'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani
 | |
| Epithet | Sayyid al-Karim, Shah Abd al-Azim |
|---|---|
| Father | Abd Allah |
| Mother | Fatima |
| Birth | Rabi' II 4, 173/August 31, 789 |
| Place of Birth | Medina |
| Spouse(s) | Khadija bt. Qasim b. Hasan Amir |
| Children | Muhammad and Umm Salamah |
| Demise | Shawwal 15, 252/October 29, 866 |
| Place of Burial | Ray |
| Age | 79 |
Al-Sayyid ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Ḥasanī (السيد عبدالعظيم الحسني) (b. 173/789 - d. 252/866) also known as Sayyid al-Karīm (سید الکریم) and Shah ʿAbd al-ʿAzīm (شاه عبدالعظیم), is a renowned Hadith narrator and a member of the Imam al-Hasan (a) lineage. Al-Shaykh al-Saduq has compiled the hadiths he narrated in a collection titled Jami' akhbar Abd al-Azim. His teknonyms are "Abu l-Qasim" and "Abu l-Fath".
Before his demise, Abd al-Azim al-Hasani had the opportunity to meet Imam al-Rida (a), Imam al-Jawad (a), and Imam al-Hadi (a). His tomb is located in Ray, Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Some hadiths state that the reward for visiting his burial is equivalent to visiting Imam al-Husayn's tomb.
Birth and Lineage
"Abd al-Azim b. Abd Allah b. Ali b. al-Hasan b. Zayd b. al-Hasan b. Ali b. Abi Talib", Known as "Abd al-Azim al-Hasani", was born on Rabi' II 4, 173/August 31, 789, during the rule of Harun al-Rashid.[1] Although there are different opinions regarding his place of birth, he was most likely born in Medina.[2] His father was "Abd Allah b. Ali al-Qafa", and his mother was "Hifa' bt. Isma'il b. Ibrahim".[3] Al-Najashi says, "After Abd al-Azim al-Hasani passed away, a piece of writing was found in his clothes which read, 'I am Abu l-Qasim son of Ali son of Hasan son of Zayd son of Hasan son of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a).'"[4] " Muhaqqiq Mirdamad has written, "He ('Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani) has a clear lineage in the progeny of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)."[5]
Wife and Children
His wife, Khadija, was the daughter of his uncle, Qasim b. Hasan Amir, known as Abu Muhammad. His children are named Muhammad and Umm Salamah.[6] Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi wrote regarding 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani's son, "Muhammad was a noble man known for his piety and worship."[7]
Meeting the Imams (a)
Aqa Buzurg Tihrani says, "Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani had the opportunity to meet Imam al-Rida (a), Imam al-Jawad (a) and presented his beliefs to Imam al-Hadi (a) and passed away at his time."[8]
'Atarudi says that according to some reports, he had the opportunity to meet Imam al-Kazim (a), Imam al-Rida (a), Imam al-Jawad (a), and Imam al-Hadi (a).[9]
Ayatollah Khoei rejects that Abd al-Azim al-Hasani had the chance to meet Imam al-Rida (a).[10]
In his book of Rijal, al-Shaykh al-Tusi mentions him to be among the companions of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a).[11]
Living in the Era of Oppression
Abd al-Azim al-Hasani lived at the time of the Abbasids' oppression of the Shi'a - and like his fathers, was pursued for a long time. Although he practiced Taqiyya during his stay in Medina, Baghdad, and Samarra, he was especially disliked by Mutawakkil and Mu'tazz.[12]
Virtues and Position
Al-Allama al-Hilli describes Abd al-Azim al-Hasani as a very pious scholar.[13]
Muhaddith Nuri has quoted the following from the treatise of Sahib b. 'Ubbad regarding 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani:
- He was a pious man known for his trust-keeping, truthfulness and knowledge in religion; a believer in the Unity of God and Justice of God, and a narrator of many hadiths."[14]
In the Words of the Imams (a)
Imam al-Hadi (a) was once accompanied on a journey by Abd al-Azim al-Hasani and addressed him saying,
- O Abu al-Qasim! You indeed are our wali… you have received the religion from us which God loves… May God support you in this world and the hereafter."[15]
Their conversation is known as "Hadith Ard Din" [The representing the religion narration].
Scholarly Position
Abu Turab Ruyani says, "I heard from Abu Hammad Razi saying that, 'I went to Imam al-Hadi (a) and asked him about the permissibility and prohibition of some issues. When I was about to leave, he (a) said, 'If you have any questions about religious issues, you may ask them from 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani and say my greetings to him."[16]
Narrated Hadiths
There are more than 100 hadith narrated by Abd al-Azim al-Hasani in various hadith references. Sahib b. Ubbad says, "He [Abd al-Azim] has narrated many hadith and has usually narrated from Imam al-Jawad (a) and Imam al-Hadi (a)."[17]
Al-Shaykh al-Saduq has compiled a collection of hadith narrated by Abd al-Azim Hasani called Jami' akhbar Abd al-Azim.[18] In this collection, there are two hadiths narrated directly from Imam al-Rida (a), 26 from Imam al-Jawad (a), and nine from Imam al-Hadi (a). Sixty-five hadiths have been narrated indirectly from various Imams (a).
Abd al-Azim Hasani has compiled a work entitled Khutab Amir al-Mu'minin (a) (Sermons of Amir al-Mu'minin (a)).[19] He is also the author of Yawm wa laylah (Day and Night),[20] which contains practices and supplications for the day and the night narrated by the Imams (a).[21] Another attributed book to him is entitled "Riwayat 'Abd al-'Azim Hasani."
Traveling to Rey
There are conflicting reports about how Abd al-Azim al-Hasani ended up in Rey. Some believe he went to Rey to Hamza b. Musa b. Ja'far (a) on his way to visit The Shrine of Imam al-Rida (a) in Mashhad. Other reports say that he was ordered by Imam al-Hadi (a) to immigrate from Samarra to Rey due to the persecution and danger of being killed by the Abbasid Caliph Mu'tazz.[22]
According to Ahmad b. Ali al-Najashi,
- "Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khalid al-Barqi narrated the story as Abd al-Azim al-Hasani was escaping from the Sultan and came to Rey and stayed in the basement of a Shi'a in the neighborhood of Sikkat al-Mawali. He used to worship in that basement. He fasted during the day and worshiped at night. He stealthily came out at night and visited a grave he said was of one of the children of Musa b. Ja'far (a). He was always in that basement, and the news of his coming reached every Shi'a until they all knew him.'"[23]
Demise
It is reported that Abd al-Azim al-Hasani passed away on Shawwal 15, 252/October 29, 866, during Imam al-Hadi (a).[24] There are conflicting reports about the cause of his death. Fakhr al-Din al-Turayhi writes, "One of the children of Abu Talib was buried alive in Rey, and he was 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani."[25] However, Wa'iz Kujuri says, "I researched about 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani in the books of 'Rijal and Ansab'. I did not find any reliable report about his martyrdom."[26] And finally, Najashi reports that "'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani became ill and passed away."[27]
The Reward of Visiting His Grave
Al-Shaykh al-Saduq has narrated that a man from Rey came to Imam Ali al-Naqi (a) and said, "I went to visit Imam al-Husayn's (a) holy shrine." Imam (a) told him, "If one visits 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani's grave near you, it would be as if he visits Imam al-Husayn (a) in Karbala."[28]
List of Figures Buried in The Holy Shrine of 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani
Famous figures like Imamzadas, scholars, and influential Shia figures are buried in the shrine of 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani in the city of Ray. The names and biographies of the figures buried in this holy shrine are given in the book Scholars and great figures of the Shrine of Abd al-Azim al-Hasani and the City of Ray published by Dar al-Hadith.
Notes
- ↑ Āqā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 7, p. 169.
- ↑ Bar āstān-i karāmat, p. 5.
- ↑ Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib, p. 94.
- ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 248.
- ↑ Mīrdāmād, al-Rawāshih al-samāwīyya, p. 86.
- ↑ Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib, p. 94.
- ↑ Qummī, Muntahā l-āmāl, vol. 1, p. 585.
- ↑ Āqā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 7, p. 190.
- ↑ ʿAṭārudī, ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Ḥasanī, p. 37.
- ↑ Khoei, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 11, p. 53.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, p. 401.
- ↑ Bar āstān-i kirāmat, p. 7.
- ↑ Ḥillī, Khulāṣat al-aqwāl, p. 226.
- ↑ Nūrī, Khātimat mustadrak al-wasāʾil, vol. 4, p. 404.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, al-Amālī, p. 419-420; Fattāl al-Niyshābīrī, Rawḍat al-wāʾiẓīn, p. 31-32.
- ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, vol. 17, p. 321.
- ↑ ʿAṭārudī, Musnad al-Imām al-Jawād, p. 302.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, al-Hidāya, p. 174.
- ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl, p. 247.
- ↑ Āqā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 7, p. 190.
- ↑ Wāʿīẓ Kujūrī, Junnat al-naʿīm, vol. 5, p. 182.
- ↑ Wāʿīẓ Kujūrī, Junnat al-naʿīm, vol. 4, p. 131.
- ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 248.
- ↑ Āqā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 7, p. 290.
- ↑ Ṭurayḥī, al-Muntakhab, p. 8.
- ↑ Wāʿīẓ Kujūrī, Junnat al-naʿīm, vol. 5, p. 360.
- ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 248.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Thawāb al-aʿmāl, p. 99.
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