Dhawb al-nudar fi sharh al-thar (book)

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Dhawb al-nudar fi sharh al-thar (book)
AuthorIbn Nama al-Hilli
Original titleذوبُ النُّضار فی شَرحِ الثّار
LanguageArabic
SubjectUprising of al-Mukhtar
Published1416/1995-6
PublisherDaftar-i Intisharat-i Islami
Pages210


Dhawb al-nuḍār fī sharḥ al-thār (Arabic: ذوبُ النُّضار فی شَرحِ الثّار) is a book written in Arabic by Ibn Nama al-Hilli. The book provides a commentary on the life of al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his uprising. In this book, the author defends al-Mukhtar's personality. Based on certain narrations, al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi is portrayed as a figure respected by the Imams (a) whose uprising is confirmed by them. In four sections, the author recounted al-Mukhtar's biography, the Tawwabun uprising, al-Mukhtar's uprising and vengeance against the murderers of Imam al-Husayn (a). Dhawb al-nudar is considered one of the most important books on al-Mukhtar and his uprising.

In his research on this book, Faris Hassun mentions the sources of hadiths and provides explanations for terms and brief biographies of figures. In addition to its separate release by Daftar-i Intisharat-i Islami, this book appears as a section in Bihar al-Anwar and 'Awalim al-'ulum wa l-ma'arif. A manuscript of this book is kept in the Fadil Khwansari Library.

Description and Features

The book Dhawb al-nudar is a crucial work that explores al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi's persona and uprising.[1] It is said that the author meticulously explores the background of al-Mukhtar's uprising, the societal conditions at the time, and the consequences of the uprising, providing a comprehensive analysis that encompasses all its dimensions and aspects.[2] He underlines, citing several narrations, that Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya never claimed Imamate but instead considered Imam al-Sajjad (a) to be his Imam, and contrary to some claims, al-Mukhtar did not support Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya's Imamate.[3] The author also presents al-Mukhtar as an individual esteemed by the Imams (a), drawing on narrations attributed to them. He asserts that the Imams have endorsed al-Mukhtar's vengeance against the murderers of Imam al-Husayn (a).[4] The author has mentioned that the motivation behind writing this book stems from the requests of friends and acquaintances and the negative perspectives some Shi'a individuals hold towards al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.[5]

Content

The book Dhawb al-nudar consists of an introduction and four sections. Additionally, at the end of the book, there is an addendum penned by Lutf Allah b. Muhammad, providing details of al-Mukhtar's killing that were not covered in the main text.[6]

  • In the book's introduction, the author succinctly establishes the legitimacy of al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and rebuts accusations against him, drawing on quotes and narratives.[7]
  • The first section probes into Mukhtar's biography, where Ibn Nama, relying on historical narrations, highlights some of his positive attributes.[8]
  • The book's second section focuses on the Tawwabun Uprising, led by Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i, providing details about the uprising, Sulayman's martyrdom, and the circumstances leading to al-Mukhtar's uprising.[9]
  • The third section covers the initial stages of al-Mukhtar's uprising. It lists the names of those who were involved in the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) and were killed by al-Mukhtar.[10]
  • The fourth section provides an account of the killing of Umar b. Sa'd, Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad, his followers, and the details of the battle against Ubayd Allah and the triumph of Mukhtar's army over him.[11]

Original Title of the Book

In al-Dhari'a, Aqa Buzurg Tihrani refers to this book by three names: Akhdh al-Thar,[12] Dhawb al-nudar fi sharh al-thar,[13] and Sharh al-thar al-Mushtamil 'ala akhbar al-Mukhtar.[14] However, this book is also known under other names, including Akhdh al-thar fi ahwal al-Mukhtar[15] and Dhawb al-ghadar fi sharh akhdh al-thar.[16] According to Aqa Buzurg Tehrani, "al-ghadar" is a printing error, and the correct term is "al-nudar." [17]Furthermore, the author stated that he has titled the book "Dhawb al-Nudar fi Sharh al-Thar."[18] The word "Nudar" refers to pure, unmelted gold or silver, or gold that is yet to be mined.[19] "Dhawb al-Nudar" signifies the melting of pure gold.

Author

Main article: Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Nama al-Hilli

The book Dhawb al-nudar is authored by Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Nama al-Hilli (d. 680/1281-2), also known as Najm al-Din and commonly referred to as Ibn Nama.[20] He is counted among the eminent jurists of the Imamiyya.[21] Acknowledged as a literary figure, historian, and one of the professors of al-'Allama al-Hilli, who has left behind a collection of poems praising the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[22] It has been noted that Ibn Nama authored additional books, including Muthir al-ahzan, which explores the tragedies of the Event of 'Ashura, and Manhaj al-Shi'a fi fada'il wasi Khatam al-Shari'a, which focuses on the virtues of Imam Ali (a).[23]

Publication

Reports indicate the existence of an old manuscript of the book Dhawb al-nudar, preserved in the Fadil Khwansari Library. This 32-page copy is written in Naskh (script).[24] This book has also been published as a part of Bihar al-Anwar, authored by Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi in volume 45 of this series, and as a section of the 17th volume of 'Awalim al-'ulum, written by 'Abd Allah b. Nur al-Din al-Bahrani.[25]

The book Dhawb al-nudar, based on research done by Faris Hassun and a comparison of the above-mentioned versions, was independently published by Daftar-i Intisharat-i Islami, affiliated with the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom in the year 1416/1995-6. Hassoun's research includes finding narrations from credible sources, elucidating unfamiliar terms, and providing concise explanations about individuals mentioned in the book.[26]

Notes

  1. ↑ Muʾassisa-yi Nashr-i Islāmī, Muqaddama dar Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 3-4.
  2. ↑ Muʾassisa-yi Nashr-i Islāmī, Muqaddama dar Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 3-4.
  3. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 50-57.
  4. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 62-66.
  5. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 50-51.
  6. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 148-150.
  7. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 50-58.
  8. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 59-81.
  9. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 82-104.
  10. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 105-125.
  11. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 126-147.
  12. ↑ Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 1, p. 369.
  13. ↑ Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 1, p. 369; vol. 10, p. 43.
  14. ↑ Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 13, p. 170.
  15. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 4, p. 156; Yaʿqūbī, al-Bābilīyyāt, vol. 1, p. 74.
  16. ↑ Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 10, p. 43.
  17. ↑ Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 13, p. 170.
  18. ↑ Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 58.
  19. ↑ Dihkhudā, Lughatnāma, under the word "Nudar".
  20. ↑ Ḥassūn, Muqaddama dar Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 32.
  21. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 4, p. 156.
  22. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 4, p. 156; Yaʿqūbī, al-Bābilīyyāt, vol. 1, p. 74.
  23. ↑ Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 19, p. 349.
  24. ↑ Ḥassūn, Muqaddama dar Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 42.
  25. ↑ Ḥassūn, Muqaddama dar Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 43.
  26. ↑ Ḥassūn, Muqaddama dar Dhawb al-nuḍār, p. 43.

References

  • Amīn, al-Sayyid Muḥsin al-. Aʿyān al-Shīʿa. Edited by Ḥasan Amīn. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1403AH.
  • Āqā Buzurg Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-shīʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1403 AH.
  • Ḥassūn, Fāris al-. Muqaddama. In Dhawb al-nuḍār fī sharḥ al-thār. Qom: Jāmiʿa Mudarrisīn, 1416 AH.
  • Ibn Namā al-Ḥillī, Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad. Dhawb al-nuḍār fī sharḥ al-thār. Qom: Jāmiʿa Mudarrisīn, 1416 AH.
  • Muʾassisa-yi Nashr-i Islāmī. Muqaddama. In Dhawb al-nuḍār fī sharḥ al-thār. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Nashr-i Islāmī, 1416 AH.
  • Yaʿqūbī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Al-Bābilīyyāt. Najaf: Maṭbaʿat al-Zahrāʾ, 1370 AH.
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