Mount Hira': Difference between revisions
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[[File:كوه حراء.jpg|thumbnail|Hira' mountain, also known as Jabal al-Nur (Mount | {{ga}} | ||
[[File:كوه حراء.jpg|thumbnail|Hira' mountain, also known as Jabal al-Nur (the Light Mount) is located six kilometers from [[Masjid al-Haram]].]] | |||
{{Early Islam}} | {{Early Islam}} | ||
'''Ḥīrāʾ''' (Arabic: حراء) is one of the famous mountains in [[Mecca]] where [[the Prophet (s)]] has received his first [[revelation]], resulting it's another name '''Jabal al-Nūr''' ( | '''Ḥīrāʾ''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|حراء}}) is one of the famous mountains in [[Mecca]] where [[the Prophet (s)]] has received his first [[revelation]], resulting it's another name '''Jabal al-Nūr''' (the Light Mount). The mountain houses a cave known as cave of Hira' where the Prophet (s) used to spent great deal of time every year to engage himself in solitary worshiping before [[Islam]] ([[tahannuth]])<ref>Al-Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.279</ref> and it was there that he was honored with [[prophethood]]. | ||
==Characteristics of the | ==Characteristics of the Mountain== | ||
Hira' is a conical mountain northeast of [[Mecca]] and is totally separated from the other mountains surrounding the city.<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar | Hira' is a conical mountain northeast of [[Mecca]] and is totally separated from the other mountains surrounding the city.<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka'', p.107</ref> According to historical sources, Mount Hira' used to be about 6 kilometers (one farsakh) far from Mecca<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Rahla'', p.130; Ibn Battuta, ''Rahla'', vol.1 p.158</ref> but now it's enclosed with residential towers due to city expansion. Mount Hira' is about 4 to 6 kilometers away from [[al-Masjid al-Haram]].<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka'', p.107</ref> This mountain overlooks [[Mina]] and is alongside Mina – [['Arafat]] route.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Rahla'', p.130; Ibn Battuta, ''Rahla'', vol.1 p.158</ref> | ||
It's peak is 560 meters above sea level<ref>'Abd al-Ghani, ''Tarikh | It's peak is 560 meters above sea level<ref>'Abd al-Ghani, ''Tarikh umara' al-Makka'', p.22</ref> and there is only one way to climb to the top which is distinguished from the other parts.<ref>al-Himyari, ''al-Rawd al-mi'tar'', p.190</ref> Neither water nor grass could be found in the mountain. The summit is an area of 40 square meters. There is an open area on the top and there is no rock to block the scenery. | ||
==Characteristics of the | ==Characteristics of the Cave== | ||
[[File:نمایی از غار حراء.jpg|thumbnail|Hira' cave where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] received his first [[revelation]]|left]] | [[File:نمایی از غار حراء.jpg|thumbnail|Hira' cave where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] received his first [[revelation]]|left]] | ||
The cave of Hira' is situated on the peak of the | The cave of Hira' is situated on the peak of the mountain and only 20 meters away from the summit. To reach the cave one has to pass between two close rocks and then the cave appears.<ref>Khadimi, ''Rahnamay-i hajj'', vol.2 p.157</ref> The end of the cave is exactly directed to [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] and [[Ka'ba]] and the opening of the cave is nearly directed to [[Bayt al-Maqdis]].<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka'', p.108</ref> Al-Masjid al-Haram and it's minarets could be seen from the top.<ref>Khadimi, ''Rahnamay-i hajj'', vol.2 p.157</ref> The opening is high enough that a man with average height could go through and stand for [[prayer]]. It is lighted inside the cave from sunrise to sunset however it's not heated as outside.<ref>Qa'idan, ''Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka'', p.107-108</ref> | ||
Some historians have mistaken Mount Hira' for [[Mount al-Thawr]] in which [[the Prophet (s)]] took refuge during the [[Hijra]].<ref> | Some historians have mistaken Mount Hira' for [[Mount al-Thawr]] in which [[the Prophet (s)]] took refuge during the [[Hijra]].<ref>al-Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol.2 p.288; Al-Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.280</ref> | ||
== | ==In Historical and Religious Narrations== | ||
It's been narrated that [[Prophet Adam (a)]] built [[Ka'ba]] out of rocks from five mountains, one of which was the Mount Hira'.<ref>Haythami, ''Majma' al-zawa'id'', vol.3 p.288; Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.91</ref> Some believe the Mount Hira' is called Fārān in [[Torah]]<ref>1 Samuel 1:25</ref> but it seems Fārān is a name for all mounts in [[Mecca]] not only Hira'.<ref>' | It's been narrated that [[Prophet Adam (a)]] built [[Ka'ba]] out of rocks from five mountains, one of which was the Mount Hira'.<ref>Al-Haythami, ''Majma' al-zawa'id'', vol.3 p.288; Al-Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.91</ref> Some believe the Mount Hira' is called Fārān in [[Torah]]<ref>1 Samuel 1:25</ref> but it seems Fārān is a name for all mounts in [[Mecca]] not only Hira'.<ref>al-'Amili, ''al-Sahih'', vol.1 p.197</ref> | ||
It's been said that one of the miracles of [[the Prophet (s)]] was that the | It's been said that one of the miracles of [[the Prophet (s)]] was that the Mount Hira' moved and stopped under his foot on his command.<ref>Ibn Hanbal, ''Musnad'', vol.2 p.419; Al-Tabrisi, ''al-Ihtijaj'', vol.1 p.326; Al-Miqrizi, ''Imta' al-asma' '', vol.5 p.57</ref> | ||
In a narration [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said "the Prophet (s) used to go the Mount Hira' every year to be away from the world outside but no one would see him except me".<ref>''Nahj al-balagha'', sermon:192</ref> | In a narration [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said "the Prophet (s) used to go the Mount Hira' every year to be away from the world outside but no one would see him except me".<ref>''Nahj al-balagha'', sermon:192</ref> | ||
This mount was respected in [[Jahiliyya]] (days of ignorance) as well and it's been mentioned in jahilliya's literature such as poems of | This mount was respected in [[Jahiliyya]] (days of ignorance) as well and it's been mentioned in jahilliya's literature such as poems of 'Awf b. Ahwas and [[Abu Talib]] (the uncle of the Prophet (s)).<ref>Al-Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.281</ref> | ||
[['Abd al-Muttalib]] (the grandfather of the Prophet (s)) was the first one to choose this place for solitary worshiping (see:[[tahannuth]]).<ref>Ibn Athir, ''al-Kamil fi l-tarikh'', vol.2 p.15</ref> | [['Abd al-Muttalib]] (the grandfather of the Prophet (s)) was the first one to choose this place for solitary worshiping (see:[[tahannuth]]).<ref>Ibn Athir, ''al-Kamil fi l-tarikh'', vol.2 p.15</ref> | ||
From past till now [[Muslim]]s would go to visit Hira' cave and it's been said that Du'a (prayers) will be answered there.<ref>Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.199,280; Ibn Jubayr, ''Rahla'', p.190; </ref> Also according to some [[faqih]]s (jurists) visiting the cave is considered as a [[ | From past till now [[Muslim]]s would go to visit Hira' cave and it's been said that Du'a (prayers) will be answered there.<ref>Al-Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol.1 p.199,280; Ibn Jubayr, ''Rahla'', p.190; </ref> Also according to some [[faqih]]s (jurists) visiting the cave is considered as a [[mustahabb]] (recommended) action during the [[Hajj]].<ref>Al-Shahid al-Awwal, ''al-Durus'', vol.1 p.468; Sabziwari, ''Dhakhirat al-ma'ad'', p.695</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{ | {{notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | * The material of this article is manily taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1 حراء] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
* 'Abd al-Ghani, 'Arif. ''Tarikh umara' al-makka''. Damascus: 1413/1992 | * 'Abd al-Ghani, 'Arif. ''Tarikh umara' al-makka''. Damascus: 1413/1992 | ||
* | * 'Amili, Ja'far Murtada al-. ''Al-Sahih min sirat al-nabiyy al-a'zam''. Qom: 1403 | ||
* Azraqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. ''Akhbar Makka''. Beirut: Rushdi Salih, 1403/1983 | |||
* Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-. ''Shifa' al-gharam bi akhbar balad al-haram''. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya | * Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-. ''Shifa' al-gharam bi akhbar balad al-haram''. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya | ||
* Haythami, 'Ali b. Abu Bakr al-. ''Majma' al-zawa'id wa manba' al-fawa'id''. Bierut: 1408/1988 | * Haythami, 'Ali b. Abu Bakr al-. ''Majma' al-zawa'id wa manba' al-fawa'id''. Bierut: 1408/1988 | ||
* Himyari, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. ''Al-Rawd al-mi'tar fi khabar al-aqtar''. Beirut: Ihsan 'Abbas, 1984 | * Himyari, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. ''Al-Rawd al-mi'tar fi khabar al-aqtar''. Beirut: Ihsan 'Abbas, 1984 | ||
* Ibn Athir. ''Al-Kamil fi l-tarikh''. | * Ibn Athir. ''Al-Kamil fi l-tarikh''. | ||
* Ibn | * Ibn Battuta. ''Rahla''. Beirut: Muhammad 'Abd al-Mun'im al-'Uryan, 1407/1987 | ||
* Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad.''Musnad''. Beirut: Dar Sadir | * Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. ''Musnad''. Beirut: Dar Sadir | ||
* Ibn Jubayr. ''Rahla''. Cairo: Husayn Nassar, 1992 | * Ibn Jubayr. ''Rahla''. Cairo: Husayn Nassar, 1992 | ||
* Khadimi, Muhammad Hasan. '' | * Khadimi, Muhammad Hasan. ''Rahnamay-i hajj wa 'umra''. Tehran: 1383 SH | ||
* Miqrizi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-.''Imta' al-asma' ''. Beirut: Muhammad 'Abd al-Hamid, 1420/1999 | * Miqrizi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-.''Imta' al-asma' ''. Beirut: Muhammad 'Abd al-Hamid, 1420/1999 | ||
* ''Nahj al-balagha'' | * ''Nahj al-balagha'' | ||
* Qa'idan, Asghar. ''Tarikh wa athar | * Qa'idan, Asghar. ''Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka mukarrama wa Madina Munawwara''. Tehran: 1384 SH | ||
* Sabziwari, Muhammad Baqir. ''Dhakhirat al-ma'ad''. Tehran: 1273-1274 | * Sabziwari, Muhammad Baqir. ''Dhakhirat al-ma'ad''. Tehran: 1273-1274 AH | ||
* Shahid al-Awwal. ''Al-Durus''. Qom: 1412-1414 | * Shahid al-Awwal, Muhammad b. Makki al-. ''Al-Durus''. Qom: 1412-1414 AH | ||
* Tabrisi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-. ''Al-Ihtijaj''. Najaf: Muhammad Baqir Musawi, 1386/1966 | * Tabrisi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-. ''Al-Ihtijaj''. Najaf: Muhammad Baqir Musawi, 1386/1966 | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Holy Places}} | {{Holy Places}} | ||
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[[ur:کوہ حراء]] | [[ur:کوہ حراء]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Holy places]] | ||
[[Category:Ziyarah sites]] | |||
[[Category:Mecca]] | [[Category:Mecca]] | ||
Revision as of 18:16, 12 June 2016
| Early Islam |
|---|
 |
Ḥīrāʾ (Arabic: حراء) is one of the famous mountains in Mecca where the Prophet (s) has received his first revelation, resulting it's another name Jabal al-Nūr (the Light Mount). The mountain houses a cave known as cave of Hira' where the Prophet (s) used to spent great deal of time every year to engage himself in solitary worshiping before Islam (tahannuth)[1] and it was there that he was honored with prophethood.
Characteristics of the Mountain
Hira' is a conical mountain northeast of Mecca and is totally separated from the other mountains surrounding the city.[2] According to historical sources, Mount Hira' used to be about 6 kilometers (one farsakh) far from Mecca[3] but now it's enclosed with residential towers due to city expansion. Mount Hira' is about 4 to 6 kilometers away from al-Masjid al-Haram.[4] This mountain overlooks Mina and is alongside Mina – 'Arafat route.[5]
It's peak is 560 meters above sea level[6] and there is only one way to climb to the top which is distinguished from the other parts.[7] Neither water nor grass could be found in the mountain. The summit is an area of 40 square meters. There is an open area on the top and there is no rock to block the scenery.
Characteristics of the Cave
The cave of Hira' is situated on the peak of the mountain and only 20 meters away from the summit. To reach the cave one has to pass between two close rocks and then the cave appears.[8] The end of the cave is exactly directed to al-Masjid al-Haram and Ka'ba and the opening of the cave is nearly directed to Bayt al-Maqdis.[9] Al-Masjid al-Haram and it's minarets could be seen from the top.[10] The opening is high enough that a man with average height could go through and stand for prayer. It is lighted inside the cave from sunrise to sunset however it's not heated as outside.[11]
Some historians have mistaken Mount Hira' for Mount al-Thawr in which the Prophet (s) took refuge during the Hijra.[12]
In Historical and Religious Narrations
It's been narrated that Prophet Adam (a) built Ka'ba out of rocks from five mountains, one of which was the Mount Hira'.[13] Some believe the Mount Hira' is called Fārān in Torah[14] but it seems Fārān is a name for all mounts in Mecca not only Hira'.[15]
It's been said that one of the miracles of the Prophet (s) was that the Mount Hira' moved and stopped under his foot on his command.[16]
In a narration Imam 'Ali (a) said "the Prophet (s) used to go the Mount Hira' every year to be away from the world outside but no one would see him except me".[17]
This mount was respected in Jahiliyya (days of ignorance) as well and it's been mentioned in jahilliya's literature such as poems of 'Awf b. Ahwas and Abu Talib (the uncle of the Prophet (s)).[18]
'Abd al-Muttalib (the grandfather of the Prophet (s)) was the first one to choose this place for solitary worshiping (see:tahannuth).[19]
From past till now Muslims would go to visit Hira' cave and it's been said that Du'a (prayers) will be answered there.[20] Also according to some faqihs (jurists) visiting the cave is considered as a mustahabb (recommended) action during the Hajj.[21]
Notes
- ↑ Al-Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.279
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka, p.107
- ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Rahla, p.130; Ibn Battuta, Rahla, vol.1 p.158
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka, p.107
- ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Rahla, p.130; Ibn Battuta, Rahla, vol.1 p.158
- ↑ 'Abd al-Ghani, Tarikh umara' al-Makka, p.22
- ↑ al-Himyari, al-Rawd al-mi'tar, p.190
- ↑ Khadimi, Rahnamay-i hajj, vol.2 p.157
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka, p.108
- ↑ Khadimi, Rahnamay-i hajj, vol.2 p.157
- ↑ Qa'idan, Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka, p.107-108
- ↑ al-Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol.2 p.288; Al-Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.280
- ↑ Al-Haythami, Majma' al-zawa'id, vol.3 p.288; Al-Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.91
- ↑ 1 Samuel 1:25
- ↑ al-'Amili, al-Sahih, vol.1 p.197
- ↑ Ibn Hanbal, Musnad, vol.2 p.419; Al-Tabrisi, al-Ihtijaj, vol.1 p.326; Al-Miqrizi, Imta' al-asma' , vol.5 p.57
- ↑ Nahj al-balagha, sermon:192
- ↑ Al-Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.281
- ↑ Ibn Athir, al-Kamil fi l-tarikh, vol.2 p.15
- ↑ Al-Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol.1 p.199,280; Ibn Jubayr, Rahla, p.190;
- ↑ Al-Shahid al-Awwal, al-Durus, vol.1 p.468; Sabziwari, Dhakhirat al-ma'ad, p.695
References
- The material of this article is manily taken from حراء in Farsi WikiShia.
- 'Abd al-Ghani, 'Arif. Tarikh umara' al-makka. Damascus: 1413/1992
- 'Amili, Ja'far Murtada al-. Al-Sahih min sirat al-nabiyy al-a'zam. Qom: 1403
- Azraqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. Akhbar Makka. Beirut: Rushdi Salih, 1403/1983
- Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-. Shifa' al-gharam bi akhbar balad al-haram. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya
- Haythami, 'Ali b. Abu Bakr al-. Majma' al-zawa'id wa manba' al-fawa'id. Bierut: 1408/1988
- Himyari, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. Al-Rawd al-mi'tar fi khabar al-aqtar. Beirut: Ihsan 'Abbas, 1984
- Ibn Athir. Al-Kamil fi l-tarikh.
- Ibn Battuta. Rahla. Beirut: Muhammad 'Abd al-Mun'im al-'Uryan, 1407/1987
- Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. Musnad. Beirut: Dar Sadir
- Ibn Jubayr. Rahla. Cairo: Husayn Nassar, 1992
- Khadimi, Muhammad Hasan. Rahnamay-i hajj wa 'umra. Tehran: 1383 SH
- Miqrizi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-.Imta' al-asma' . Beirut: Muhammad 'Abd al-Hamid, 1420/1999
- Nahj al-balagha
- Qa'idan, Asghar. Tarikh wa athar-i Islami-i Makka mukarrama wa Madina Munawwara. Tehran: 1384 SH
- Sabziwari, Muhammad Baqir. Dhakhirat al-ma'ad. Tehran: 1273-1274 AH
- Shahid al-Awwal, Muhammad b. Makki al-. Al-Durus. Qom: 1412-1414 AH
- Tabrisi, Ahmad b. 'Ali al-. Al-Ihtijaj. Najaf: Muhammad Baqir Musawi, 1386/1966