Jump to content

Draft:Verse 3 of Sura al-Hamd

Add links
From wikishia
Verse 3 of Sura al-Hamd
Verse's Information
Suraal-Hamd (Qur'an 1)
Verse3
Content Information
Place of
Revelation		Mecca
TopicAttributes of God
AboutTwo types of general and specific mercy of God
Related VersesBism Allah al-Rahman al-Rahim


Qur'an 1:3 cites "al-Rahman" and "al-Rahim" as two of the attributes of God.[1] Persian translators of the Qur'an have rendered "al-Rahman" as "Beneficent," "the All-Beneficent," or "the One who possesses extensive mercy,"[2] while interpreting "al-Rahim" as "the Most Merciful in the Hereafter," "the Kind," and "the Always-Merciful."[3]

The terms al-Rahman and al-Rahim are derived from the root rahma (mercy).[4] According to Allamah Tabataba'i, whereas mercy in humans implies an internal affect arising from witnessing a need, in the context of Allah, it signifies the bestowal of grace and the fulfillment of needs rather than an emotional alteration.[5]

Allamah Tabataba'i interprets "al-Rahman" as denoting an abundance of mercy, and "al-Rahim" as signifying the stability and permanence of that mercy. Consequently, the attribute of al-Rahman encompasses both the disbeliever and the believer, whereas al-Rahim is specific only to the faithful.[6] Morteza Motahhari similarly posits that the mercy of "al-Rahim" is contingent upon righteous deeds.[7] A tradition from Imam al-Sadiq (a) states that God is al-Rahman towards all creatures, but al-Rahim exclusively towards the believers.[8]

Ja'far Subhani distinguishes the two attributes by associating Rahmaniyya with the general mercy of this world and Rahimiyya with the specific mercy of the Hereafter.[9] Furthermore, "al-Rahman" is an attribute exclusive to God, whereas "al-Rahim" is a description shared between God and human beings.[10] Tabrisi cites this distinction as the rationale for "al-Rahman" preceding "al-Rahim" in both the Bism Allah and this verse of Sura al-Hamd.[11]

Naser Makarem Shirazi asserts that the placement of "al-Rahman" and "al-Rahim" immediately following "Rabb al-'Alamin" (Lord of the Worlds) highlights God's kindness and grace alongside His power and authority.[12] Some scholars also regard these two attributes as the justification for the praise and gratitude expressed in the preceding verse.[13] Furthermore, regarding the repetition of "al-Rahman al-Rahim" in the Basmala and the third verse of al-Hamd, the distinction lies in their context: in the Basmala, the phrase refers to God's creative act, whereas in the third verse, it pertains to the sustenance of existence in this world and divine recompense in the Hereafter.[14]

See Also

Divine Mercy

Notes

  1. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i Namūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 1, pp. 22-23.
  2. ↑ Kāshānī, Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn, Tehran, vol. 1, p. 26; Jāmi' al-Tafāsīr Software.
  3. ↑ Kāshānī, Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn, Tehran, vol. 1, p. 26; Jāmi' al-Tafāsīr Software.
  4. ↑ See: al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, vol. 1, p. 28; Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-Bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 1, p. 91; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 1, p. 18.
  5. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 1, p. 18.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 1, p. 18.
  7. ↑ Muṭahharī, Majmū'a-yi Āthār, 1390 Sh, vol. 27, p. 179.
  8. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 114.
  9. ↑ Subḥānī, Manshūr-i Jāvīd, 1383 Sh, vol. 2, p. 262.
  10. ↑ See: al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, vol. 1, p. 28; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i Namūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 1, p. 23.
  11. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-Bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 1, p. 93.
  12. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i Namūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 1, p. 37.
  13. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-Bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 1, p. 97; Kāshānī, Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn, Tehran, vol. 1, p. 40; Qirāʾatī, Tafsīr-i Nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 1, p. 28.
  14. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-Bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 1, p. 97; Kāshānī, Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn, Tehran, vol. 1, p. 40.

References

  • Subḥānī, Jaʿfar, Manshūr-i Jāvīd, Qom, Muʾassisat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (ʿa), 1st ed., 1383 Sh.
  • al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī, 2nd ed., 1390 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan, Majma' al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
  • Qirāʾatī, Muḥsin, Tafsīr-i Nūr, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yī az Qurʾān, 1st ed., 1388 Sh.
  • Kāshānī, Mullā Fatḥ Allāh, Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn fī Ilzām al-Mukhālifīn, Tehran, Kitābfurūshī-yi Islāmiyya, 1st ed., n.d.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Ya'qūb, al-Kāfī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1407 AH.
  • Muṭahharī, Murtāḍā, Majmū'a-yi Āthār, Tehran, Sadra, 1390 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i Namūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 10th ed., 1371 Sh.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Draft:Verse_3_of_Sura_al-Hamd&oldid=205195"