Sariyya

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Early Islam

Sarīyya (Arabic: سريَّة) is the kind of battles in which the Prophet (s) sent a group led by one of the companions but he (s) did not participate in them. Such battles are also called as Baʿth.

Meaning of the Word

There are two possibilities about the meaning of the word "Sariyya":

  • An army of less than four hundred soldiers
  • Those soldiers dispatched secretly.

It is said that the second meaning is not true since the word Sirr (Arabic: سِرّ, secret) is different from Sary (Arabic: سَري, the root form of Sariyya. In any case, Sariyya usually was a title for militia and minor attacks and operations.[1]

Number

Ibn Ishaq says, "The The Prophet's (s) Ba'aths and Sariyyas were thirty-eight." Al-Mas'udi quotes thirty-five Ba'ths and Sariyyas from some different authors, quotes forty-eight Sariyyas from al-Tabari and quotes sixty-six Sariyyas from some other authors. In I'lam al-wara, al-Tabrisi mentions thirty-six Sariyyas.[2]

Names and Historical Order

  1. Sariyya Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib towards the coast, 'Is region –in 2 A.H, after the battle of Abwa'/624.
  2. Sariyya 'Ubayda b. Harith b. Muttalib towards down the Thaniyyat al-Marra - in 2 A.H, after the battle of Abwa'/624.
  3. Sariyya Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas towards Kharrar, a basin in Juhfa – After Sariyya Hamza 2/624.
  4. Sariyya 'Umayr b. 'Uday – Ramadan 2/624
  5. Sariyya Salim b. 'Umayr to kill Abi 'Ifk – Shawwal 2/624
  6. Sariyya Muhammad b. Muslima to kill Ka'b b. Ashraf – Rabi' I 3/624
  7. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Qirada – Jumada II 3/624
  8. Sariyya Marthad b. Abi Marthad Ghanawi: Sariyya "Raji'" – Safar 4/625[3]
  9. Sariyya Mundhur b. 'Amr: Sariyya Bi'r Ma'una – Safar 4/625[4]
  10. Sariyya Abu Salama b. 'Abd al-Asad toward Qatan – Muharram 4/625
  11. Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Unays Juhani to kill Sufyan b. Khalid b. Nabih hadhli Lahyani – Muharram 4/625
  12. Sariyya 'Amr b. Umayya Damri and Salama b. Aslam b. huraysh toward Mecca over Abu Sufyan – 4/625-6[5]
  13. Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward Sayf al-Bahr – Dhu al-Hijja 5/627[6]
  14. Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. 'Atik to kill Abu Rafi' Sallam b. Abi al-Haqiq – Ramadan 6/628
  15. Sariyya Muhammad b. Muslima toward Qarta' over Bani Bkr b. Kilab – Muharram 6/627
  16. Sariyya 'Umar b. al-Khattab from the battle of Lahyan over Qarra – Rabi' I 6/627
  17. Sariyya Hilal b. Harith Muzani from the battle of Lahyan over Bani Malik b. Fihr - Rabi' I 6/627
  18. Sariyya Bushr b. Suwayyid Juhani from the battle of Lahyan over Bani Harith b. Kinana – Rabi' I 6/627
  19. Sariyya Sa'd b. 'Ibada Juhani toward Ghamim – Rabi' I 6/627
  20. Sariyya 'Ukasha b. Muhsin Asadi to Ghamr, a basin belonged to Bani Asad - Rabi' I 6/627
  21. Sariyya Muhammad b. Muslima toward Dhi al-Qissa over Bani Tha'laba and Bani 'Awal – Rabi' II 6/627
  22. Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward Dhi al-Qissa over Bani Tha'laba and Bani 'Awal – Rabi' II 6/627
  23. Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward Dhi al-Qissa on the way of Iraq
  24. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Jamum, the land of Bani Salim[7]
  25. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward 'Is – Jumada I 6/627
  26. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Turf – Jumada II 6/627
  27. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Hismi over leprosy
  28. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Madyan[8]
  29. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Wadi al-Qura over Umm Qurfa – Rajab 6/627
  30. Sariyya 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) toward Fadak over Sa'd b. Bakr – Sha'ban 6/627
  31. Sariyya 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf toward Dumat al-Jandal over Bani Kalb - Sha'ban 6/627
  32. Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah toward two mounts Aja' and Salma[9]
  33. Sariyya Zayd b. Haritha toward Wadi al-Qura – Ramadan 6/628
  34. Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha toward Khaybar[10]
  35. Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha toward Khaybar over the Jewish Yasir b. Razam – Shawwal 6/628
  36. Sariyya Kurz b. Jabir Fihri toward Dhi al-Jadr – Shawwal 6/628
  37. Sariyya 'Umar b. al-Khattab toward Turba – Sha'ban 7/628
  38. Sariyya Abu Bakr toward Najd over Bani Kilab – Sha'ban 7/628
  39. Sariyya Bashir b. Sa'd toward Fadak over Bani Marra – Sha'ban 7/628
  40. Sariyya Zubayr b. 'Awam toward Fadak over Bani Marra
  41. Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah laythi over Bani Tha'laba and Bani 'Awal – Ramadan 7/629
  42. Sariyya Bashir b. Sa'd toward Yemen and Jabbar at Khaybar[11]
  43. Sariyya Ibn Abi al-'Awja' over Bani Salim – Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
  44. Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad Aslami toward Ghaba - Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
  45. Sariyya Mahisa b. Mas'ud toward Fadak - Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
  46. Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad toward Idm - Dhu al-Hijja 7/629
  47. Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Laythi toward Kadid over Bani Mulawwah – Safar 8/629[12]
  48. Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Laythi toward Fadak over Bani Marra – Safar 8/629
  49. Sariyya Ka'b b. 'Umayr Ghifari toward Dhat Atlah in Levant – Rabi' I 8/629
  50. Sariyya Shuja' b. Wahb Asadi toward Si, a stream from Dhat 'Irq [river] – Rabi' I 8/629
  51. Sariyya 'Uyayna b. Hisn Fazari over Bani al-'Anbar
  52. Sariyya Qutba b. 'Amir b. Hadida toward Tabala over the tribe of Khash'am after the Sariyya Shuja' b. Wahb
  53. Sariyya Mu'ta – Jumada I 8/629
  54. Sariyya 'Amr b. 'As: Sariyya Dhat al-Salasil, a river other side of Wadi al-Qura over Bali and Quda'a – Jumada II 8/629
  55. Sariyya Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah: Sariyya Khabt over Juhayna – Rajab 8/629
  56. Sariyya Abu Qatada b. Rib'i al-Ansari toward Khadra in Najd, House of Muharib, over Ghatfan – Sha'ban 8/629
  57. Sariyya Abu Qutada toward Batn Idm – Ramadan 8/629[13]
  58. Sariyya Khalid b. Walid to destroy the idol-house of 'Uzza[14]
  59. Sariyya Abu 'Amir Ash'ari toward Awtas – after the battle of Hunayn[15]
  60. Sariyya 'Amr b. 'As toward Ruhat to destroy the idol-house of Suwa' – Ramadan 8/629-30
  61. Sariyya Sa'd b. Zayd Ashhali toward Muthallal to destroy the idol-house of Manat - Ramadan 8/629-30
  62. Sariyya Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As toward 'Arana - Ramadan 8/629-30
  63. Sariyya Hisham b. 'As toward Yalamlam - Ramadan 8/629-30
  64. Sariyya Tufayl b. 'Amr Dawsi to destroy the idol-house of Dhi l-Kaffayn and the idol of 'Amr b. Humama Dawsi – Shawwal 8/630
  65. Sariyya Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah over Bani Madlaj (after conquering Mecca)
  66. Sariyya 'Amr b. Umayya over Bani Hudhayl after conquering Mecca
  67. Sariyya 'Abd Allah b. Suhayl b. 'Amr over Bani Ma'is and Muharib b. Fihr - after conquering Mecca
  68. Sariyya Khalid b. Walid over Bani Judhayma
  69. Sariyya Dahhak b. Sufyan Kilabi over Bani Kilab – Rabi' I 9/630
  70. Sariyyas in which Thumama b. Athal Hanafi was captured.[16]
  71. Sariyya 'Alqama b. Mujazziz Madlaji toward Shu'aybiyya harbor – Rabi' II 9/631
  72. Sariyya 'Ukasha b. Muhsin Asadi toward Janab, land of 'Adhira wa Bala - Rabi' II 9/630
  73. Sariyya 'Ali b. Abi Talib to destroy the idol-house of Fals belonged to Bani Tay' - Rabi' II 9/630
  74. Sariyya Khalid b. Walid toward Dawmat al-Jandal over Ukyad b. 'Abd al-Malik - Rabi' II 9/630
  75. Sariyya Khalid b. Walid over Bani Harith b. Ka'b - Rabi II or Jumada I 9/630
  76. Sariyya Usama b. Zayd toward Abna in Balqa' region - Safar 10/631
  77. Sariyya Khalid b. Walid over Bani 'Abd al-Madan in Najran – Rabi' I 10/631
  78. Sariyya 'Ali b. Abi Talib to Yemen – Ramadan 10/631[17]
  79. Sariyya Khalid b. Walid toward Yemen[18]
  80. Sariyya Usama b. Zayd toward Balqa', Adhra'at and Muta – Safar 11/632
  81. Sariyya Bani 'Abbas


Date Name Number of Muslims Commander Number of Enemies Commander Location Result
2/624 Ramadan Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib 30 from Muhajirun Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib 300 cavalries Abu Jahl b. Hisham 'Is No Battle
2/624 Shawwal 'Ubayda b. Harith b. 'Abd al-Muttalib 60 or 80 from Muhajirun 'Ubayda b. Harith 200 cavalries & infantries 'Ikrama b. Abi Jahl Thaniyya al-mara just one arrow was thrown by Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas
2/624 Dhu l-Qa'da Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas 8 from Muhajirun Sa'd b. Waqqas Kharrar Return.
2/624 Rajab 'Abd Allah b. Jahsh 8 or 11 from Muhajirun 'Abd Allah b. Jahsh 4 'Amr b. al-Hadrami Nakhla 'Amr b. al-Hadrami was killid and two others and some goods were captured as slave and trophy.
2/624 Ramadan 'Umayr b. 'Adi 1 'Asma' bt. Marwan 'Asma' bt. Marwan was killid.
2/624 Shawwal Salim b. 'Umayr 1 Abu 'Afak Abu 'Afak was killed.
3/624 Rabi' I Muhammad b. Maslama 4 Muhammad b. Muslima Ka'b b. Ashraf Ka'b b. Ashraf was killed.
3/624 Jumada II Zayd b. Haritha 100 cavalries Zayd b. Haritha Quraysh convoy Unknown Qarada 100000 dirham was captured as trophy and Furat b. Hayyan was arrested.
4/625 Muharram Abu Salama 150 Abu Salama Tulayha & Salama Qatan 3 slaves and some sheep and camels as trophy.
4/625 Muharram 'Abd Allah b. Unays 1 Sufyan b. Khalid b. Nubayh al-Hudhali Nakhla Sufyan b. Khalid b. Nubayh al-Hudhali was killed.
4/625 Safar Raji' 6 or 10 Marthad b. Abi Marthad 'Adal & Qara Raji' Marthad and his followers were killed.
4/625 Safar Bi'r Ma'una 40 or 70 Mundhir b. 'Amr Khazraji 'Usayya & Ri'l & Dhakwan tribes 'Amir b. Tufayl Bi'r Ma'una All Muslims except 'Amr b. Umayya Damri were killid.
4/625 'Amr b. Umayya Damri 2 'Amr b. Umayya Damri Abu Sufyan Mecca Some polytheists were killed and one slave.
5/627 Dhu l-Qa'da Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah Fihri Abu 'Ubayda b. Jarrah Fihri Sayf al-Bahr
6/627 Muharram Muhammad b. Maslama 30 cavalries Muhammad b. Maslama Qurata' tribe Bakarat Some polytheists were killed and 150 camels and 3000 sheep were captured as torphy.
6/627 Rabi' I 'Ukasha 40 infantries 'Ukasha b. Muhsin Bani Asad Unknown Ghamr Bani Asad escaped and 200 camels were catched as trophy.
6/627 Rabi' II Muhammad b. Maslama 10 Muhammad b. Maslama Bani Tha'laba & Bani 'Uwal Unknown Dhu l-Qassa All Muslims were killed.
6/627 Rabi' II Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah 40 Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah Bani Tha'laba & Bani 'Uwal Unknown Dhu l-Qassa Some camels and sheep as trophy.
6/627 Rabi' II Zayd b. Haritha 40 Zayd b. Haritha Bani Sulaym Unknown Jamum Polytheists escaped and sheep were catched as trophy.
6/627 Jumada I Abu Bakr 10 cavalries Quraysh Ghamim Return
6/627 Jumada I 'Umar b. al-Khattab Qara Polytheists escapted.
6/627 Jumada I Hilal b. Harith Muzani Bani Malik b. Fihr Polytheists escapted.
6/627 Jumada I Bishr b. Suwaid Juhani Bani Harith b. Kinani
6/627 Jumada II Zayd b. Haritha 170 cavalries Zayd b. Haritha Quraysh convey Unknown All convey and some including Abu l-'As b. Rabi' were captured as trophy.
6/627 Jumada II Zayd b. Haritha 15 Zayd b. Haritha Bani Sa'laba Taraf 20 camels as trophy
6/627 Jumada II Zayd b. Haritha 500 Zayd b. Haritha Judham Hunayd and his son were killed.
6/627 Rajab Zayd b. Haritha Bani Fazara Wadi l-Qura Some Muslims were killed.
Zayd b. Haritha Madyan Some slaves
6/627 Sha'ban 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf Bani Kalb Asbagh b. 'Amr Kalbi Dawmat al-jandal Bani Kalb accepted Islam.
6/627 Sha'ban 'Ali b. Abi Talib 100 'Ali b. Abi Talib Bani Sa'd b. Bakr Fadak Bani Sa'd escaped and 500 camels and 2000 sheep were captured.
6/628 Ramadan Zayd b. Haritha Zayd b. Haritha Badr tribe Umm Qarnad Wadi l-Qura Some were captured as slave.
6/628 Ramadan 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha 3 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha Khiybar Khiybar Intelligence operation
6/628 Shawwal 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha 30 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha Yusayr b. Rizam's tribe Jews were killed.
6/628 Shawwal Kurz b. Jabir Fihri 20 Kurz b. Jabir Fihri 8 from Bajila tribe Jamma' Those 8 were killed.
7/628 Sha'ban Turaba 30 'Umar b. al-Khattab Hawzan tribe 'Abla' Hawzan escaped and Muslims Returned without any battle.
7/628 Sha'ban Najd Abu Bakr Bani Kilab b. Rabi'a Dariyya 7 polytheists were killed and one was captured as slave.
7/628 Sha'ban Bashir b. Sa'd 30 Bashir b. Sa'd Bani Murra Fadak Muslims were killed except Bashir b. Sa'd.
Zubayr b. 'Awam 200 Zubayr b. 'Awam or Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Bani Murra
7/629 Ramadan Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah 130 Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Bani 'Uwal & Bani 'Abd b. Tha'laba Mayfa'a Some polytheists were killed and some camel and sheep were captured as trophy.
7/629 Shawwal Bashir b. Sa'd Ansari 300 Bashir b. Sa'd Ansari Ghatfan tribe Yumn & Jubar Two slaves and lots of animals as torphy.
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja Ibn Abi l-'Awja' 50 Ibn Abi l-'Awja' Bani Sulaym Because of some spies all Muslims were killed except Ibn Abi l-'Awja'.
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad 3 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad many Rifa'a b. Zayd Jushami Ghaba Rifa'a b. Zayd Jushami was assassinated and some camel and sheep were captured as trophy.
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja Muhayyisa b. Mas'ud Fadak
7/629 Dhu l-Hijja 'Abd Allah b. Abi Hadrad Idam
8/629 Safar Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Bani Malawwah Kadid Some polytheists were killed and some animals were captured as torphy.
8/629 Safar Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah 200 Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Bani Murra Fadak Some polytheists were killed and some animals were captured as torphy.
8/629 Rabi' I Ka'b b. 'Umayr Ghifari 15 Dhat Atlah All Muslims were killed except one.
8/629 Rabi' I Shuja' b. Wahb 24 Shuja' b. Wahb Hawzan Siyy Lots of animals were captured as torphy.
Qutba b.'Amir 20 Qutba b.'Amir Khath'am Tabala Some animals were captured as torphy.
8/629 Jumada I Muta 3000 Zayd b. Haritha Romans and Arabs Heraclius Balqa' 17 of Muslims including Ja'far b. Abi Talib & Zayd b. Haritha & 'Abd Allah b. Rawaha were martyred. Some of enemies were killed.
8/629 Jumada II Dhat al-Salsal 500 'Amr b. 'As Quda'a Baliyy & 'Udhra & Balqayn region Defeating polytheists.
8/629 Rajab Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah 300 Abu 'Ubayd b. Jarrah Juhayna Qabaliyya Without any battle
8/629 Sha'ban Abu Qatada b. Rib'i 15 Abu Qatada b. Rib'i Bani Ghatafan Some polytheists were killed and 200 camels and 2000 sheep were captured.
8/629-30 Ramadan Abu Qatada b. Rib'i 8 Abu Qatada b. Rib'i Batn Idam
8/629-30 Ramadan Khalid b. Walid 30 cavalries Khalid b. Walid Nakhla Yamaniyya 'Uzza idol was destroyed.
8/629-30 Ramadan 'Amr b. 'As Ruhat Suwa' idol was destroyed.
8/629-30 Ramadan Sa'd b. Zayd Ashhali 20 cavalries Sa'd b. Zayd Ashhali Mushallal Manat idol was destroyed.
8/629-30 Ramadan Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As 300 Khalid b. Sa'id b. 'As 'Urna
8/629-30 Ramadan Hisham b. 'AS 200 Hisham b. 'As Yalamlam
8/630 Ghalib b. 'Abd Allah Bani Mudlij
8/630 'Amr b. Umayya Damri Bani Dayl
8/630 'Abd Allah b. Suhayl 500 'Abd Allah b. Suhayl Bani Ma'is & Muharib b. Fihr They accepted Islam.
8/630 Numayla b. 'Abd Allah Laythi Bani Damra
8/630 Shawwal Khalid b. Walid 350 Khalid b. Walid Bani Jadhima Ghumaysa' Khalid, in contrary of the Prophet's order, killed some of them.
8/630 Shawwal Abu 'Amir Ash'ari Hawzan Awtas Abu 'Amir was martyred and polytheists were killed.
8/630 Shawwal Tufayl b. 'Amr Dawsi Dhi l-Kaffayn idol was destroyed.
8/630 Abu Sufyan Ta'if
8/630 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) Khash'am Ta'if 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) destroyed all idols.
9/630 Muharram 'Uyayna b. Hisn Fizazi 50 cavalries 'Uyayna b. Hisn Fizazi Bani l-'Anbar Suqya 52 captives.
9/630 Rabi' I Dahhak b. Sufyan Kilabi Qurata' Polytheists were killed.
Thumama b. Uthal Hanafi was captured.
9/630 Rabi' II 'Alqama b. Mujazzaz Mudliji 300 'Alqama b. Mujazzaz Some people of Habasha Without any battle
9/630 Rabi' II 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) 150 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) Fols Tayy tribe region Fols idol was destroyed and some were captured and some camel and sheep were captured as trophy.
9/630 Rabi' II 'Ukkasha b. Mihsan 'Udhra & Baliyy Jinab

[19]

Definition of some Words

Al-Mas'udi wrote that,

  • Sariyyas went out to fight in groups of three to five hundred people at night.
  • Sawarib: groups of soldiers who went out on the day.
  • Manasir: groups of more than five hundred people and less than eight hundred ones.
  • Jaysh: an army which reached eight hundred solders.
  • Khashkhash: groups of soldiers more than eight hundred and less than one thousand.
  • Jaysh Azlam: an army, the number of whose soldiers reaches one thousand.
  • Jaysh Jahfal: an army, the number of whose soldiers reaches four thousand.
  • Jaysh Jarrar: an army, the number of whose soldiers reaches twelve thousand.
  • When Sariyyas or Sawarib go out for war and divide in smaller groups, a group less than forty is called Jara'id, a group of more than forty and less the three hundred were called Maqanib and a group more than three hundred and less than five hundred was Jamarat. And if they sent forty, they called them 'Usaba.
  • Katiba: an army which is gathered and does not scatter later.
  • Hadira: a group of less than ten sent for war.
  • Ar'an: unparalleled Grand Army.
  • Khamis: A great army.[20]

Notes

  1. Ibn Athir, al-Nihaya, vol.2 p.159
  2. Al-Tabrisi, I'lam al-wara, p.69-70
  3. Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.174
  4. Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.170
  5. Mas'udi, al-Tanbih, p.213
  6. Mas'udi, al-Tanbih, p.217
  7. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.284
  8. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.312
  9. Mas'udi, al-Tanbih, p.218
  10. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.292
  11. Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.335; Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.284
  12. Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.1 p.342-343; Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.282
  13. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.296
  14. Halabi, al-Sira, vol.3 p.221
  15. Halabi, al-Sira, vol.3 p.225
  16. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.315
  17. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.319
  18. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat al-nabiyy, vol.4 p.319
  19. Ayati, Tarikh, p.192-510
  20. Ayati, Tarikh, p.283

References

  • The material for this article is mainly taken from سریه in Farsi WikiShia.
  • Ayati, Muhammad Ibrahim. Tarikh-i payambar-i Islam. Tehran: Tehran Universiy, 1378
  • Halabi, 'Ali b. Ibrahim al-. Al-Sira al-halabiyya.
  • Ibn Athir, Mubarak b. Muhammad. Al-Nihaya fi gharib al-hadith wa l-athar. Qom: Isma'iliyan, 1376
  • Ibn Ishaq. Sirat al-nabiyy. Mustafa al-Halabi, 1355
  • Mas'udi, 'Ali b. Husayn al-. Al-Tanbih wa l-Ishraf. Tehran: Intishart-i 'Ilmi Farhangi, 1356
  • Miqrizi, Ahamd b. 'Ali al-. Imta' al-asma' . Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya
  • Tabrisi, al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-. I'lam al-wara bi a'lam al-huda. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, 1399