Al-Shahid al-Thani
| Personal Information | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Zayn al-Din b. Nur al-Din 'Ali b. Ahmad al-'Amili al-Juba'i |
| Well-Known Relatives | Al-'Allama al-Hilli, Abu Mansur Jamal al-Din Hasan |
| Birth | Shawwal 13, 911/March 9, 1506 |
| Residence | Jabal Amel, Demascus |
| Studied in | Jabal Amel, Damascus, Egypt, Iraq |
| Death | 965/1557 |
| Burial Place | His body was thrown to the sea |
| Scholarly Information | |
| Professors | 'Ali b. Ahmad al-'Amili (his father), 'Ali b. 'Abd al-'Ali al-Maysi, Al-Sayyid al-Hasan b. Ja'far al-Karaki, ... |
| Students | Husayn b. 'Abd al-Samad al-Harithi, Ali b. Zuhra al-Juba'i, Al-Sayyid Nur al-Din al-Karaki al-'Amili, ... |
| Works | Rawd al-jinan fi sharh Irshad al-Adhhan, Masalik al-afham fi sharh shara'i' al-Islam, Al-Rawda al-Bahiyya fi sharh al-Lum'a al-Dimashqiya, ... |
Zayn al-Dīn b. Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʾAḥmad al-ʿAmilī al-Jubaʿī (Arabic: زين الدين بن نورالدین علي بن أحمد العاملي الجُبَعي) (b. 911/1506 - d. 965/1557) known as al-Shahīd al-Thānī (الشهيد الثاني) is a descendant of al-'Allama al-Hilli and a grand Shi'a scholar and faqih in the 10th/16th century. Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharh al-lum'a al-dimashqiyya is the greatest works of him in fiqh. He was martyred in 965/1557. He was a widely traveled man and he studied under numerous teachers. He also taught a large number of students in his life.
Birth
Al-Shahid al-Thani was born in Shawwal 13, 911/March 9, 1506 in a village called Juba' which is in Jabal Amil of Lebanon.[1]
Family
Because family members of al-Shahid al-Thani were all among Shi'a scholars, their family was known as Silsilat al-Dhahab (the golden chain):
- Shaykh Nur al-Din 'Ali, his father was a scholar of his time;
- Hasan b. Zayn al-Din al-'Amili, known as "Sahib al-Ma'alim" (the author of al-Ma'alim), his son;
- Sayyid Muhammad al-Musawi al-'Amili known as "Sahib al-Madarik" (the author of al-Madarik), his maternal grandson;
- Shaykh 'Ali and Shaykh Zayn al-Din, the children of Abu Mansur Jamal al-Din Hasan and the grandchildren of al-Shahid al-Thani;[2]
- Al-Sadr family including Al-Sayyid Hasan al-Sadr (author of Ta'sis al-Shi'a), Al-Sayyid Musa al-Sadr, Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his martyred sister, Bint al-Huda al-Sadr were all descendants of al-Shahid al-Thani.[3]
Education
When al-Shahid al-Thani was nine, he had learned reciting the holy Quran before he started his education. 'Ali ibn Ahmad al-'Amili, his father, was the first one who taught him. Al-Shahid al-Thani learned Arabic literature, Al-Mukhtasar al-Nafi' (by al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli) and al-Lum'a al-Dimashqiyya (by al-Shahid al-Awwal) and other different books from his father.
After his father passed away in 925/1519, he moved to Mays, a village in Jabal Amel, and learned from 'Ali b. 'Abd al-'Ali al-Maysi for eight years. He studied Shara'i' al-Islam (by al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli), Irshad al-adhhan and Qawa'id al-Ahkam (both by al-'Allama al-Hilli) on fiqh under al-Maysi.[4]
Travels
Al-Shahid al-Thani had numerous travels in order to learn from a large number of scholars of the time.
After he went to Jabal Amil, he traveled to Karak Nuh to learn Arabic grammar and usul al-fiqh from al-Sayyid Ja'far al-Karaki.[5] After three years, he moved to Damascus to study philosophy and medicine under Shaykh Muhammad b. Makki[6]. He also studied Al-Shatibiyyah under Shaykh Ahmad al-Jabir.[7] While he was in Damascus he learned Sahih Muslim and Sahih al-Bukhari under Shams al-Din b. Tulun.[8]
In 942/1535-6 he moved to Egypt, where he learned usul al-fiqh, geometry, prosody, medicine, tafsir and logic from sixteen different teachers and scholars.
Al-Shahid al-Thani performed pilgrimage to Mecca in 944/1538 and visited the holy shrines of Iraq in 946/1539-40; he was living in Juba' in those years.[9]
He traveled to Bayt al-Maqdis and obtain a permission to transmit hadith from al-Shaykh Shams al-Din b. Abu l-Latif al-Maqdisi.[10]
In 949/1542-3 he traveled to Constantinople,[11] where he gave a treatise (on ten knowledges) to Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Qadizada al-Rumi. After a meeting between them, al-Rumi proposed a teaching position in every school he wants. After doing istikhara, al-Shahid al-Thani chose Nuriyya School in Baalbek. Then al-Rumi appointed him as the responsible of Nuriyya School.[12]
Al-Shahid al-Thani returned to Juba' after he had visited Shrines of Imams in 953/1546-7 He settled there for the rest of his life and dedicated his time to teaching and writing.[13]
Teachers
- Nur al-Din 'Ali b. Ahmad al-'Amili al-Juba'i, his father (d. 925/1519)
- Al-Shaykh 'Ali b. 'Abd al-'Ali al-Maysi (d. 938/1531-2)
- Shaykh Muhammad b. Makki (philosopher in Damascus)
- Al-Sayyid Hasan b. Ja'far al-Karaki (in Karak Nuh)
- Shams al-Din b. Tulun al-Dimashqi (in Damascus)
- Al-Shaykh Abu l-Hasan al-Bakri
- Al-Shaykh Abu l-Latif al-Maqdisi
- Mulla Hasan Jurjani
- Mulla Muhammad Astarabadi
- Mulla Muhammad 'Ali jilani
- Shahab al-Din ibn al-Najjar al-Hanbali
- Zayn al-Din al-Hurri al-Maliki
- Al-Shaykh Nasir al-Din al-Talawi al-Kafhami[14]
Scientific Authority
When al-Shahid al-Thani settled in Baalbek, a large number of scholars and intellectuals came to learn from him. Because of his vast knowledge about the Islamic sects, he conducted comprehensive classes in fiqh and beliefs according to the five schools of thought in Islam: Ja'fari, Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafi'i and Maliki. People also found the answer of their questions in religious matters.[15]
Students
- Nur al-Din 'Ali b. al-Husayn al-Musavi al-'Amili, his son-in-law
- Al-Sayyid 'Ali al-Husayni al-Jazini al-'Amili, known as Al-Sa'igh
- Husayn b. 'Abd al-Samad al-Harithi, Shaykh Baha'i's father
- Ali b. Zuhra al-Juba'i
- Al-Sayyid Nur al-Din al-Karaki al-'Amili
- Baha' al-Din Muhammad b. 'Ali al-'Awdi al-Jazini, known as Ibn al-'Awdi
- Al-Shaykh Muhyi al-Din b. Ahmad al-Maysi
- Al-Sayyid 'Izz al-Din Husayn b. Abu l-Hasan al-'Amili
- Al-Shaykh Taj al-Din b. Hilal al-Jaza'iri[16]
Works
Al-Shahid al-Thani has authored many books, the best-known of which are Al-Rawda al-Bahiyya fi sharh al-Lum'a al-Dimashqiya, Masalik al-afham fi sharh shara'i' al-Islam, and Rawd al-jinan fi sharh Irshad al-Adhhan.
Martyrdom
After al-Shahid al-Thani judged a dispute, he was summoned by Sultan. He asked to make a pilgrimage to Mecca before visiting Sultan. On the way back to Constantinople and before meeting the Sultan, he was beheaded by the sea without Sultan's order. His body was left there and then thrown to the sea. He was martyred in 955/1548-9, but al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin mentioned his death in 965/1557.[17]
Quotations on Him
Al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili said on al-Shahid al-Thani: "His personality was famous for reliability, knowledge, virtuousness, worship, research, high status and other countless admirable characteristics."[18]
Mustafa b. al-Husayn Tafrishi, a Shi'a scholar in rijal said: "al-Shahid al-Thani was a glorious figure among Shi'a Muslims and reliable scholars; he was a knowledgeable figure whose writings lack mistakes."[19]
See Also
Notes
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 143; Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, vol. 3, p. 64.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 144.
- ↑ Dawānī, Mafākhir-i Islām, vol. 4, p. 484.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 147.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 147.
- ↑ Not to be mistaken with al-Shahid al-Awwal
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 147-148.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 148.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 148-150.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 150
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 150-151.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 151.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 153.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 153-154.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 153.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 154.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 157.
- ↑ Ḥurr al-'Āmili, Amal al-'āmil, v. 8 p. 87
- ↑ Tafrashi, Naqd al-Rijal, v. 2 p. 292
References
- Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin. Aʿyān al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dāt al-Taʿāruf, 1406 AH.
- Āqā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1403 AH.
- Dawānī, ʿAlī. Mafākhir-i Islām. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1364 Sh.
- Ḥurr al-'Āmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Amal al-'āmil. Baghdad: Maktabat al-Āndulus, n.d.
- Tafrashi, Mustafa b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Naqd al-Rijal. Qom: Āl al-Bayt, 1418 AH.
- Ziriklī, Khayr al-Din b. Maḥmūd al-.Al-Aʿlām. Fifteenth edition. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Mullayīn, 2002.