Yanbu

Without priority, Quality: c
From wikishia
(Redirected from Yanbu')
Yanbu
The geographical position of Yanbu'
The geographical position of Yanbu'
Coordinate24°5′17.75″N 38°3′29.5″E / 24.0882639°N 38.058194°E / 24.0882639; 38.058194
CountrySaudi Arabia
ProvinceMedina
Historical Information
Shi'a backgroundEarly Islam
Historical placesRadwa Mountain


Yanbuʿ (Arabic: یَنبُع) is a city on the west of Medina, known for its abundant springs of water and Mount Radwa. The city was conquered by Muslims in 2/623-4.

Imam 'Ali (a) bought the lands around the area from Muslims, and by improvement of its agriculture, he turned it to an endowment for Alids. Children of Imam al-Hasan (a) inhabited this area.

Historical events that took place in Yanbu include Imam Sajjad’s giving refuge to the family of Marwan b. Hakam during the Event of Harra and the hiding of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya there.

Location and Naming

File:پرونده:ینبع-عربستان-سعودی-نقشه.jpg
The geographical position of Yanbu'

Yanbu is located on the coast of the Red Sea[1] in Hijaz.[2] The city is part of Medina,[3] at a distance of seven[4] or nine stations.[5] The distance between Yanbu and Medina is about 225 km.[6]

In the past, the area had many palm groves, agricultural lands,[7] and springs of water.[8] It was called “Yanbu” because of the abundance of its springs of water.[9].[10]

Yanbu was located on the paths of hajj caravans from Egypt[11] and Levant[12] to Medina and Mecca. It is one station away from Mount Radwa.[13] During al-Mansur's reign, al-Nafs al-Zakiyya hid in Mount Radwa for a while.[14]

Imam ʿAli’s Endowments

Yanbu was conquered by Muslims without a war during the second ghazwa of the Prophet (s)[15] under the Battle of Dhu-l-'Ashira in 2/623-4.[16] The Prophet (s) gave the area to a group of Muslims.[17] Imam ʿAli (a) bought the area from them and began agriculture and water extraction there.[18] Some people believe that the lands were given to Imam ʿAli (a) by the Prophet (s)[19] or 'Umar[20] as an iqtaʿ (a form of tax farming).

Some sources talk about Amir al-Mu'minin’s many endowments in this area.[21] Imam al-Husayn (a) gave the interests of its agricultural products to 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far b. Abi Talib, who in turn gave it to Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan.[22] Imam ʿAli’s household still had estates in the area. For instance, during the Event of Harra Imam al-Sajjad (a) went to Yanbu,[23] and on some accounts, he took with him his own as well as Marwan's family.[24]

During Saffah's reign, 'Abd Allah b. Hasan al-Muthanna tried to reclaim the area from the caliph,[25] which led to disputes among the progeny of ʿAli (a) over Yanbu’s endowments.[26] Finally, Mahdi al-'Abbasi gave the lands to 'Alids.[27]

People of the Area

In early sources, most people of Yanbu are said to be Ansar,[28] Hasanids,[29] Zaydis,[30] and the Jahmi tribe.[31] A prominent figure from this area was Hasan b. Qasim b. Muhammad who left Yanbu to Morocco in 664/1265-6.[32] He was the ancestor of Alawite (Alaouite) noblemen in Morocco who later established a government there.[33]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, vol. 6, p. 283; Aḥmad, Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām, p. 97.
  2. ↑ Maqdisī, Aḥsan al-taqāsīm, p. 29.
  3. ↑ Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, vol. 13, p. 528.
  4. ↑ Sakhāwī, al-Baladāniyyāt, p. 298; Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450.
  5. ↑ Masʿūdī, al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf, p. 203.
  6. ↑ Ṣabrī Pāshā, Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol. 5, p. 146.
  7. ↑ Ḥāfiẓ Abrū, Jughrāfīyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ Abrū, vol. 1, p. 218.
  8. ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450; Samhudī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 4, p. 166.
  9. ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450; Samhudī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 4, p. 166.
  10. ↑ Yanbuʿ is derived from the root n-b-ʿ, which means springing
  11. ↑ Sakhāwī, al-Baladāniyyāt, p. 298.
  12. ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450.
  13. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ, vol. 3, p. 1485; Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450.
  14. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 7, p. 535.
  15. ↑ Masʿūdī, Murūj al-dhahab, vol. 2, p. 281.
  16. ↑ Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, vol. 2, p. 66; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 2, p. 408.
  17. ↑ Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, v0l. 1, p. 20.
  18. ↑ Samhudī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 4, p. 166; Aḥmad, Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām, p. 98.
  19. ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450.
  20. ↑ Balādhurī, Futūḥ al-buldān, p. 24; Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ, vol. 3, p. 1485.
  21. ↑ Aḥmad, Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām, p. 98; Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450.
  22. ↑ Aḥmad, Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām, p. 99.
  23. ↑ Balʿamī, Tārīkhnāma-yi ṭabarī, vol. 4, p. 718.
  24. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 485.
  25. ↑ Aḥmad, Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām, p. 99.
  26. ↑ Abu l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn, p. 198.
  27. ↑ Aḥmad, Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām, p. 99.
  28. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzī, al-Muntaẓam, vol. 1, p. 142.
  29. ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 450.
  30. ↑ Sakhāwī, al-Baladāniyyāt, p. 298.
  31. ↑ Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, al-Munammaq, p. 133.
  32. ↑ Salāwī, al-Istiqṣāʾ, vol. 1, p. 427.
  33. ↑ Salāwī, al-Istiqṣāʾ, vol. 1, p. 427.

References

  • Abu l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad al-Ṣaqar. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
  • Aḥmad, ʿAlī Ṣāliḥ. Ḥijāz dar ṣadr-i islām. Translated by ʿAbd al-Muḥammad Āyatī. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1375 Sh.
  • Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Futūḥ al-buldān. Beirut: Dār wa maktabat al-hilāl, 1988.
  • Balʿamī, Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Tārīkhnāma-yi ṭabarī. Edited by Muḥammad Rawshan. 3rd edition. Tehran: Alburz, 1373 Sh.
  • Ḥāfiẓ Abrū, ʿAbd Allāh b. Luṭf Allāh. Jughrāfīyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ Abrū. Edited by Ṣādiq Sajādī. Tehran: Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1375 Sh.
  • Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Muʿjam al-buldān. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995.
  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, Ṣafīī al-dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin. Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Jayl, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī. Al-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, Muḥammad. Al-Munammaq fī akhbār Quraysh. Edited by Khurshīd Aḥmad Fārūq. Beirut: ʿĀlim al-Kutub, 1405 AH-1985.
  • Maqdisī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm. Cairo: Maktabat Madbūlī, 1411 AH.
  • Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh Ismāʿīl al-Ṣāwī. Cairo: Dār al-Ṣāwī, [n.d].
  • Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿadin al-jawhar. Edited by Asʿad Dāghir. Qom: Dār al-Hijra, 1409 AH.
  • Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn. 1st edition. Cairo: Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabīyya, 1424 AH.
  • Sakhāwī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Al-Baladāniyyāt. Edited by Ḥisām b. Muḥammad Quṭṭān. Riyadh: Dār al-ʿAṭā, 1422 AH.
  • Salāwī, Aḥmad. Al-Istiqṣāʾ li-akhbār al-duwal al-maghrib al-aqṣā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1428.
  • Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. al-. Al-Ansāb. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yaḥyā al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. 1st edition. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1382 AH/1962.
  • Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2006.
  • Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. 2nd edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH.
  • Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
  • Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.p].
  • Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn al-. Al-Aʿlām qāmus tarājum li ashhur al-rijāl wa al-nisāʾ min al-ʿarab wa al-mustaʿribīn wa al-mustashriqīn. 8th edition. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1989.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Yanbu&oldid=177708"