Umm Habib bt. Rabi'a
| Epithet | al-Sahbā al-Taghlibiyya |
|---|---|
| Lineage | Taghlib tribe |
| Well-known Relatives | Imam Ali (a) • Muslim b. Aqil |
| Birth | Three years before Hijra |
| Place of Birth | Ayn al-Tamr |
| Death | 61/680, Medina |
| Known for | Companion of Imam Ali (a) |
Umm Ḥabīb bt. Rabīʿa (Arabic:أم حبیب بنت ربیعة), also known as al-Ṣahbāʾ al-Taghlibiyya, was an Umm walad (a concubine who bore a child) of Imam Ali (a).[1] Some researchers have included her among the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a) in Karbala.[2] While a group of historians identifies her father as Rabi'a,[3] other historical reports suggest names such as 'Abbad b. Rabi'a.[4] Muhammad Sadiq Karbasi, a prominent Shia researcher, posits that "al-Sahba" was a title bestowed upon Umm Habib.[5] Historical accounts indicate that Umm Habib was captured during Khalid b. Walid's campaign in the 'Ayn al-Tamr region near Anbar[6] or possibly in another conflict.[7] Some scholars estimate that Imam Ali (a) purchased her for forty Dinars in Rajab of 12 AH.[8] It is reported that Imam Ali (a) affectionately referred to Umm Habib as his "jan" (soul).[9]
Relying on historical indicators, such as her birth during the lifetime of the Prophet (s),[10] Karbasi estimates her birth date to be approximately three years before the Hijra.[11] Furthermore, given the absence of historical records mentioning her after 61/680, he suggests she died in 61 AH in Medina.[12]
As an Umm walad, al-Sahba bore several children with Imam Ali (a):
- 'Umar: Known as 'Umar al-Akbar[13] or 'Umar al-Atraf.[14] Some accounts state that Umar b. al-Khattab named him.[15] He is regarded as the last surviving son of Imam Ali (a).[16] 'Umar al-Atraf died in Yanbu' at the age of 85[17] or possibly younger[18] during the reign of Walid b. Abd al-Malik.[19][20] Certain Maqtals claim he was martyred in the Event of Karbala.[21] Shia researcher Ja'far Murtada has suggested the possibility that Imam Ali (a) had another son named Umar who was martyred in Karbala.[22]
- Ruqayya: Known as Ruqayya al-Kubra,[23] she was the wife of Muslim b. Aqil.[24] They had three children: 'Abd Allah, 'Ali, and Muhammad; 'Abd Allah was martyred in the Event of Karbala.[25] It is said that Ruqayya accompanied Imam al-Husayn's (a) caravan along with her mother, al-Sahba.[26] However, Shia researcher Sayyid Ali al-Shahristani disputes al-Sahba's presence in Karbala.[27] Zaynab Fawwaz al-Amili identified Ruqayya's burial site in Cairo, Egypt.[28] Historians note that Umar and Ruqayya were twins.[29]
- Abbas: Some reports mention another child of Ruqayya named Abbas al-Asghar. Muhammad Sadiq Karbasi rejects this attribution to al-Sahba as a historical error.[30]
Notes
- ↑ Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī, Maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba, vol. 1, p. 88; Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh, vol. 2, p. 747.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 138.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh, vol. 2, p. 747; Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 21, p. 468; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 219.
- ↑ Bayḍūn, Mawsūʿat Karbalāʾ, vol. 2, p. 122.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 134.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 5, p. 154; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa al-nihāya, vol. 7, p. 367; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 3, p. 18.
- ↑ Shahristānī, al-Tasmiyāt, p. 345.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, pp. 132-133.
- ↑ Quṭb al-Rāwandī, Makārim akhlāq al-Nabī wa al-aʾimma, p. 195.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 219; Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 138.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 138.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, pp. 138-139.
- ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 7, p. 117.
- ↑ Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib, p. 331.
- ↑ Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 21, p. 469.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, vol. 7, p. 485.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh, vol. 2, p. 747.
- ↑ Shahristānī, al-Tasmiyāt, p. 346.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 133.
- ↑ Barzanjī, Ṣaḥīḥ wa ḍaʿīf Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 3, p. 422.
- ↑ Shahristānī, al-Tasmiyāt, p. 349; Amīnī, Aṣḥāb Amīr al-Muʾminīn, vol. 2, p. 437.
- ↑ ʿĀmilī, al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Imām ʿAlī, vol. 1, p. 284.
- ↑ Ibn Abī al-Dunyā, Maqtal ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, p. 119.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 138.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā, vol. 1, p. 397.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 138.
- ↑ Shahristānī, al-Tasmiyāt, p. 366.
- ↑ Fawwāz al-ʿĀmilī, al-Durr al-manthūr, p. 206.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Dimashq, vol. 45, p. 305.
- ↑ Karbāsī, Muʿjam anṣār al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 139.
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