Sariyya
Early Islam |
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Sarīyya (Arabic: سريَّة) is the kind of battles in which the Prophet (s) sent a group led by one of the companions but he (s) did not participate in them. Such battles are also called as Baʿth.
Meaning of the Word
There are two possibilities about the meaning of the word "Sariyya":
- An army of less than four hundred soldiers
- Those soldiers dispatched secretly.
It is said that the second meaning is not true since the word Sirr (Arabic: سِرّ, secret) is different from Sary (Arabic: سَري, the root form of Sariyya. In any case, Sariyya usually was a title for militia and minor attacks and operations.[1]
Number
Ibn Ishaq says, "The The Prophet's (s) Ba'aths and Sariyyas were thirty-eight." Al-Mas'udi quotes thirty-five Ba'ths and Sariyyas from some different authors, quotes forty-eight Sariyyas from al-Tabari and quotes sixty-six Sariyyas from some other authors. In I'lam al-wara, al-Tabrisi mentions thirty-six Sariyyas.[2]
Names and Historical Order
- Sariyya Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib towards the coast, 'Is region –in 2 A.H, after the battle of Abwa'/624.
- Sariyya 'Ubayda b. Harith b. Muttalib towards down the Thaniyyat al-Marra - in 2 A.H, after the battle of Abwa'/624.
- Sariyya Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas towards Kharrar, a basin in Juhfa – After Sariyya Hamza 2/624.
- Sariyya 'Umayr b. 'Uday – Ramadan 2/624
- Sariyya Salim b. 'Umayr to kill Abi 'Ifk – Shawwal 2/624
- Sariyya Muhammad b. Muslima to kill Ka'b b. Ashraf – Rabi' I 3/624
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Qirada – Jumada II 3/624
- Sariyya Marthad b. Abi Marthad Ghanawi: Sariyya "Raji'" – Safar 4/625[3]
- Sariyya Mundhur b. 'Amr: Sariyya Bi'r Ma'una – Safar 4/625[4]
- Sariyya Abu Salama b. 'Abd al-Asad toward Qatan – Muharram 4/625
- Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Unays Juhani to kill Sufyan b. Khalid b. Nabih hadhli Lahyani – Muharram 4/625
- Sariyya 'Amr b. Umayya Damri and Salama b. Aslam b. huraysh toward Mecca over Abu Sufyan – 4/625-6[5]
- Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward Sayf al-Bahr – Dhu al-Hijja 5/627[6]
- Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. 'Atik to kill Abu Rafi' Sallam b. Abi al-Haqiq – Ramadan 6/628
- Sariyya Muhammad b. Muslima toward Qarta' over Bani Bkr b. Kilab – Muharram 6/627
- Sariyya 'Umar b. al-Khattab from the battle of Lahyan over Qarra – Rabi' I 6/627
- Sariyya Hilal b. Harith Muzani from the battle of Lahyan over Bani Malik b. Fihr - Rabi' I 6/627
- Sariyya Bushr b. Suwayyid Juhani from the battle of Lahyan over Bani Harith b. Kinana – Rabi' I 6/627
- Sariyya Sa'd b. 'Ibada Juhani toward Ghamim – Rabi' I 6/627
- Sariyya 'Ukasha b. Muhsin Asadi to Ghamr, a basin belonged to Bani Asad - Rabi' I 6/627
- Sariyya Muhammad b. Muslima toward Dhi al-Qissa over Bani Tha'laba and Bani 'Awal – Rabi' II 6/627
- Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward Dhi al-Qissa over Bani Tha'laba and Bani 'Awal – Rabi' II 6/627
- Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward Dhi al-Qissa on the way of Iraq
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Jamum, the land of Bani Salim[7]
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward 'Is – Jumada I 6/627
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Turf – Jumada II 6/627
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Hismi over leprosy
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Madyan[8]
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Wadi al-Qura over Umm Qurfa – Rajab 6/627
- Sariyya 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) toward Fadak over Sa'd b. Bakr – Sha'ban 6/627
- Sariyya 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf toward Dumat al-Jandal over Bani Kalb - Sha'ban 6/627
- Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward two mounts Aja' and Salma[9]
- Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Wadi al-Qura – Ramadan 6/628
- Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha toward Khaybar[10]
- Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha toward Khaybar over the Jewish Yasir b. Razam – Shawwal 6/628
- Sariyya Kurz b. Jabir Fihri toward Dhi al-Jadr – Shawwal 6/628
- Sariyya 'Umar b. al-Khattab toward Turba – Sha'ban 7/628
- Sariyya Abu Bakr toward Najd over Bani Kilab – Sha'ban 7/628
- Sariyya Bashir b. Sa'd toward Fadak over Bani Marra – Sha'ban 7/628
- Sariyya Zubayr b. 'Awam toward Fadak over Bani Marra
- Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah laythi over Bani Tha'laba and Bani 'Awal – Ramadan 7/629
- Sariyya Bashir b. Sa'd toward Yemen and Jabbar at Khaybar[11]
- Sariyya Ibn Abi al-'Awja' over Bani Salim – Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
- Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad Aslami toward Ghaba - Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
- Sariyya Mahisa b. Mas'ud toward Fadak - Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
- Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad toward Idm - Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
- Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Laythi toward Kadid over Bani Mulawwah – Safar 8/629[12]
- Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Laythi toward Fadak over Bani Marra – Safar 8/629
- Sariyya Ka'b b. 'Umayr Ghifari toward Dhat Atlah in Levant – Rabi' I 8/629
- Sariyya Shuja' b. Wahb Asadi toward Si, a stream from Dhat 'Irq [river] – Rabi' I 8/629
- Sariyya 'Uyayna b. Hisn Fazari over Bani al-'Anbar
- Sariyya Qutba b. 'Amir b. Hadida toward Tabala over the tribe of Khash'am after the Sariyya Shuja' b. Wahb
- Sariyya Mu'ta – Jumada I 8/629
- Sariyya 'Amr b. 'As: Sariyya Dhat al-Salasil, a river other side of Wadi al-Qura over Bali and Quda'a – Jumada II 8/629
- Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah: Sariyya Khabt over Juhayna – Rajab 8/629
- Sariyya Abu Qatada b. Rib'i al-Ansari toward Khadra in Najd, House of Muharib, over Ghatfan – Sha'ban 8/629
- Sariyya Abu Qutada toward Batn Idm – Ramadan 8/629[13]
- Sariyya Khalid b. Walid to destroy the idol-house of 'Uzza[14]
- Sariyya Abu 'Amir Ash'ari toward Awtas – after the battle of Hunayn[15]
- Sariyya 'Amr b. 'As toward Ruhat to destroy the idol-house of Suwa' – Ramadan 8/629-30
- Sariyya Sa'd b. Zayd Ashhali toward Muthallal to destroy the idol-house of Manat - Ramadan 8/629-30
- Sariyya Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As toward 'Arana - Ramadan 8/629-30
- Sariyya Hisham b. 'As toward Yalamlam - Ramadan 8/629-30
- Sariyya Tufayl b. 'Amr Dawsi to destroy the idol-house of Dhi l-Kaffayn and the idol of 'Amr b. Humama Dawsi – Shawwal 8/630
- Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah over Bani Madlaj (after conquering Mecca)
- Sariyya 'Amr b. Umayya over Bani Hudhayl after conquering Mecca
- Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Suhayl b. 'Amr over Bani Ma'is and Muharib b. Fihr - after conquering Mecca
- Sariyya Khalid b. Walid over Bani Judhayma
- Sariyya Dahhak b. Sufyan Kilabi over Bani Kilab – Rabi' I 9/630
- Sariyyas in which Thumama b. Athal Hanafi was captured.[16]
- Sariyya 'Alqama b. Mujazziz Madlaji toward Shu'aybiyya harbor – Rabi' II 9/631
- Sariyya 'Ukasha b. Muhsin Asadi toward Janab, land of 'Adhira wa Bala - Rabi' II 9/630
- Sariyya 'Ali b. Abi Talib to destroy the idol-house of Fals belonged to Bani Tay' - Rabi' II 9/630
- Sariyya Khalid b. Walid toward Dawmat al-Jandal over Ukyad b. 'Abd al-Malik - Rabi' II 9/630
- Sariyya Khalid b. Walid over Bani Harith b. Ka'b - Rabi II or Jumada I 9/630
- Sariyya Usama b. Zayd toward Abna in Balqa' region - Safar 10/631
- Sariyya Khalid b. Walid over Bani 'Abd al-Madan in Najran – Rabi' I 10/631
- Sariyya 'Ali b. Abi Talib to Yemen – Ramadan 10/631[17]
- Sariyya Khalid b. Walid toward Yemen[18]
- Sariyya Usama b. Zayd toward Balqa', Adhra'at and Muta – Safar 11/632
- Sariyya Bani 'Abbas
Date | Name | Number of Muslims | Commander | Number of Enemies | Commander | Location | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2/624 Ramadan | Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib | 30 from Muhajirun | Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib | 300 cavalries | Abu Jahl b. Hisham | 'Is | No Battle |
2/624 Shawwal | 'Ubayda b. Harith b. 'Abd al-Muttalib | 60 or 80 from Muhajirun | 'Ubayda b. Harith | 200 cavalries & infantries | 'Ikrama b. Abi Jahl | Thaniyya al-mara | just one arrow was thrown by Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas |
2/624 Dhu l-Qa'da | Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas | 8 from Muhajirun | Sa'd b. Waqqas | Kharrar | Return. | ||
2/624 Rajab | 'Abd Allah b. Jahsh | 8 or 11 from Muhajirun | 'Abd Allah b. Jahsh | 4 | 'Amr b. al-Hadrami | Nakhla | 'Amr b. al-Hadrami was killid and two others and some goods were captured as slave and trophy. |
2/624 Ramadan | 'Umayr b. 'Adi | 1 | 'Asma' bt. Marwan | 'Asma' bt. Marwan was killid. | |||
2/624 Shawwal | Salim b. 'Umayr | 1 | Abu 'Afak | Abu 'Afak was killed. | |||
3/624 Rabi' I | Muhammad b. Maslama | 4 | Muhammad b. Muslima | Ka'b b. Ashraf | Ka'b b. Ashraf was killed. | ||
3/624 Jumada II | Zayd b. Haritha | 100 cavalries | Zayd b. Haritha | Quraysh convoy | Unknown | Qarada | 100000 dirham was captured as trophy and Furat b. Hayyan was arrested. |
4/625 Muharram | Abu Salama | 150 | Abu Salama | Tulayha & Salama | Qatan | 3 slaves and some sheep and camels as trophy. | |
4/625 Muharram | 'Abd Allah b. Unays | 1 | Sufyan b. Khalid b. Nubayh al-Hudhali | Nakhla | Sufyan b. Khalid b. Nubayh al-Hudhali was killed. | ||
4/625 Safar | Raji' | 6 or 10 | Marthad b. Abi Marthad | 'Adal & Qara | Raji' | Marthad and his followers were killed. | |
4/625 Safar | Bi'r Ma'una | 40 or 70 | Mundhir b. 'Amr Khazraji | 'Usayya & Ri'l & Dhakwan tribes | 'Amir b. Tufayl | Bi'r Ma'una | All Muslims except 'Amr b. Umayya Damri were killid. |
4/625 | 'Amr b. Umayya Damri | 2 | 'Amr b. Umayya Damri | Abu Sufyan | Mecca | Some polytheists were killed and one slave. | |
5/627 Dhu l-Qa'da | Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah Fihri | Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah Fihri | Sayf al-Bahr | ||||
6/627 Muharram | Muhammad b. Maslama | 30 cavalries | Muhammad b. Maslama | Qurata' tribe | Bakarat | Some polytheists were killed and 150 camels and 3000 sheep were captured as torphy. | |
6/627 Rabi' I | 'Ukasha | 40 infantries | 'Ukasha b. Muhsin | Bani Asad | Unknown | Ghamr | Bani Asad escaped and 200 camels were catched as trophy. |
6/627 Rabi' II | Muhammad b. Maslama | 10 | Muhammad b. Maslama | Bani Tha'laba & Bani 'Uwal | Unknown | Dhu l-Qassa | All Muslims were killed. |
6/627 Rabi' II | Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah | 40 | Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah | Bani Tha'laba & Bani 'Uwal | Unknown | Dhu l-Qassa | Some camels and sheep as trophy. |
6/627 Rabi' II | Zayd b. Haritha | 40 | Zayd b. Haritha | Bani Sulaym | Unknown | Jamum | Polytheists escaped and sheep were catched as trophy. |
6/627 Jumada I | Abu Bakr | 10 cavalries | Quraysh | Ghamim | Return | ||
6/627 Jumada I | 'Umar b. al-Khattab | Qara | Polytheists escapted. | ||||
6/627 Jumada I | Hilal b. Harith Muzani | Bani Malik b. Fihr | Polytheists escapted. | ||||
6/627 Jumada I | Bishr b. Suwaid Juhani | Bani Harith b. Kinani | |||||
6/627 Jumada II | Zayd b. Haritha | 170 cavalries | Zayd b. Haritha | Quraysh convey | Unknown | All convey and some including Abu l-'As b. Rabi' were captured as trophy. | |
6/627 Jumada II | Zayd b. Haritha | 15 | Zayd b. Haritha | Bani Sa'laba | Taraf | 20 camels as trophy | |
6/627 Jumada II | Zayd b. Haritha | 500 | Zayd b. Haritha | Judham | Hunayd and his son were killed. | ||
6/627 Rajab | Zayd b. Haritha | Bani Fazara | Wadi l-Qura | Some Muslims were killed. | |||
Zayd b. Haritha | Madyan | Some slaves | |||||
6/627 Sha'ban | 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf | 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf | Bani Kalb | Asbagh b. 'Amr Kalbi | Dawmat al-jandal | Bani Kalb accepted Islam. | |
6/627 Sha'ban | 'Ali b. Abi Talib | 100 | 'Ali b. Abi Talib | Bani Sa'd b. Bakr | Fadak | Bani Sa'd escaped and 500 camels and 2000 sheep were captured. | |
6/628 Ramadan | Zayd b. Haritha | Zayd b. Haritha | Badr tribe | Umm Qarnad | Wadi l-Qura | Some were captured as slave. | |
6/628 Ramadan | 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha | 3 | 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha | Khiybar | Khiybar | Intelligence operation | |
6/628 Shawwal | 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha | 30 | 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha | Yusayr b. Rizam's tribe | Jews were killed. | ||
6/628 Shawwal | Kurz b. Jabir Fihri | 20 | Kurz b. Jabir Fihri | 8 from Bajila tribe | Jamma' | Those 8 were killed. | |
7/628 Sha'ban | Turaba | 30 | 'Umar b. al-Khattab | Hawzan tribe | 'Abla' | Hawzan escaped and Muslims Returned without any battle. | |
7/628 Sha'ban | Najd | Abu Bakr | Bani Kilab b. Rabi'a | Dariyya | 7 polytheists were killed and one was captured as slave. | ||
7/628 Sha'ban | Bashir b. Sa'd | 30 | Bashir b. Sa'd | Bani Murra | Fadak | Muslims were killed except Bashir b. Sa'd. | |
Zubayr b. 'Awam | 200 | Zubayr b. 'Awam or Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | Bani Murra | ||||
7/629 Ramadan | Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | 130 | Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | Bani 'Uwal & Bani 'Abd b. Tha'laba | Mayfa'a | Some polytheists were killed and some camel and sheep were captured as trophy. | |
7/629 Shawwal | Bashir b. Sa'd Ansari | 300 | Bashir b. Sa'd Ansari | Ghatfan tribe | Yumn & Jubar | Two slaves and lots of animals as torphy. | |
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja | Ibn Abi l-'Awja' | 50 | Ibn Abi l-'Awja' | Bani Sulaym | Because of some spies all Muslims were killed except Ibn Abi l-'Awja'. | ||
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja | 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad | 3 | 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad | many | Rifa'a b. Zayd Jushami | Ghaba | Rifa'a b. Zayd Jushami was assassinated and some camel and sheep were captured as trophy. |
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja | Muhayyisa b. Mas'ud | Fadak | |||||
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja | 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad | Idam | |||||
8/629 Safar | Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | Bani Malawwah | Kadid | Some polytheists were killed and some animals were captured as torphy. | ||
8/629 Safar | Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | 200 | Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | Bani Murra | Fadak | Some polytheists were killed and some animals were captured as torphy. | |
8/629 Rabi' I | Ka'b b. 'Umayr Ghifari | 15 | Dhat Atlah | All Muslims were killed except one. | |||
8/629 Rabi' I | Shuja' b. Wahb | 24 | Shuja' b. Wahb | Hawzan | Siyy | Lots of animals were captured as torphy. | |
Qutba b.'Amir | 20 | Qutba b.'Amir | Khath'am | Tabala | Some animals were captured as torphy. | ||
8/629 Jumada I | Muta | 3000 | Zayd b. Haritha | Romans and Arabs | Heraclius | Balqa' | 17 of Muslims including Ja'far b. Abi Talib & Zayd b. Haritha & 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha were martyred. Some of enemies were killed. |
8/629 Jumada II | Dhat al-Salsal | 500 | 'Amr b. 'As | Quda'a | Baliyy & 'Udhra & Balqayn region | Defeating polytheists. | |
8/629 Rajab | Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah | 300 | Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah | Juhayna | Qabaliyya | Without any battle | |
8/629 Sha'ban | Abu Qatada b. Rib'i | 15 | Abu Qatada b. Rib'i | Bani Ghatafan | Some polytheists were killed and 200 camels and 2000 sheep were captured. | ||
8/629-30 Ramadan | Abu Qatada b. Rib'i | 8 | Abu Qatada b. Rib'i | Batn Idam | |||
8/629-30 Ramadan | Khalid b. Walid | 30 cavalries | Khalid b. Walid | Nakhla Yamaniyya | 'Uzza idol was destroyed. | ||
8/629-30 Ramadan | 'Amr b. 'As | Ruhat | Suwa' idol was destroyed. | ||||
8/629-30 Ramadan | Sa'd b. Zayd Ashhali | 20 cavalries | Sa'd b. Zayd Ashhali | Mushallal | Manat idol was destroyed. | ||
8/629-30 Ramadan | Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As | 300 | Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As | 'Urna | |||
8/629-30 Ramadan | Hisham b. 'AS | 200 | Hisham b. 'As | Yalamlam | |||
8/630 | Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah | Bani Mudlij | |||||
8/630 | 'Amr b. Umayya Damri | Bani Dayl | |||||
8/630 | 'Abd Allah b. Suhayl | 500 | 'Abd Allah b. Suhayl | Bani Ma'is & Muharib b. Fihr | They accepted Islam. | ||
8/630 | Numayla b. 'Abd Allah Laythi | Bani Damra | |||||
8/630 Shawwal | Khalid b. Walid | 350 | Khalid b. Walid | Bani Jadhima | Ghumaysa' | Khalid, in contrary of the Prophet's order, killed some of them. | |
8/630 Shawwal | Abu 'Amir Ash'ari | Hawzan | Awtas | Abu 'Amir was martyred and polytheists were killed. | |||
8/630 Shawwal | Tufayl b. 'Amr Dawsi | Dhi l-Kaffayn idol was destroyed. | |||||
8/630 | Abu Sufyan | Ta'if | |||||
8/630 | 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) | Khash'am | Ta'if | 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) destroyed all idols. | |||
9/630 Muharram | 'Uyayna b. Hisn Fizazi | 50 cavalries | 'Uyayna b. Hisn Fizazi | Bani l-'Anbar | Suqya | 52 captives. | |
9/630 Rabi' I | Dahhak b. Sufyan Kilabi | Qurata' | Polytheists were killed. | ||||
Thumama b. Uthal Hanafi was captured. | |||||||
9/630 Rabi' II | 'Alqama b. Mujazzaz Mudliji | 300 | 'Alqama b. Mujazzaz | Some people of Habasha | Without any battle | ||
9/630 Rabi' II | 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) | 150 | 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) | Fols | Tayy tribe region | Fols idol was destroyed and some were captured and some camel and sheep were captured as trophy. | |
9/630 Rabi' II | 'Ukkasha b. Mihsan | 'Udhra & Baliyy | Jinab |
Definition of some Words
Al-Mas'udi wrote that,
- Sariyyas went out to fight in groups of three to five hundred people at night.
- Sawarib: groups of soldiers who went out on the day.
- Manasir: groups of more than five hundred people and less than eight hundred ones.
- Jaysh: an army which reached eight hundred solders.
- Khashkhash: groups of soldiers more than eight hundred and less than one thousand.
- Jaysh Azlam: an army, the number of whose soldiers reaches one thousand.
- Jaysh Jahfal: an army, the number of whose soldiers reaches four thousand.
- Jaysh Jarrar: an army, the number of whose soldiers reaches twelve thousand.
- When Sariyyas or Sawarib go out for war and divide in smaller groups, a group less than forty is called Jara'id, a group of more than forty and less the three hundred were called Maqanib and a group more than three hundred and less than five hundred was Jamarat. And if they sent forty, they called them 'Usaba.
- Katiba: an army which is gathered and does not scatter later.
- Hadira: a group of less than ten sent for war.
- Ar'an: unparalleled Grand Army.
- Khamis: A great army.[20]
Notes
- ↑ Ibn Athir, al-Nihaya, vol.2 p.159
- ↑ Al-Tabrisi, I'lam al-wara, p.69-70
- ↑ Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.174
- ↑ Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.170
- ↑ Mas'udi, al-Tanbih, p.213
- ↑ Mas'udi, al-Tanbih, p.217
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.284
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.312
- ↑ Mas'udi, al-Tanbih, p.218
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.292
- ↑ Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.335; Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.284
- ↑ Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.342-343; Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.282
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.296
- ↑ Halabi, al-Sira, vol.3 p.221
- ↑ Halabi, al-Sira, vol.3 p.225
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.315
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.319
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.319
- ↑ Ayati, Tarikh, p.192-510
- ↑ Ayati, Tarikh, p.283
References
- The material for this article is mainly taken from سریه in Farsi WikiShia.
- Ayati, Muhammad Ibrahim. Tarikh-i payambar-i Islam. Tehran: Tehran Universiy, 1378
- Halabi, 'Ali b. Ibrahim al-. Al-Sira al-halabiyya.
- Ibn Athir, Mubarak b. Muhammad. Al-Nihaya fi gharib al-hadith wa l-athar. Qom: Isma'iliyan, 1376
- Ibn Ishaq. Sirat al-nabiyy. Mustafa al-Halabi, 1355
- Mas'udi, 'Ali b. Husayn al-. Al-Tanbih wa l-Ishraf. Tehran: Intishart-i 'Ilmi Farhangi, 1356
- Miqrizi, Ahamd b. 'Ali al-. Imta' al-asma' . Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya
- Tabrisi, al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-. I'lam al-wara bi a'lam al-huda. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, 1399