Arafa

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Arafat

Arafa (Arabic: عَرَفَة) is the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja, the last month of Hijri calendar, and the day before Eid al-Adha. According to Shi'a jurisprudence, pilgrims of Hajj must stay in Arafat from the noon to sunset of this day. The day of Arafa is one of the most important days of the year for Muslims. Special rituals have been reported for this day in hadiths, the best of which is praying and asking for forgiveness, most of Shi'as recite the Supplication of Arafa by Imam al-Husayn (a) in the day. According to Shi'a, performing Ziyara of Imam al-Husayn (a) is recommended on this day.

Etymology

Prayer
Supplications

Kumayl • Al-Tawassul • Al-Iftitah • Abu Hamza • 'Arafa • Al-Nudba • al-Simat • al-Faraj • Khamsa 'ashar • Al-Sha'baniyya

Ziyaras
Ziyara Ashura' • Ziyara Warith • Amin Allah • al-Jami'a al-Kabira • Al Yasin
Dhikrs
Takbir • Tahmid • Tahlil • Tasbih • Tasbih of Lady Fatima (a) • Salawat • al-Yunusiyya • Istighfar
Supplication Books
al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya • Mafatih al-jinan • Misbah al-mutihajjid • Iqbal al-a'mal • Miftah al-falah
Days and Months
Laylat al-Qadr • 15th Sha'ban • 'Arafa • Ramadan • Rajab • Dhu l-Hijja

Arafa (عَرَفَة) is derived from the Arabic word "Araf-a" (َعَرَف) meaning knowing, understanding and learning.[1] Apparently, the name of this day has been taken from Arafat (a special place near Mecca where pilgrims of Hajj stay for a specific time in.).[2]

Importance and Merits

  • In the day of Arafa, pilgrims of Hajj gather in Arafat and in addition to praying and asking for forgiveness, they thank God for giving them the opportunity of performing Hajj. Due to the importance of this day, many supplications have been reported for it from Imams (a) and religious elites. Even in some sources a supplication has been narrated from the Prophet (s).[3] One of the most famous supplications of this day is the one narrated from Imam al-Husayn (a). Many Shi'a around the world read this supplication on this day. Another famous supplication for this day is the one recited by Imam al-Sajjad (a).
  • Many hadiths described Arafa as a special day of forgiving the sins.[4]
  • It has also been described as the day of answering prayers.[5]
  • Shi'a infallible Imams (a) honored and respected this day and advised people to do so. They did not refuse the poor on this day.[6]

Rulings

  • In Imamiyya jurisprudence, it is obligatory for pilgrims of Hajj to stay in Arafat from the noon to the sunset of this day. This action which is called "Wuquf in Arafat" is among essentials of Hajj, which means if a pilgrim does not stay in Arafat - even for a short time - his Hajj will be void.[7]
  • Sunni sects have different opinion about the time of Wuquf (staying in Arafat):
1. From the sunset of the day of Arafa to the dawn of the day of Eid al-Adha (next day)
2. From the dawn of Arafa to the dawn of Eid al-Adha
3. From the noon of Arafa to the dawn of Eid al-Adha

Recommended Practices in Arafa

Hadiths have mentioned recommended acts for the day of Arafa; some of which are:

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Mufradāt, p. 560.
  2. ↑ Qurayshī, al-Tahqīq fī kalimāt al-Qur'ān al-karīm, vol. 8, p. 120.
  3. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2. pp. 542-543.
  4. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 4, p. 146, 541.
  5. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 211.
  6. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 211.
  7. ↑ Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, Jāmiʿal-fatāwā, pp. 173-174.
  8. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 13, pp. 559-560.
  9. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 1, p. 77.
  10. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 4, p. 580; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 14, p. 459; Qummī, Mafātīḥ al-jinān, p. 451.
  11. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 3, p. 113.
  12. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Istibṣār, vol. 2, p. 133.
  13. ↑ Ṣadūq, Maʿānī al-akhbār, p. 296.

References

  • Al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya. Qom: Daftar-i Nashr-i al-Hādī, 1418 AH.
  • Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1409 AH.
  • Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Murtaḍā. Jāmiʿal-fatāwā; manāsik Ḥajj. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1428 AH.
  • Miqdādī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Ḥajj dar āʾīeena-yi fiqh-i muqārin. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1384 Sh.
  • Mughnīya, Muḥammad Jawād al-. Al-Fiqh ʿalā al-madhāhib al-khamsa (al-Jaʿfarī, al-Ḥanafī, al-Mālikī, al-Shāfiʿī, al-Ḥanbalī). Qom: Muʾassisa Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī, 1432 AH.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. [n.p]. [n.d].
  • Qummī, Shaykh ʿAbbās. Mafātīḥ al-jinān. Translated by Hādī Ashrafī Tabrīzī. Qom: Āʾīeen-i Dānish, [n.d].
  • Qurayshī. Al-Tahqīq fī kalimāt al-Qur'ān al-karīm. [n.p]. [n.d].
  • Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-. Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān. [n.p]. [n.d].
  • Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh. Qom: Intishārāt-i Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn, 1413 AH.
  • Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Maʿānī al-akhbār. Qom: Intishārāt-i Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn, 1361 Sh.
  • Sakhāwī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Al-Baladāniyyāt. Edited by Ḥisām b. Muḥammad Quṭṭān. Riyadh: Dār al-ʿAṭā, 1422 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Istibṣār fīmā ikhtalafa min al-akhbār. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1390 AH.
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