Sura al-Dhariyat
This article is an introduction to the Sura al-Dhariyat; to read its text see text:Sura al-Dhariyat.| Qaf | |
|---|---|
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| Sura Number | 51 |
| Juz' | 26, 27 |
| Revelation | |
| Revelation Number | 67 |
| Makki/Madani | Makki |
| Information | |
| Verse Count | 60 |
| Word Count | 360 |
| Letter Count | 1546\ |
Sūra al-Dhārīyāt (Arabic: سورة الذاريات) is the fifty first sura of the Qur'an. It is a Makki sura located in juz's twenty-six and twenty-seven. The word "al-dhariyat" is the plural form of "al-dhariya" meaning "the wind". The main topic of this sura is the hereafter. The Unity of God, signs of God in the creation, reception of the angel as guests by Prophet Abraham (a) in his house and their mission for punishing the people of Lut, the story of Moses (a) and the destiny of the people of 'Ad, Thamud and the people of Noah (a) are also mentioned in this sura.
One of the famous verses of this sura is verse fifty six which introduces the worship of God as the goal of the creation of jinns and humans. In hadiths, many merits are mentioned for the recitation of this sura including that God will correct its reciter's life and will give him great daily sustenance.
Introduction
- Naming
This sura is named "al-Dhariyat" because it begins with this word. "Al-Dhariyat" is the plural form of "al-dhariya" meaning "the wind which takes up things in the air".[1]
- Order and Place of Revelation
Sura al-Dhariyat is a Makki sura and the sixty seventh sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the current completion of the Qur'an, this is fifty first[2] located in juz's twenty-six and twenty-seven.
- Number of Verses and Other Features
Sura al-Dhariyat has sixty verses, 360 words, and 1546 letters.[3] Regarding volume, this sura is among Mufassalat suras and is about half of one hizb of the Qur'an.[4]
Content
According to al-Mizan, the main topic of Sura al-Dhariyat is the hereafter and its rejection.[5] This sura proves the existence of the hereafter by mentioning that God has promised it and His promise is undoubtedly true.[6]
Based on Tafsir-i nimuna, the topics of Sura al-Dhariyat can be divided into five major topics:
- The hereafter and its related issues
- The Unity of God and the signs of God in the creation
- The story of the reception of angels as guests by Prophet Abraham (a) in his house and their mission about the people of Lut
- The stories of Prophet Moses (a) and the people of 'Ad and Thamud and the people of Noah (a) in brief
- Fight of stubborn people with the prophets (a) in the past and comforting the Prophet(s) and inviting him to resist against opponents[7]
| Definiteness of the promise of God about the rewards of human beings | |||||||||||||||||||||
| First speech: verses 1-19 Definiteness of divine promise | Second speech: verses 20-51 Signs of the actualization of divine promises | Third speech: verses 52-60 Warning the rejecters of divine promises | |||||||||||||||||||
| First issue: verses 1-6 Definiteness of the promise about the Judgement Day | First sign: verses 20-23 God's manner of delivering sustenance to the servants | First issue: verses 52-55 Duty of the Prophet (a) against the rejecters of divine promises | |||||||||||||||||||
| Second issue: verses 7-11 Rejecters of the hereafter have no reason | Second sign: verses 24-30 Actualization of God's promise to Abraham (a) | Second issue: verses 55-58 Worshiping God, the goal of creation of jinns and humans | |||||||||||||||||||
| Third issue: verses 12-19 Description of the definite rewards of believers and disbelievers | Third sign: verses 31-37 Punishment of the people of Lut | Third issue: verses 59-60 Bitter punishment of disbelievers with the actualization of divine promises | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth sign: verses 38-40 Destruction of Pharaoh and his armies | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fifth sign: verses 41-42 Punishment of the people of 'Ad | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sixth sign: verses 43-45 Punishment of the people of Thamud | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Seventh sign: verse 46 Punishment of the people of Noah (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Eighth sign: verses 47-49 Power of God in management of the world | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Conclusion: verses 50-51 Do not ascribe partners to God | |||||||||||||||||||||
Goal of the Creation of Human Being
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| “ | وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ
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” |
| — Qur'an, 51:56 | ||
According to al-Mizan, this verse suggests that the goal of creation is only worshiping God;[9] and there is no disagreement if in other verses the goal of the creation of human being is mentioned something else, because all of them connect human being to happiness which is the primary goal of the creation,[10] and some of them are midterm and some of them are long-term goals and results.[11]
Stories and Historical Accounts
- The story of descending angels to Abraham (a):
- Coming down of the angels, Abraham (a) not knowing them, Abraham (a) bringing roast lamb for them, Angels not eating from the lamb, Abraham's fear from them, Angels giving Abraham (a) good news of having a child, Abraham's (a) wife being surprised of the news, Abraham's (a) question about the angels' mission, Their answer being the punishment of the people of Lut and rescuing believers. (Verses 24-36)
- Sending Moses (a) to Pharaoh:
- Pharaoh and his companions rejection and slandering Moses (a) with magic and madness, their drowning in the sea. (verses 38 – 40)
- Punishment of the people of 'Ad [12]
- Inviting the people of Thamud to faith:
- Giving them a deadline and their disobedience of God's order, Coming of the punishment upon them. (Verses 43–45)
- Slandering the previous prophets (a) with magic and madness [14]
Merits and Benefits
In Majma' al-bayan, it is transmitted from the Prophet (s) that if someone recites Sura al-Dhariyat, he will be given ten rewards with the blow of every wind.[15] Al-Shaykh al-Saduq transmitted a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a), that whoever recites Sura al-Dhariyat during the day or at night, God will correct his life, give him great sustenance and will brighten his grave with a lamp until the Day of Judgement.[16]
External Links
Notes
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 22, p. 306.
- ↑ Maʿrifat, Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 166.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1252.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1252.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 18, p. 364.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 18, p. 364.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 22, p. 303.
- ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 18, p. 386.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 18, p. 386.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 22, p. 386-387.
- ↑ And in ‘Ad when We unleashed upon them a barren wind. It left nothing that it came upon without making it like decayed bones.
- ↑ And the people of Noah aforetime. Indeed, they were a transgressing lot.
- ↑ So it was that there did not come any apostle to those who were before them but they said, ‘A magician,’ or ‘A crazy man!’
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 9, p. 252.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Thawāb al-aʿmāl, p. 115.
References
- Khurramshāhī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn. Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān pazhūhī. Tehran: Dūstān-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1374 Sh.
- Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān. [n.p]: Markaz Chāp wa Nashr-i Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt, 1371 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Thawāb al-aʿmāl wa ʿiqāb al-aʿmāl. Qom: Dār al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1406 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Mūhammad Ḥusayn al-. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH.
- Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1415 AH.