Sura al-Duha
| al-Layl | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sura Number | 93 |
| Juz' | 30 |
| Revelation | |
| Revelation Number | 11 |
| Makki/Madani | Makki |
| Information | |
| Verse Count | 11 |
| Word Count | 40 |
| Letter Count | 165\ |
This article is an introduction to the Sura al-Duha; to read its text see text:Sura al-Duha.Sura al-Ḍuḥā (Arabic: سورة الضحی) or Sura Wa l-Ḍuḥā (Arabic: سورة والضحی) is ninety third sura of the Qur'an. It is a Makki sura located in juz' thirty. This sura is among suras revealed to the Prophet (s) at once. About the occasion of revelation of this sura, it is narrated that it was revealed to the Prophet (s) after a period that nothing had revealed to him and disbelievers criticized him, saying that God forsake him.
Sura al-Duha addressed the Prophet (s) saying that God has not forsaken you. Then, it mentions the blessings of God upon the Prophet (s) and advises about orphans and beggars and asks him to proclaim the blessings of God for people. It is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura Wa l-Duha, it will be upon the Prophet (s) to intercede for him and the reciter will receive rewards ten times of the count of all the beggars and orphans.
Introduction
- Naming
This sura is called "al-Duha" or "Wa l-Duha". "al-Duha" means "the day and light". The reason for this naming is that at the beginning of this sura, God swears by "al-Duha".[1]
- Place and Order of Revelation
Sura al-Duha is a Makki sura and the eleventh sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the current order of compilation of the Qur'an, it is ninety third sura[2] located in juz' thirty.
- Number of Verses and Other Characteristics
Sura al-Duha has eleven verses, forty words, and 165 letters. Regarding volume, this sura is among mufassalat. It is said that Sura al-Duha is one of the four suras revealed to the Prophet (s) as once.[3]
Content
Sura al-Duha begins with two oaths. It then gives good news to the Prophet (s) that God never forsake him. Then, it gives the good news that God will give him so much that he (s) will be pleased. In the last part of the sura, it reminds about the past life of the Prophet (s) and mentions that always God blessed him and in most difficult moments supported him; thus, in the last verses, it orders him to be kind to orphans and the needy as a gratitude for those blessings and asks him to proclaim them.[4]
| God's support for the noble Prophet (s) in performing the messenger's tasks | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| First issue: verses 1-5 God's support for the Prophet (s) in this world and the hereafter | Second issue: verses 6-8 Different supports of God for the noble Prophet (s) | Third issue: verses 9-11 Criteria influential in continuation of God's support for the noble Prophet (s) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| First point: verses 1-3 God would never forsake the Prophet (s) | Emotional support: verse 6 Taking care of the Prophet (s) when he (s) was an orphan | First criterion: verse 9 Observing the rights of orphans | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Second point: verse 4 God supports the Prophet (s) both in this world and in the hereafter | Religious support: verse 7 Guiding the Prophet (s) to the Unity of God and religious rulings | Second criterion: verse 10 Respectful treatment of the needy | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Third point: verse 5 God will support the Prophet (s) in the future too | Social support: verse 8 Making the Prophet (s) needless of others | Third criterion: verse 11 Proclaiming and thanking for the blessings of God | |||||||||||||||||||||
Occasion of Revelation
About the occasion of revelation of Sura al-Duha, it is said that for a while, nothing was revealed to the Prophet (s), so some of the enemies criticized him saying that God forsake His messenger (s). Then, Sura al-Duha was revealed and made the Prophet (s) happy.[6][7]
About the occasion of revelation of verse five of this sura, some Shi'a[8] and Sunni[9] exegetes said that, the Prophet (s) once saw that his daughter Fatima (a) was wearing a cloak made of camel's skin and was breastfeeding her children and by one hand was grinding the flour, so, he (s) cried and said, "O my daughter! Tolerate the bitterness of this world for the sweetness of the hereafter." Then, verse five of Sura al-Duha was revealed.[10]
Merits and Benefits
It is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura al-Duha, it is upon the Prophet (s) to intercede for him in the hereafter and that person will receive rewards ten times of the count of all the beggars and orphans. It is narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a) that whoever recites Suras Wa l-Duha and Qur'an 92 (Sura al-Layl), Qur'an 94 (Sura al-Sharh) and Qur'an 91 (Sura al-Shams) many times at night or during the day, on the Day of Judgment, all the things belonging to him will give testimony in favor of him, even his hairs, skin, flesh, bones, blood, vessels, and nerves.
External Links
Notes
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1265.
- ↑ Maʿrifat, Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 166.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1265.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 5, p. 521.
- ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāyī, al-Mīzān, vol. 20, p. 310.
- ↑ Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor is He displeased with you. (Qur'an 93:3)
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 5, p. 524; Ṭabāṭabāyī, al-Mīzān, vol. 20, p. 312.
- ↑ Thaʿlabī, al-Kashf wa l-bayān, vol. 10, p. 225; Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 6, p. 361.
- ↑ Soon your Lord will give you [that with which] you will be pleased. (Qur'an 93:5)
- ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān, vol. 5, p. 681.
References
- Baḥrānī, Sayyid Hāshim b. Sulaymān. Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom: Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1389 Sh.
- Khurramshāhī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn. Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān pazhūhī. Tehran: Dūstān-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna. Edited by Aḥmad ʿAlī Bābāyī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1382 Sh.
- Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Āyatollāh Marʿashī al-Najafī, 1404 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāyī, Mūhammad Ḥusayn al-. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Second edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1974.
- Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1422 AH.