Salat al-Fajr
Ṣalāt al-Fajr (Arabic: صلاة الفجر, morning prayer) is one of the compulsory daily prayers. It consists of two rak'as, that is performed between the rise of fajr and the sunrise.
Time
Fajr prayer is a wajib prayer, that is two rak'as and is performed between the rise of fajr and the sunrise.[1] The most meritorious time for performing fajr prayer begins from al-fajr al-sadiq (true dawn) and ends by the appearance of a redness on the eastern sky.[2] Like other daily prayers, salat al-fajr has nafila, which is two rak'as, performed before salat al-fajr. The time for nafilat al-fajr begins from al-fajr al-kadhib (false dawn) and ends when as much as praying two rak'as have remained to the appearance of the redness on the eastern sky.[3]
Importance
The Qur'an says that salat al-fajr is witnessed by angels: "Maintain the prayer from the sun's decline till the darkness of the night, and [observe particularly] the dawn recital. Indeed, the dawn recital is attended [by angels]".[4] Explaining this verse, many hadiths mention that salat al-fajr is witnessed by the day angels as well as the night angels.[5] Prophet Muhammad (s) is quoted as saying: "Among the prayers, fajr prayer has this characteristic that the angels of night and the angels of day observe it; as fajr prayer, if performed in its early time, is at the time when the angels of night switch with the angels of day [thus] both groups of angels will be witness to that".[6]
Rulings
It is compulsory for men to perform the qira'a (recitation) of salat al-fajr in jahr (loudly).[7] While women are allowed to recite that in jahr or ikhfat (quietly), if a non-mahram hear their voice, they must recite it quietly which is according to compulsory precaution .[8]
Notes
- ↑ Yazdī, al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, vol. 1, p. 517.
- ↑ Khomeini, Taḥrīr al-wasīla, vol. 1, p. 154.
- ↑ Khomeini, Taḥrīr al-wasīla, vol. 1, p. 154.
- ↑ Qur'an, 17: 78.
- ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 4, p. 15; Ṣadūq, Thawāb al-aʿmal, p. 74.
- ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 4, p. 15.
- ↑ Ḥakīm, Mustamsak al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, vol. 6, p. 198.
- ↑ Khomeini, Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil, Issue 994.
References
- Ḥakīm, Sayyid Muḥsin al-. Mustamsak al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā. Qom: Maktabat Āyatollāh Marʿashī al-Najafī. 1404 AH.
- Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, [n.d].
- Khomeini, Rūḥullāh. Tarjuma-yi Taḥrīr al-wasīla. Tehran: Tanẓīm wa Nashr-i Āthār-i Imām Khomeini, 1385 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Thawāb al-aʿmal wa ʿiqāb al-aʿmāl. Qom: Nasīm-i Kawthar, 1381 Sh.
- Yazdī, Muḥammad Kāẓim al-. Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, [n.d].