Draft:Subay'a d. Harith al-Aslami
| Personal Information | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Subay'a d. al-Harith al-Aslami |
| Lineage | Aslam tribe |
| Well-Known Relatives | Sa'd b. Khawla (husband) |
| Place(s) of Residence | Mecca, Medina |
| Religious Information | |
| Conversion to Islam | After the Treaty of Hudaybiyya |
| Known for | Narrator of hadith, the subject of the Verse of Trial (Qur'an 60:10) |
Subay'a d. al-Ḥārith al-Aslamī was a female companion (Sahaba)[1] and a narrator of hadith[2] from the Prophet Muhammad (s).[3] She converted to Islam following the Treaty of Hudaybiyya.[4] Prominent figures who narrated from her include 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar,[5] 'Amr b. 'Utba,[6] Zufar b. Aws b. Hadthan, 'Umar b. 'Abd Allah b. Arqam,[7] and Masruq b. Ajda'.[8] According to Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-'Uqayli erroneously claimed that 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar did not narrate from her, but rather from a different Subay'a al-Aslami.[9]
Historical accounts identify Subay'a as the wife of Sayfi b. Rahib, a Meccan polytheist. Following the Treaty of Hudaybiyya, she separated from her husband and approached the Prophet (s). Reports indicate that her husband demanded her return, citing the extradition terms of the Hudaybiyya treaty; however, the Prophet (s) clarified that the treaty's provisions applied to men and excluded women. Exegetes state that upon the revelation of the Qur'an 60:10, the Prophet (s) tested Subay'a's faith through an oath. Once it was established that her conversion to Islam was voluntary and sincere, he refused to return her to her husband.[10]
Following her conversion, Subay'a married Sa'd b. Khawla, who died in Mecca during the Farewell Pilgrimage.[11] Subay'a was pregnant at the time of Sa'd's death and gave birth less than twenty-five nights later.[12] When Abu l-Sanabil al-Qurashi informed her that she was obligated to observe the waiting period ('idda) for four months and ten days, she consulted the Prophet (s) on the matter.[13] The Prophet (s) ruled that she was eligible to remarry upon giving birth.[14] Consequently, Abu l-Sanabil al-Qurashi (Habba b. Ba'kak) proposed to[15] and married her.[16] Tabi'i jurists in Medina and Kufa rely on Subay'a's report regarding the waiting period for pregnant widows.[17]
Al-'Uqayli narrates that following her separation from her first husband, Subay'a al-Aslami married Umar b. al-Khattab.[18] However, Ibn Hajar asserts that the Subay'a al-Aslami who was the wife of Umar b. al-Khattab was a different individual.[19]
Notes
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 52.
- ↑ Kaḥḥāla, Aʿlām al-nisāʾ, 1412 AH, vol. 2, p. 148.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 2, p. 587; vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 5, p. 156; Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 171.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 173.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 137.
- ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 5, p. 493; Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 172.
- ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 6, p. 440.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 172.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1859.
- ↑ Balkhī, Tafsīr Muqātil b. Sulaymān, 1423 AH, vol. 4, p. 303.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 3, p. 45; vol. 8, p. 171; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 137.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 137; Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 3, p. 45; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 223; Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt, 1410 AH, vol. 3, p. 312.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1859; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 223.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 2, p. 587; vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 5, p. 156; Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 171; Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 224.
- ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 224.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 439.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 171.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 172.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, pp. 171-172.
References
- Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh. Cairo, Dār al-Maʿārif, 1959.
- Balkhī, Muqātil b. Sulaymān al-. Tafsīr Muqātil b. Sulaymān. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh Maḥmūd Shaḥāta. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1423 AH.
- Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa al-aʿlām. Edited by ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām Tadmurī. Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1413 AH/1993.
- Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut, Dār al-Jīl, 1412 AH/1992.
- Ibn al-Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH/1989.
- Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH/1995.
- Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410 AH/1990.
- Kaḥḥāla, ʿUmar Riḍā. Aʿlām al-nisāʾ. Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1412 AH/1991.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. Corrected by Jawād Qayyūmī Iṣfahānī. Qom, Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1373 Sh.