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Thaniyyat al-Wada

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Thaniyyat al-Wadāʿ (Arabic: ثَنِیَّة الْوَداع, lit. the Pass of Farewell) was a place overlooking Medina where travelers were seen off and welcomed. This place was located at a distance of one kilometer from al-Masjid al-Nabawi. Thaniyyat al-Wada' was known as the exit route from Medina towards Syria (north of Medina). Also, another area with the same name in the south of Medina has been mentioned, which is said to be the route through which Prophet Muhammad (s) entered upon his arrival in Medina. A poem was recited in welcome of the Prophet (s) in which this area is mentioned. Thaniyyat al-Wadāʿ has witnessed numerous historical events due to its geographical location.

Location

Thaniyyat al-Wada' was a place overlooking Medina[1] where travelers were seen off and welcomed.[2] This place was located at a distance of about one kilometer from Al-Masjid al-Nabawi.[3] Thaniyyat al-Wada' was known as the exit route from Medina towards Syria (north of Medina).[4] According to Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-Amili (d. 1441/2019), the Prophet (s) also passed through this place in battles that went towards Syria.[5]

According to sources, there was another area called Thaniyyat al-Wada' on the southern route of Medina towards Mecca.[6] Prophet Muhammad (s) entered Medina from this area.[7] Also, a mosque named Thaniyyat al-Wada' Mosque in Medina has been mentioned.[8] Some sources have also mentioned an area in the city of Mecca with the same name.[9]

Reason for Naming

There is a difference of opinion regarding the reason for naming Thaniyyat al-Wada'. It is said that this place was the location for saying farewell to travelers before the Prophet's (s) migration to Medina, and for this reason, it was called by this name.[10] Also, the Prophet's farewell to commanders whom he sent to different regions for battle is mentioned as another reason for this naming.[11]

Some Sunni sources relate this naming to their belief in the prohibition of temporary marriage (mut'a); based on this belief, the Prophet's prohibition of mut'a and farewell to mut'a wives in this area caused this naming.[12] Some reports mention the occurrence of this event upon return from the Battle of Khaybar or Tabuk;[13] although the name Thaniyyat al-Wada' was common before these battles as well.[14]

Events

Thaniyyat al-Wada' has witnessed numerous historical events; Prophet Muhammad (s) was welcomed in this area after migrating from Mecca to Medina.[15] For the Prophet's arrival, a poem was recited which began with the hemistich "Ṭalaʿ al-badru ʿalaynā"[16] and in which the name of this area is mentioned.[17]

Thaniyyat al-Wada' is also mentioned in other events. The Prophet (s) accompanied the people he had sent for the Battle of Mu'ta up to this place and gave a speech for them there.[18] Also, the Muslim army gathered in this area when being dispatched to the Battle of Tabuk.[19] In the same place, the Prophet (s) bid farewell to Imam Ali (a), his successor in Medina during the Battle of Tabuk, and Ali (a) was affected by this farewell.[20]

Near this area, there was the tomb of al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, who rose against the Abbasids in the 2nd century/8th century, but traces of his grave have disappeared.[21]

Notes

  1. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 2, p. 86.
  2. ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 309.
  3. ↑ Kaʿkī, Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara, vol. 1, p. 38.
  4. ↑ Maqrīzī, Imtāʿ al-asmāʿ, vol. 8, p. 394.
  5. ↑ ʿĀmilī, al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī al-aʿẓam, vol. 4, p. 109.
  6. ↑ Ṣabrī Bāshā, Mawsūʿat mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn, vol. 3, p. 172; ʿĀmilī, al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī al-aʿẓam, vol. 4, p. 109.
  7. ↑ Ṣabrī Bāshā, Mawsūʿat mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn, vol. 3, p. 172.
  8. ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 309.
  9. ↑ Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, vol. 8, p. 387.
  10. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 2, p. 86.
  11. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 2, p. 86.
  12. ↑ Rabbānī, "Thaniyyat al-Wadāʿ", p. 606; Abū Yaʿlā al-Tamīmī, Musnad Abī Yaʿlā, vol. 11, p. 503.
  13. ↑ Ibn Shabba, Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Munawwara, p. 269.
  14. ↑ Maqrīzī, Imtāʿ al-asmāʿ, vol. 9, p. 202; Khiyārī, Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara, p. 176.
  15. ↑ Khiyārī, Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara, p. 176.
  16. ↑ Shuʿayb, Mirʾāt al-awliyāʾ, p. 81.
  17. ↑ Maqrīzī, Imtāʿ al-asmāʿ, vol. 9, p. 202.
  18. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 21, p. 60.
  19. ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 1, p. 292.
  20. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Amālī, p. 171.
  21. ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 309.

References

  • Abū Yaʿlā al-Tamīmī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Musnad Abī Yaʿlā. Damascus, Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1st ed, 1404 AH.
  • ʿĀmilī, Jaʿfar Murtaḍā... al-. al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī al-aʿẓam. Qom, Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1st ed, 1426 AH.
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 3rd ed, 1414 AH.
  • Ibn Shabba, ʿUmar. Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Munawwara. Jeddah, Nashr-i Sayyid Ḥabīb Maḥmūd Aḥmad, 1399 AH.
  • Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. Tehran, Nashr-i Mashʿar, 9th ed, 1387 Sh.
  • Kaʿkī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh. Edited by ʿUbayd Allāh Muḥammad Amīn Kurdī and Aḥmad Muḥammad Muḥammad Shaʿbān. Beirut, Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl, 2007.
  • Khiyārī, Aḥmad Yāsīn Aḥmad. Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan. Saudi Arabia, al-Amāna al-ʿĀmma li-l-Iḥtifāl bi-Murūr Miʾat ʿĀm ʿalā Taʾsīs al-Mamlaka, 1419 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir... al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 2nd ed, 1403 AH.
  • Maqrīzī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī... al-. Imtāʿ al-asmāʿ bi-mā li-l-Nabī min al-aḥwāl wa l-amwāl wa l-ḥafada wa l-matāʿ. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1st ed, 1420 AH.
  • Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm... al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Edited by Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Qom, Dār al-Kitāb, 3rd ed, 1404 AH.
  • Rabbānī, Abū l-Faḍl. "Thaniyyat al-Wadāʿ". In Dānishnāma-yi Ḥajj wa Ḥaramayn-i Sharīfayn. Vol. 5. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1395 Sh.
  • Ṣabrī Bāshā, Ayyūb. Mawsūʿat mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab. Translated by Mājida Maʿrūf, Ḥusayn Mujīb al-Miṣrī and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ʿAwaḍ. Cairo, Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabiyya, 2004.
  • Shuʿayb, Muḥammad. Mirʾāt al-awliyāʾ. Islamabad, Markaz-i Taḥqīqāt-i Fārsī-yi Īrān wa Pākistān, 1379 Sh.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan... al-. al-Amālī. Qom, Dār al-Thaqāfa, 1st ed, 1414 AH.
  • Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Shihāb al-Dīn. Muʿjam al-buldān. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 2nd ed, 1995.
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