Al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa (Arabic: العتبات المقدسه, lit. the Holy Doorsteps) are holy shrines of Shi'a Imams in Iraq including Najaf, Karbala, Kadhimiya, and Samarra. These cities are also called al-ʿAtabāt al-ʿAliyāt (Arabic: العتبات العالیات, literally: the Exalted Doorsteps). The importance of these cities is because of the six Imams (a) of Shi'a buried there. These cities are among the major destinations of ziyarah and holy cities for Shi'a.
Najaf
Najaf is the capital of Najaf Province, one of the holiest Shi'a cities and the center of Shiite political power in Iraq. The shrine of Imam 'Ali (a) is located in this city, and Islamic Seminary of Najaf is one of the most important Shi'a seminaries. Kufa, the site of several Shi'a shrines and mosques, is located ten kilometres away from the city and is now integrated into the city.
Karbala
Karbala is the place of occurring the Battle of 'Ashura and all the martyrs of the battle are buried there. The most important shrines and graves of the city are the holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a) which is also known as al-Ha'ir al-Husayni, and the shrine of Abu l-Fadl al-'Abbas (a). The grave of 'Ali Akbar (a) and other Martyrs of Karbala are located in the shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a).
In al-Intifada al-Sha'baniyya, the shrines of Imam Ali (a), Imam al-Husayn (a) and Abbas (a) were damaged and afterwards were closed for six months.[1]
Kadhimiya
Kadhimiya is located at the bank of Tigris toward Baghdad. This city is the place where Imam al-Kazim (a), the seventh Imam of Shi'a, and Imam al-Jawad (a), the ninth Imam of Shi'a are buried.
Samarra
Two other Imams of Shi'a are buried in Samarra: The tenth Imam of Shi'a, Imam al-Hadi (a) and the eleventh Imam of Shi'a, Imam al-'Askari (a).
Note
- ↑ Āl Ṭuʿma, al-Intifāḍa al-shaʿbāniya fī Karbalā, p. 47.
References
- Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad al-Ṣaqar. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
- Āl Ṭuʿma, Salmān Hādī. Al-Intifāḍa al-shaʿbāniya fī Karbalā. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Takhaṣṣuṣī-yi Tārīkh-i Islām wa Iran, 1433 AH.
- Āl Ṭuʿma, Salmān Hādī. Tārīkh marqad al-Ḥusayn wa al-ʿAbbās. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlamī, 1416 AH.
- ʿAmalīyāt-i bāzsāzī-yi Gunbad-i ḥaram-i Imāmayn-i ʿAskariyayn pāyān yāft. (The reconstruction of the dome of the shrine of al-'Askariyyayn was completed). Retrieved: 2021/06/17.
- Dādfar, Sajjād. Taʾammulī bar naqsh-i zaʾirān-i Irānī dar runaq-i iqtiṣādī-yi ʿatabāt. Tārīkh-i Rawābiṭ-i Khārijī, No 42, Spring 1389 Sh.
- Darbāra-yi sitād-i bāzsāzi-yi ʿatabāt ʿāliyāt. Site-i sitād-i bāzsāzi-yi ʿatabāt ʿāliyāt. (ʿAtabāt ʿĀliyāt Reconstruction Headquarters). Retrieved: 2021/06/17.
- Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385 AH.
- Khāmayār, Aḥmad. Takhrīb-i ziyāratgāh-hāyi Islāmī dar kishwarhā-yi ʿArabī. Qom: Dār al-Aʿlām li Madrisat al-Ahl al-Bayt, 1393 Sh.
- Kāzimi Diligāni, Maryam. Iqdāmāt-i ʿimrānī-yi shāhān-i Ṣafawī dar ʿatabāt ʿāliyāt. Tārīkh-i Islām, No 29, 1386 Sh.
- Musāḥib, Ghulām Ḥusayn. Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif Fārsī. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1363 Sh.
- Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ʿAtabāt ālīyāt Irāq. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 Sh.
- Wahābiyān wa ḥamla bi Karbalā-yi Muʿallā. Farhang Ziyārat, No 9, Spring 1390 Sh.