Sura al-Tahrim
This article is an introduction to the Sura al-Tahrim; to read its text see text:Sura al-Tahrim.| al-Talaq | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sura Number | 66 |
| Juz' | 28 |
| Revelation | |
| Revelation Number | 108 |
| Makki/Madani | Madani |
| Information | |
| Verse Count | 12 |
| Word Count | 254 |
| Letter Count | 1105\ |
Sura al-Taḥrim (Arabic: سوره التحریم) is sixty sixth sura of the Qur'an. It is a Madani sura located in juz' twenty eight. The name of the sura is adopted from the first verse of the sura which refers to the event when the Prophet (s) made a permissible issue prohibited for himself by taking an oath in order to please his wives.
Sura al-Tahrim urges wrongdoers to make a sincere repentance and speaks about the effects of faith on the Day of Judgement. It also urges Muslims toward jihad with disbelievers and hypocrites and to be harsh toward them. In this sura, the wives of Prophet Noah (a) and Lot (a) are mentioned as unrighteous women and the wife of Pharaoh and Lady Mary (a) are considered as righteous women.
One of the famous verses of this sura is verse six which calls believers to save themselves and their families from the hellfire. It is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura al-Tahrim will be successful to make sincere repentance and not return to sins. Also, lessening the punishment of dead ones and easy death of a person who is in his deathbed are mentioned as other benefits of this sura.
Introduction
- Naming
The famous name of this sura is "al-Tahrim" which is adapted from the first verse of the sura. In this verse, the Prophet (s) is asked why he (s) prohibited a permissible issue for himself because of his wives.[1] This sura is also called "Sura al-Nabi (s)", "Lim-a tuharrim" and "al-Mutaharrim".[2]
- Place and Order of Revelation
Sura al-Tahrim is a Madani sura and was the 108th sura revealed to the Prophet (s). This sura is the sixty sixth sura in the current compilation of Qur'an,[3] located in juz' twenty eight.
- Number of Verses and other Characteristics
Sura al-Tahrim has twelve verses, 254 verses, and 1105 letters. Regarding volume, it is a relatively short sura among Mufassalat suras (having several short verses), in half of one hizb.[4]
Content
Sura al-Tahrim begins by admonishing the Prophet (s) (which is actually admonishing his wives), because he (s) prohibited an issue declared permissible by God for himself in order to please his wives in an event which happened due to the plot of two of the Prophet's (s) wives. The next verses call believers to save themselves from the hellfire whose fuel is people and stones and to know that they will only be required for their deeds.[5]
Some of the issues mentioned in this sura are urging sinners to repent (a sincere repentance), fruits of faith on the Day of Judgement, jihad with disbelievers and hypocrites and being harsh to them, mentioning the wives of Prophet Noah (a) and Lot (a) as unrighteous women and mentioning Pharaoh's wife and Mary (a) (daughter of 'Imran) as righteous women.[6]
| Warning plotters and wives of the Prophet (s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| First topic: verses 1-5 God's support for the Prophet (s) against his wives | Second topic: verses 6-9 Duties of the Prophet (s) and believers against traitors | Third topic: verses 10-12 Destiny of righteous and unrighteous women | |||||||||||||||||||||
| First point: verses 1-2 Emotional support of God for the Prophet (s) | First point: verses 6-8 Duties of believers: avoiding any cooperation with the Prophet's (s) dissidents repenting of cooperation with the Prophet's (s) enemies | First point: verse 10 Destiny of the wives of Noah (a) and Lot (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Second point: verse 3 Mentioning the roles of the Prophet's (s) wives | Second point: verse 9 The Prophet's (s) duty: seriously fighting plotters | Second point: verses 11-12 Destiny of the servitude of Asiya and Lady Mary (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Third point: verse 4 Supporting the Prophet (s) by God and His armies. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third point: verse 5 Warning the Prophet's (s) wives of being divorced | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The Prophet (s) and Pleasing His Wives
Exegetes have different opinions about the occasion of revelation for the first verses of Sura al-Tahrim which admonish the Prophet (s) for prohibiting the issues declared permissible by God in order to please his wives.
Some sources have narrated that the Prophet (s) used to visit his wives after fajr prayer. One day, Hafsa gave the Prophet (s) a honey drink and the Prophet (s) stayed with her longer. 'Ayisha became upset about his stay and plotted with the other wives that they tell him that he (s) smelled bad when they visited him. The Prophet (s) who did not like to smell bad, swore not to drink from that honey again.[8]
In, another narration, it is mentioned that it was Zaynab bt. Jahsh who gave him the honey drink[9] and in another narration, it is said that it was Umm Salama.[10]
According to another report, the Prophet (s) avoided being with his bondwoman in order to please Hafsa and advised her to keep this secret to herself, but she told 'Ayisha about it. Following this action of Hafsa, the first verses of Sura al-Tahrim were revealed.[11]
However, in Tafsir al-Mizan, 'Allama Tabataba'i mentioned these different narrations about the occasion of the revelation of the first verses of Sura al-Tahrim and evaluated them incompatible with other verses of this sura.[12]
According to some other reports, it is mentioned that following the objection of 'Ayisha and Hafsa about the Prophet's (s) stay in the house of Mariya, the Prophet (s) swore that he (a) would never again have sex with her and these verses were revealed about this event.[13]
Famous Verse
Saving One's Self and Family from the Hell
| “ | "O you who have faith! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones" | ” |
| — Qur'an 66:6 | ||
About this verse, al-'Allamah al-Majlisi explained that a person should save himself and his family from the hellfire by obeying God, keeping away from sins, and not following desires; thus, he needs to keep patience, calls his family to obey God, teach them the obligations and prohibits them from the evil and encourage them to do good.[14]
Merits and Benefits
It is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura al-Tahrim, will be successful to make sincere repentance without returning to sins.[15] It is also narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a) that whoever recites Sura al-Talaq and Sura al-Tahrim in his daily prayers, God will keep him away from fear and distress on the Day of Judgment; because, these two suras belong to the Prophet (s).[16]
About the benefits of this sura, it is narrated that it makes death easy for the one who is on his deathbed if they write it for him. Also, it will decrease the punishments of dead ones.[17] It also draws away distress; and, its frequent recitation is beneficial for a person in debt God-willing.[18]
External Links
Notes
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1257.
- ↑ Dāʾirat al-maʿārif Qurʾān, vol. 7, p. 335.
- ↑ Maʿrifat, Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 168.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1257.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 19, p. 329.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1257.
- ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 10, p. 5.
- ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 6, p. 239.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 10, p. 5.
- ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 6, p. 239-240.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 19, p. 338-340.
- ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 2, p. 375.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 71, p. 86.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 10, p. 468.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Thawāb al-aʿmāl, p. 118
- ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, vol. 2, p. 241.
- ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān, vol. 5, p. 417.
References
- Baḥrānī, Sayyid Hāshim b. Sulaymān. Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom: Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1416 AH.
- Khurramshāhī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn. Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān pazhūhī. Tehran: Dūstān-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
- Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān. [n.p]: Markaz Chāp wa Nashr-i Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt, 1371 Sh.
- Nūrī, Mīrzā Ḥusayn al-. Mustadrak al-wasāʾil. [n.p]: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH.
- Pazhūhishgāh-i ʿUlūm wa Farhang-i Islāmī. Dāʾirat al-maʿārif Qurʾān. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1382 Sh.
- Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Edited by Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Third edition. Qom: Dār al-Kutub, 1363 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Thawāb al-aʿmāl wa ʿiqāb al-aʿmāl. Qom: Dār al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1406 AH.
- Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Āyatollāh Marʿashī al-Najafī, 1404 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Mūhammad Ḥusayn al-. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Second edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1974.
- Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī & Yazdī Ṭabāṭabāʾī. Third edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusru, 1372 Sh.