Sura al-Jathiya
This article is an introduction to the Sura al-Jathiya; to read its text see text:Sura al-Jathiya.| al-Dukhan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sura Number | 45 |
| Juz' | 25 |
| Revelation | |
| Revelation Number | 65 |
| Makki/Madani | Makki |
| Information | |
| Verse Count | 37 |
| Word Count | 489 |
| Letter Count | 2085\ |
Sūra al-Jāthīya (Arabic: سورَة الجاثیة) is the forty fifth sura of the Qur'an. It is a Makki sura located in juz' twenty five. The word "al-Jathiya" means "crawling" and this sura is called so, because in verse twenty eight, it speaks about seeing every nation fallen on its knees on the Day of Judgement upon receiving their records of deeds.
The discussion about the rightfulness of the Qur'an, the Oneness of God, warning the ignorant who insist on their deviant beliefs, inviting believers to forgive disbelievers and describing scenes from the Day of Judgement are among the issues mentioned in this sura. About the merits of recitation of this sura, it is transmitted from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura al-Jathiya, God will cover his defects and removes his fears and worries upon reckoning.
Introduction
- Naming
This sura is called "al-Jathiya" because in its verse twenty-eight, it is mentioned that every nation falls on its knees on the Day of Judgement upon receiving their records of deeds. This word is mentioned only once in the Qur'an, in this verse. The other name of this sura is Shari'a.[1]
- Place and Order of Revelation
Sura al-Jathiya is a Makki sura. It was sixty fifth sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the current order of compilation, This is forty fifth sura of the Qur'an[2] located in juz' twenty-five.
- Number of Verses and Other Features
Sura al-Jathiya has thirty seven verses, 489 words and 2085 letters. Regarding volume, it is among Mathani suras of the Qur'an and is a little less than one hizb in length. Sura al-Jathiya begins with letters "Ha-mim" and thus, it is considered among Hamimat (Hawamim).[3]
Content
Sura al-Jathiya begins with the rightfulness of the Qur'an and then refers to the Oneness of God by mentioning some signs from the glory of the creation in the skies and on the earth and warns those who insist on their deviant beliefs despite these signs to receive a grave punishment. This sura continues with inviting believers to forgive disbelievers and brings an example about the ingratitude of God's blessings by Israelites and their destiny as an introduction to the next verses and orders the Prophet (s) to follow the religion, not the demands of the ignorant. Then, the speech of some deniers of the hereafter and the answer to them are mentioned; and in the final verses, some scenes from the Day of Judgement and some of the states of the sinners before God are described.[4]
| Inviting to monotheism and following divine religion | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| First speech: verses 1-13 Wrong encounter of disbelievers with monotheism and divine religion | Second speech: verses 14-20 The necessity of following divine religion | Third speech: verses 21-37 The punishment of opposing the divine religion | |||||||||||||||||||||
| First issue: verses 1-2 Revelation of monotheistic teachings of the Qur'an from God | First issue: verses 14-17 God's judgment about those who opposed religion on the Judgement Day | First issue: verses 21-23 The difference between the destinies of the sinners and the righteous ones | |||||||||||||||||||||
| second issue: verses 3-5 Signs of the Oneness of God | second issue: verses 18-20 The Prophet's (s) duty about following the religion of Islam | second issue: verses 24-28 Rejecting the impossibility of the hereafter and punishment there | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Third issue: verses 6-9 Ridiculing monotheistic teachings of the Qur'an by disbelievers | Third issue: verses 29-35 Definite punishment of those who ridicule divine signs | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth issue: verses 10-11 Punishment of the deniers of monotheism | Fourth issue: verses 36-37 Wisdom of the way the Lord directs the world | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth issue: verses 12-13 Gratitude and reflection, the correct way of encountering with divine blessings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Famous Verses
| “ | "Whoever acts righteously, it is for his own soul, and whoever does evil, it is to its own detriment, then you will be brought back to your Lord." | ” |
| — Qur'an 45:15 | ||
In the interpretation of this verse, it is mentioned that this phrase which has been mentioned in the other verses several times[6] is an answer to those who say that our obedience and disobedience would make no benefit or harm to God. These verses say that it is you who become perfect under the shadow of righteous deeds and it is you who fall in the valley of the wrath of God due to sinning and after His mercy, would become afflicted to eternal damnation.[7]
Merits and Benefits
About the merits of recitation of this sura, it is transmitted from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura al-Jathiya, God will cover his defects and remove his fears and worries upon reckoning.[8] It is also transmitted from Imam al-Baqir (a) that whoever recites Sura al-Jathiya, his reward would be that fire will never touch him and he will not hear the sound of the hellfire's burst and he will accompany the Prophet (s).[9]
In Tafsir al-Burhan, for the recitation of this sura, some benefits such as being safe from the harms of the tyrants, being honorable among people and being safe from the harms of telltales are mentioned.[10]
External Links
Notes
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1250.
- ↑ Maʿrifat, Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 166.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1250.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāyī, al-Mīzān, vol. 18, p. 154.
- ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
- ↑ Qur'an, 31:12; Qur'an, 39:41.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 4, p. 404.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 9, p. 118.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Thawāb al-aʿmāl, p. 114.
- ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān, vol. 5, p. 231.
References
- Baḥrānī, Sayyid Hāshim b. Sulaymān. Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom: Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1416 AH.
- Khurramshāhī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn. Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān pazhūhī. Tehran: Dūstān-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna. Edited by Aḥmad ʿAlī Bābāyī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1387 Sh.
- Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān. [n.p]: Markaz Chāp wa Nashr-i Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt, 1371 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Thawāb al-aʿmāl wa ʿiqāb al-aʿmāl. Edited by Ṣādiq Ḥasanzāda. Tehran: Armaghān-i Ṭūbā, 1382 Sh.
- Ṭabāṭabāyī, Mūhammad Ḥusayn al-. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Second edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1974.
- Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1415 AH.