Tomb of Kumayl b. Ziyad
 | |
| General Information | |
|---|---|
| Location | Najaf |
| Other names | Mausoleum of Kumayl |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | approximately 5,400 square meters |
| Status | Active |
| Architecture | |
| Renovation | 2008 |
The Tomb of Kumayl (Arabic: مرقد کمیل) is the burial place of Kumayl b. Ziyad al-Nakha'i, a special companion of Imam 'Ali (a), and one of the Shi'a shrines in the east of Najaf. Due to Kumayl's status and the shrine's features, including a dome, a courtyard, and reconstructed architecture, it has become a pilgrimage destination for visitors from around the world. It is said that Sayyid Muhammad Musawi Kalantar was among those who played a role in the construction of the mausoleum of Kumayl b. Ziyad.
The building of this shrine was renovated in 2008. Throughout history, families of scholars and benefactors have played a role in the maintenance and elevation of this shrine's status, and a number of religious and scholarly figures are buried there.
Pilgrimage and Cultural Status
The Tomb of Kumayl b. Ziyad, the burial place of one of the special companions of Imam 'Ali (a) in Najaf, is located in the center of a neighborhood called "Hayy al-Hannana" and near the Hannana Mosque.[1] This shrine is situated in the east of Najaf, on the Najaf-Kufa highway, near the al-Thawiya Cemetery.[2] The area of the shrine is approximately 5,400 square meters.[3] The shrine has long been respected by the people and has always been preserved and maintained[4] with many pilgrims from inside and outside Iraq visiting it for Ziyara and the recitation of supplications.[5]
Shaykh Ahmed al-Wa'ili (a Shi'a orator),[6] Shaykh Muḥyī al-Dīn Māmaqānī (a scholar of the Seminary of Qom),[7] the martyr Shaykh Mahdi 'Attar (an Iraqi mujahid), Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī Ardabīlī (son-in-law of Sayyid Mahmud Shahrudi), and Ahmad Sa'idi Quchani (a professor of the Qom seminary) are among the figures buried in the shrine of Kumayl b. Ziyad.[8]
Building and Architecture
In the late Ottoman era, Kumayl's tomb was located in a remote desert. Due to its distance from the main route from Najaf to Kufa, it received less public attention and was visited only by scholars and certain pilgrims, such as Indian and Iranian Bohras.[9]
Shaykh Muhammad Harz al-Din (d. 1946) described this structure in his book Maraqid al-ma'arif as being located on a high hill about one mile from the wall of Najaf, noting that its building had a small white dome visible from a distance.[10] The building of the buq'a is situated slightly above ground level and can be accessed via eight to ten steps. This structure includes a courtyard, a sanctuary, a portico, a main entrance, and two small entrances on the sides protected by iron railings. A small Zarih is installed over the grave, and a dome approximately 10 meters high stands above it.[11]
Sayyid Muhammad Musawi Kalantar is mentioned as the person who constructed the shrine building over the grave of Kumayl b. Ziyad.[12] The maintenance of this place was historically the responsibility of the al-Durūbī family, from Shaykh Bāqir to his son Shaykh Muḥammad ʿAlī, and then Shaykh Muḥammad. These individuals were responsible for the lighting and cleaning of the shrine and the Grave, acting as its official custodians.[13]
Renovation and Expansion
In 2008, after reconstruction and expansion operations, the shrine of Kumayl was inaugurated in its present form. This project was completed in 270 days. It is said that the purpose of this renovation was to preserve the religious and cultural status of the shrines and Atabat, as this place had faced neglect and serious damage during the rule of Saddam Hussein.[14]
A vast courtyard, a large dome, and rooms built as family crypts for families from Najaf are among the architectural changes to this place.[15]
Notes
- ↑ Ḥarz al-Dīn, Tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf, 1385 Sh, vol. 1, p. 341; Muqaddas, Rāhnamā-yi amākin-i ziyāratī, 1387 Sh, p. 122.
- ↑ Ḥāʾirī, Haft shahr-i diyār-i wilāyat, 1392 Sh, p. 48.
- ↑ Marqad Kumayl b. Ziyād riḍwān Allāh ʿalayh, Ghurfat Tijārat al-Najaf al-Ashraf.
- ↑ Qazwīnī, Al-Mazār, 1426 AH, p. 127.
- ↑ Ḥarz al-Dīn, Tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf, 1385 Sh, vol. 1, p. 341; Muqaddas, Rāhnamā-yi amākin-i ziyāratī, 1387 Sh, p. 122.
- ↑ Muqaddas, Rāhnamā-yi amākin-i ziyāratī, 1387 Sh, p. 92.
- ↑ Anṣārī Qummī, Akhtarān-i faḍīlat, 1388 Sh, p. 704.
- ↑ Marqad-i Kumayl b. Ziyād-i Nakhaʿī, Reyhane-ye Karbala.
- ↑ Ḥarz al-Dīn, Tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf, 1385 Sh, vol. 1, p. 341.
- ↑ Ḥarz al-Dīn, Marāqid al-maʿārif, 1371 Sh, vol. 2, p. 276.
- ↑ Gulābgīrnīk, Najaf kānūn-i tashayyuʿ, 1388 Sh, p. 106; Qāʾidān, ʿAtabāt-i ʿāliyyāt-i ʿIrāq, 1383 Sh, p. 53.
- ↑ Ḥakīm, Al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf, 1427 AH, vol. 10, p. 275.
- ↑ Ḥarz al-Dīn, Tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf, 1385 Sh, vol. 1, p. 341.
- ↑ Iftitāḥ marqad al-ṣaḥābī al-jalīl Kumayl b. Ziyād al-Nakhaʿī baʿd aʿmāl al-iʿmār wa l-taʾhīl, Buratha News Agency.
- ↑ Qummī, Amākin-i ziyāratī wa sayāḥatī-yi ʿIrāq, 1379 Sh, p. 29.
References
- Anṣārī Qummī, Nāṣir al-Dīn. Akhtarān-i faḍīlat: zindagī wa darguḏasht-i ʿulamā-yi Shīʿa 1372-1387 Sh. Qom, Dalīl-i Mā, 1388 Sh.
- Gulābgīrnīk, Maḥmūd. Najaf kānūn-i tashayyuʿ. Mashhad, Bunyād-i Pizhūhish-hā-yi Islāmī, 1388 Sh.
- Ḥāʾirī, Ayyūb. Haft shahr-i diyār-i wilāyat: rāhnamā-yi amākin-i ziyāratī-yi ʿatabāt-i ʿāliyyāt-i ʿIrāq. Qom, Zāʾir, 1392 Sh.
- Ḥakīm, ʿĪsā. Al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf. Qom, Al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydariyya, 1427/2006.
- Ḥarz al-Dīn, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Marāqid al-maʿārif. Qom, Dalīl-i Mā, 1371 Sh.
- Ḥarz al-Dīn, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf. Qom, Dalīl-i Mā, 1385 Sh.
- Iftitāḥ marqad al-ṣaḥābī al-jalīl Kumayl b. Ziyād al-Nakhaʿī baʿd aʿmāl al-iʿmār wa l-taʾhīl. Buratha News Agency. Posted: 17 November 2008. Accessed: 16 Mihr 1411 Sh.
- Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. Maqālāt wa risālāt-i tārīkhī. Tehran, Nashr-i ʿIlm, 1393 Sh.
- Marqad Kumayl b. Ziyād riḍwān Allāh ʿalayh. Ghurfat Tijārat al-Najaf al-Ashraf. Posted: 13 March 2021. Accessed: 16 Mihr 1404 Sh.
- Marqad-i Kumayl b. Ziyād-i Nakhaʿī. Reyhane-ye Karbala. Accessed: 14 Mihr 1404 Sh.
- Muqaddas, Iḥsān. Rāhnamā-yi amākin-i ziyāratī wa sayāḥatī dar ʿIrāq. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1387 Sh.
- Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ʿAtabāt-i ʿāliyyāt-i ʿIrāq. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1383 Sh.
- Qazwīnī, Mahdī. Al-Mazār: madkhal li-taʿyīn qubūr al-anbiyāʾ wa l-shuhadāʾ wa awlād al-aʾimma wa l-ʿulamāʾ. Beirut, Dār al-Rāfidayn, 1426/2005.
- Qummī, Muḥammad Riḍā. Amākin-i ziyāratī wa sayāḥatī-yi ʿIrāq. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1379 Sh.