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Iqamah

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Iqāmah (Arabic: الإقامة ) is a set of phrases recited after Adhan as an introduction for prayer. Reciting Iqamah is not compulsory before daily prayers, rather it is highly recommended and is one of the traditions of the Prophet (s).

The way Iqamah is recited differs slightly from the Adhan. In Iqamah, the Takbir is repeated twice at the beginning (compared to four times in the Adhan), and the final Tahlil is repeated once (instead of twice in the Adhan). Additionally, in Iqamah, the phrase 'Qad Qāmat al-Ṣalāh' is said twice, following 'Hayya 'ala Khair al-'Amal' and before the final Takbir and Tahlil, indicating that the prayer has been established. This phrase, however, is not found in the Adhan.

Parts and Phrases

Iqama according to Shia Jurisprudence
Recital Arabic Transliteration Translation
2x اللّٰهُ أكبَر Allāh-u ʾakbar Allah is the greatest
2x أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لا إلهَ إلّااللّٰهُ ashhad-u ʾan lā ilāh-a ʾillā Allāh I bear witness there is no deity but Allah
2x أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللّٰه ashhad-u ʾanna Muḥammad-an rasūl-u Allāh I bear witness Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah
2x أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَليّاً وَلِيُّ اللّٰه ashhad-u ʾanna 'Ali-yyan wali-u Allah I bear witness Ali (a) is the vicegerent of Allah
2x حَيَّ على الصَّلاةِ ḥayya ʿala ṣ-ṣalāh Hurry toward prayer
2x حَيَّ على الفَلاحِ ḥayya ʿala l-falāḥ Hurry toward salvation
2x حَيَّ على خَيْرِ العَمَلِ ḥayya ʿala khayr al-ʾamal Hurry toward the best deed
2x قَدْ قامَتِ الصّلاة qad qāmat-i ṣ-ṣalāh The prayer has certainly been established
2x اللّٰهُ أكبَر Allāh-u ʾakbar Allah is the greatest
1x لا إلهَ إلّااللّٰهُ lā ilāh-a ʾillā Allāh There is no deity but Allah

The phrases in Iqamah are the same as those of Adhan except for two:

  • The phrase "Qad qamat al-salat" (the prayer has certainly been established) is recited twice after "Hayya 'ala khayr al-'amal" (Hurry toward the best of deeds) and before the last two "Allah-u Akbar" (Allah is the greatest).
  • Iqamah starts with two "Allah-u Akbar" and ends with one "La ilaha illallah" (There is no deity but Allah) unlike Adhan which starts with four, and ends with two.[1]

Third Testimony

Main article: Third Testimony

Reciting the phrase Ashhad-u anna 'aliayyan waliullah (I bear witness Ali is the vicegerent of Allah) is prevalent in Shi'a from the early times.[2] However, according to Shi'a hadith and jurisprudential sources, it is not a part of Adhan nor Iqamah.[3]

Among Sunnies

  • Hanafis recite every phrase of Iqamah twice.
  • Malikis recite every phrase of Iqamah once.
  • Hanbalis and majority of Shafi'is recite every phrase of Iqamah once except for "Qad qamat al-salat" which they recite it twice.[4]

Related Rulings

  • According to the fatwas of many Shia jurists, it is highly recommended to recite the Iqamah before prayer, and some jurists even consider it obligatory.[5]
  • A person who comes to the mosque for a congregational prayer for which the Adhan and Iqamah have already been called should not call the Adhan and Iqamah for their own prayer. However, if they do not participate in the congregational prayer and wants to pray individually, they are allowed not to say the Adhan and Iqamah.[6]
  • The Iqamah should be recited after the call to prayer (Adhan).[7]
  • The correctness of the Iqamah, like the Adhan, is conditional upon observing the proper order, succession, and correct Arabic pronunciation.[8] Being in a state of wudu' is also considered one of the conditions for the validity of the Iqamah.[9]
  • It is recommended to recite the Iqamah in the left ear of a child on the first day of birth.[10]

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marajiʿ (Khomeinī, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh wa sāʾir-i marājiʿ), issue 918.
  2. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 1, p. 290; Ṭūsī, al-Nihāya fī mujarrad al-fiqh wa al-fatāwā, p. 69.
  3. ↑ Sabziwārī, Muhadhdhab al-aḥkām, vol. 6, p. 21.
  4. ↑ Ibn Hubayra, Al-Ifṣāḥ, vol. 1, p. 81; Ṭūsī, al-Khilāf, vol. 1, p. 91.
  5. ↑ Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 2, p. 409-410.
  6. ↑ Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 2, p. 417-419.
  7. ↑ Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 2, p. 425.
  8. ↑ Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 2, p. 425.
  9. ↑ Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 2, p. 426.
  10. ↑ Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marajiʿ (Khomeinī, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh wa sāʾir-i marājiʿ), issue 917.

References

  • Banī Hāshimī Khomeinī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥasan and Uṣūlī, Iḥsān. Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marajiʿ (Khomeinī, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh wa sāʾir-i marājiʿ). Qom: Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn-i Ḥawza-yi ʿIlmīyya-yi Qom, [n.d].
  • Ibn Hubayra, Yaḥyā. Al-Ifṣāḥ. Aleppo: [n.n], 1366 AH/1947 CE.
  • Sabziwārī, Sayyid Abd al-ʿAlī. Muhadhdhab al-aḥkām fī bayān al-ḥalāl wa al-ḥarām. Qom: Muʾassisa al-Manār, 1413 AH.
  • Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Nihāya fī mujarrad al-fiqh wa al-fatāwā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, 1390 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥaasn al-. Al-Khilāf. Tehran: [n.n], 1377 SH.
  • Yazdī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim al-. Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1420 AH.
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