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Shrine of Sharifa bt. Imam al-Hasan (a)

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Shrine of Sharifa bt. Imam al-Hasan (a)
EpithetSayyida Sharifa • Bibi Sharifa • Umm Radi • Tabib Ahl al-Bayt • Sahib Karamat
FatherImam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)


Shrine of Sharīfa bt. Imam al-Ḥasan (a) (Arabic: مرقد شریفة بنت الإمام الحسن(ع)), known as Sayyida Sharīfa (Arabic: سیدة شریفة) and Bībī Sharīfa (Arabic: بی‌بی شریفة), is a shrine in Hilla, Iraq, attributed to the daughter of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a). Her attribution to the family of Imam al-Hasan (a) is rooted in popular belief, but historical and genealogical sources have offered different views. Some have identified her as Umm Salama, the wife of 'Umar al-Ashraf, son of Imam al-Sajjad (a), while others have spoken of her attribution to al-Hasan al-Muthanna. In contrast, there are studies that introduce her as Sharaf al-Ashraf, daughter of Sayyid ibn Tawus and one of the scholarly women of the Al Tawus Family.

Despite the lack of definitive evidence, the social and historical credibility of this shrine among the people of the region, its official registration in the Ottoman period, and local evidence have led to its widespread acceptance. Numerous authors have examined this figure from various angles, and overall, the shrine of Sayyida Sharifa is accepted as one of the pilgrimage sites in the city of Hilla.

Status of the Shrine of Sayyida Sharifa

Sayyida Sharifa is one of the shrines in Iraq, located in the Tahmaziyya area of Hilla, 30 kilometers from Karbala.[1] This shrine is located on the Tariq al-Ulama pilgrimage route. This religious site holds a special place among the people of Hilla and receives pilgrims at most hours of the day and night.[2] People of the region resort to this shrine for healing illnesses or fulfilling their needs, and many believe that their needs have been met through tawassul to the person buried in this shrine.[3] The ritual of setting a table (Sofreh) and special visitation on tuesdays, performing the Ziyarah prayer, and reciting the Ziyara text are among the spiritual rituals of the pilgrims of Sayyida Sharifa performed at this shrine.[4]

Sayyida Sharifa is remembered with titles such as "Physician of Ahl al-Bayt",[5] "Umm Radi", and "Possessor of Miracles".[6]

History of the Building

The history of the building of the shrine of Sayyida Sharifa dates back to the Ottoman period, and the land registration officer at that time identified the grave with the title "Al-Sayyida al-Sharifa bt. al-Hasan". It is said that the people of the region were also present in this process, and the surrounding lands were registered in her name, the income of which was spent on maintaining the building and hosting pilgrims. The name "Sharifa" also appears on the official Ottoman map (1332 AH/1914) and an old tombstone with the name "Sharifa" engraved on it remains as a historical sign.[7]

The building of this shrine includes a room with a large portico and a dome over it, surrounded by a large courtyard.[8] The construction of the new darih for the shrine of Sayyida Sharifa was carried out by Sayyid Muhsin Ahmadi, an Iranian artist from Isfahan, with dimensions of 5.5 meters in length, 4.5 meters in width, and 365 centimeters in height. Its installation took place in 2021 in the presence of the custodian and a group of pilgrims of this shrine.[9]

Who is Sayyida Sharifa?

It is said that the real name of Sayyida Sharifa was Umm Salama, who married 'Umar al-Ashraf, the son of Imam al-Sajjad (a).[10] The title Sharifa was given to her because she was the wife of 'Umar al-Ashraf, and this title is derived from her high personal and family status; such that among the people, this title replaced her real name. According to some reports, Umm Salama migrated with her husband to an area near Kufa and after settling there, following 'Umar al-Ashraf's accompaniment with Zayd the Martyr in the Uprising of Zayd b. Ali, she passed away and was buried in the same area.[11]

In contrast, the author of the book al-Darajat al-rafi'a fi waqayi' al-Shi'a mentioned her name as Fatima Sharifa, daughter of Imam al-Hasan (a), and considered her martyrdom to be on Muharram 20, 61 AH/680. He also suggested the possibility that due to the oppression and suppression ruling over the Ahl al-Bayt (a) during the Umayyad Caliphate, no report of this woman's life remained in historical sources.[12]

Views of Opponents and Proponents of Attribution to Imam al-Hasan (a)

The shrine of Sayyida Sharifa is known among the people as Sharifa bt. al-Hasan (a), and the common belief is her attribution to the daughter of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a).[13]

Muhammad Hirz al-Din (d. 1365 AH/1945-6), despite mentioning the fame of the grave as belonging to the daughter of Imam al-Hasan (a), states that the identity of the owner of the grave is unknown to him and should not be definitively rejected or proven.[14] Some researchers such as Shaykh Muhammad Jamil al-'Amili and Husayn Abu Sa'ida emphasize that there is no valid historical or narrative document to prove the existence of a daughter named Sharifa among the children of Imam al-Hasan (a). This name may be a general title or have emerged from non-scientific motivations.[15] Some researchers, including Faqih Bahr al-'Ulum, by examining genealogical sources, in addition to attribution to Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a) and the possibility of attributing her to al-Hasan al-Muthanna, have introduced the owner of the grave as Sharaf al-Ashraf, daughter of Sayyid ibn Tawus from the Al Tawus Family.[16]

On the other hand, Sayyid Muhammad Ali al-Hilu (d. 1440 AH/2018), a scholar from Iraq, tried to prove that Sharifa bt. al-Hasan (a) was among the captives of the Event of Karbala and passed away and was buried at the current location of the shrine on the way from Kufa to Damascus.[17] The author of the book Marqad al-Sayyida al-Sharifa bint al-Hasan (a), with a historical and social approach, emphasizes the long-standing credibility and fame of this shrine. In his view, people's knowledge of the owner of the grave is mutawatir (consecutive), documented, and undoubted.[18]

  • Video of the shrine of Sayyida Sharifa bt. al-Hasan (a)
  • Video from inside the shrine
  • View of the nave (shabestan) of Sayyida Sharifa
    View of the nave (shabestan) of Sayyida Sharifa
  • Tile work of the dome and minarets
    Tile work of the dome and minarets
  • Turquoise tile works of the shrine
    Turquoise tile works of the shrine
  • Distant view of the shrine of Sayyida Sharifa
    Distant view of the shrine of Sayyida Sharifa

Notes

  1. ↑ Faqīhī Muqaddas, Naqsh-i bānovān-i Shīʿa dar gustarish-i ʿulūm-i Islāmī, p. 187.
  2. ↑ Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Ziyāratgāh-hā-yi ʿIrāq, vol. 2, p. 134.
  3. ↑ Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Ziyāratgāh-hā-yi ʿIrāq, vol. 2, p. 134.
  4. ↑ "Bībī Sharīfa kīst? Mazār-i Imāmzāda Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a)".
  5. ↑ "Ḥaram-i muṭahhar-i Sharīfa dukhtar-i Imām Ḥasan al-Mujtabā (a)...".
  6. ↑ Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, "Barrasī-yi mazārāt-i Āl Ṭāwūs dar Ḥilla wa mazār-i Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a)", p. 98.
  7. ↑ Kurayṭī, Marqad al-Sayyida al-Sharīfa, pp. 83–89.
  8. ↑ Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Ziyāratgāh-hā-yi ʿIrāq, vol. 2, p. 134.
  9. ↑ "Naṣb-i ḍarīḥ-i jadīd-i ḥaram-i Sayyida Sharīfa...".
  10. ↑ Kurayṭī, Marqad al-Sayyida al-Sharīfa, p. 76.
  11. ↑ Kurayṭī, Marqad al-Sayyida al-Sharīfa, pp. 77-79.
  12. ↑ Rafīʿī, Al-Darajāt al-rafīʿa fī waqāyiʿ al-Shīʿa, p. 336.
  13. ↑ Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Ziyāratgāh-hā-yi ʿIrāq, vol. 2, p. 134.
  14. ↑ Ḥirz al-Dīn, Marāqid al-maʿārif, vol. 1, p. 384.
  15. ↑ Kurayṭī, Marqad al-Sayyida al-Sharīfa, pp. 97-98; Abū Saʿīda, Banāt al-Maʿṣūmīn, pp. 86-87.
  16. ↑ Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, "Barrasī-yi mazārāt-i Āl Ṭāwūs dar Ḥilla wa mazār-i Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a)", p. 98.
  17. ↑ Ḥilū, Mazār Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a), pp. 65-66.
  18. ↑ Kurayṭī, Marqad al-Sayyida al-Sharīfa, p. 83.

References

  • Abū Saʿīda, Ḥusayn. Banāt al-Maʿṣūmīn. Beirut, Muʾassisa al-Balāgh, 1436 AH.
  • "Bībī Sharīfa kīst? Mazār-i Imāmzāda Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a)". Zaerane Website. Accessed: 15 Mehr 1404 Sh.
  • Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Muḥammad Mahdī. "Barrasī-yi mazārāt-i Āl Ṭāwūs dar Ḥilla wa mazār-i Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a)". Farhang-i Ziyārat, Winter 1399 Sh, no. 45.
  • Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Muḥammad Mahdī. Ziyāratgāh-hā-yi ʿIrāq: Muʿarrafī-yi ziyāratgāh-hā-yi mashhūr dar kishvar-i ʿIrāq. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1395 Sh.
  • Faqīhī Muqaddas, Nafīsa. Naqsh-i bānovān-i Shīʿa dar gustarish-i ʿulūm-i Islāmī. Qom, Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a), 1397 Sh.
  • "Ḥaram-i muṭahhar-i Sharīfa dukhtar-i Imām Ḥasan al-Mujtabā (a), maʿrūf bi ṭabīb-i Ahl-i Bayt (a)". Al-Ataba Al-Husayniyya Al-Muqaddasa Website. Published: 20/01/2016.
  • Ḥilū, Sayyid Muḥammad ʿAlī. Mazār Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a); Qirāʾāt taḥqīqiyya. Baghdad, Dār al-Kafīl.
  • Ḥirz al-Dīn, Muḥammad. Marāqid al-maʿārif. N.p., Saʿīd b. Jubayr, 1371 Sh.
  • Kurayṭī, Ḥākim Ḥabīb. Marqad al-Sayyida al-Sharīfa bt. al-Ḥasan (a). 1440 AH.
  • "Naṣb-i ḍarīḥ-i jadīd-i ḥaram-i Sayyida Sharīfa dukhtar-i bilāfaṣl-i Imām Ḥasan al-Mujtabā (a)". Razavi News Agency. Published: 8 Khordad 1400 Sh. Accessed: 7 Mehr 1404 Sh.
  • Rafīʿī, Rafīʿ al-Dīn Sayyid Jaʿfar. Al-Darajāt al-rafīʿa fī waqāyiʿ al-Shīʿa. Qom, Muʾassisa-yi Farhangī wa Taḥqīqātī-yi Yārān-i Qāʾim, 1395 Sh.
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