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Ali b. Hadid al-Mada'ini

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ʿAlī b. Ḥadīd b. Ḥakīm al-Madāʾinī (Arabic: علی بن حَدید بن حَکیم المَدائني) was a companion of Imam al-Rida (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a). There is no consensus regarding the reliability (withāqa) of Ali b. Hadid. Al-Shaykh al-Tusi considered him weak (ḍaʿīf), and some jurists, citing al-Tusi's opinion, have deemed al-Mada'ini unreliable (ghayr thiqa). Conversely, others have criticized al-Tusi's view and presented arguments for his reliability.

Ali b. Hadid narrated hadiths from narrators such as Jamil b. Darraj, Hammad b. 'Isa, and Muhammad b. Muslim, while narrators like Ibn Abi 'Umay and Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Barqi transmitted narrations from him. There are four different views regarding Ali b. Hadid's denomination (madhhab). He was born in Kufa, grew up in al-Mada'in, and was alive until 220/835.

Biography and Status

Ali b. Hadid b. Hakim al-Mada'ini al-Azdi al-Sabati[1] was a narrator of hadith counted among the companions of Imam al-Rida (a)[2] and the companions of Imam al-Jawad (a).[3] According to al-Najashi, a Shi'a biographical scholar, he also narrated traditions from Imam al-Kazim (a).[4] The number of narrations attributed to Ali b. Hadid is reported to be 201.[5] His narrations cover jurisprudential,[6] ethical,[7] and exegetical[8] topics. A book is attributed to Ali b. Hadid , but its title and content have not been reported.[9]

Ali b. Hadid narrated hadiths from transmitters such as Jamil b. Darraj, Hammad b. 'Isa, Sama'a b. Mihran, Muhammad b. Muslim, Mansur b. Yunus, Ali b. Nu'man, and Uthman b. Rashid.[10] Narrators such as Ibn Abi 'Umayr, Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Barqi, Husayn b. Sa'id al-Ahwazi, Ali b. Mahziyar, and Muhammad b. Abd al-Jabbar narrated traditions from Ali b. Hadid .[11]

Ali b. Hadid was born in Kufa, but al-Mada'in is considered his place of residence and upbringing.[12] It is said that he was alive until 220/835.[13] Biographical scholars have presented four views regarding Ali b. Hadid's denomination: Fathiyya, Ghali, Waqifiyya, and Imami.[14]

Investigation of Reliability

Al-Shaykh al-Tusi, a Shi'a jurist, in his two books Tahdhib al-ahkam and Al-Istibsar, introduced Ali b. Hadid as an invalid and weak narrator.[15] Al-Tusi's weakening led jurists such as al-Allama al-Hilli, al-Shahid al-Thani, Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi, Murtada al-Ansari, and al-Sayyid Ali al-Sistani to believe in the unreliability (ʿadam al-withāqa) of Ali b. Hadid .[16] Also, Ibn Dāwūd in his book Rijal Ibn Dawud placed him in the section of weak and invalid narrators.[17]

Al-Kashshi, a Shi'a biographical scholar, narrated two traditions from Imam al-Jawad (a) and Imam al-Rida (a), the content of which indicates these two Imams' trust in Ali b. Hadid.[18] However, al-Khoei, a Shi'a biographical researcher, does not consider these two traditions valid due to the weakness of the chain of transmission (ḍaʿf al-sanad) and believes he cannot be considered reliable (thiqa).[19]

In contrast, Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim[20] believes in the reliability of Ali b. Hadid. Also, in the article "ʿAlī b. Ḥadīd Madāʾinī, rāwī-yi muwaththaq-i Imāmī", the documentation of al-Tusi's weakening has been critiqued,[21] and arguments for his reliability have been raised, such as the mention of Ali b. Hadid in the chain of narrations of the book Kamil al-ziyarat and Tafsir al-Qummi, his name not being excluded from the narrators of the book Nawadir al-hikma, and Ibn Abi 'Umayr narrating from him.[22]

Notes

  1. ↑ Najāshī, al-. Rijāl al-Najāshī. 1365 Sh, p. 274.
  2. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. 1373 Sh, p. 360; Barqī, al-. Rijāl al-Barqī. 1342 Sh, p. 55.
  3. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. 1373 Sh, p. 376; Barqī, al-. Rijāl al-Barqī. 1342 Sh, p. 56.
  4. ↑ Najāshī, al-. Rijāl al-Najāshī. 1365 Sh, p. 274.
  5. ↑ Subḥānī. Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ. Vol. 3, p. 386.
  6. ↑ For example, see: Ṭūsī, al-. Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 239.
  7. ↑ For example, see: Kulaynī, al-. Al-Kāfī. 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 635.
  8. ↑ For example, see: Baḥrānī, al-. Al-Burhān. 1374 Sh, vol. 1, p. 562.
  9. ↑ Najāshī, al-. Rijāl al-Najāshī. 1365 Sh, p. 274.
  10. ↑ Khūʾī, al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. 1369 Sh, vol. 11, p. 305.
  11. ↑ Khūʾī, al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. 1369 Sh, vol. 11, p. 305.
  12. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. 1373 Sh, p. 360.
  13. ↑ Subḥānī. Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ. Vol. 3, p. 386.
  14. ↑ Mīrjalīlī et al., "ʿAlī b. Ḥadīd Madāʾinī, rāwī-yi muwaththaq-i Imāmī", pp. 199–203.
  15. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-. Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. 1407 AH, vol. 7, p. 101; Ṭūsī, al-. Al-Istibṣār. 1390 AH, vol. 1, p. 40.
  16. ↑ Mīrjalīlī et al., "ʿAlī b. Ḥadīd Madāʾinī, rāwī-yi muwaththaq-i Imāmī", p. 191.
  17. ↑ Ibn Dāwūd. Al-Rijāl. 1342 Sh, p. 482.
  18. ↑ Kashshī, al-. Rijāl al-Kashshī. 1409 AH, pp. 496, 279.
  19. ↑ Khūʾī, al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. 1369 Sh, vol. 11, p. 304.
  20. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-. Mustamsak al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā. 1416 AH, vol. 14, p. 585.
  21. ↑ Mīrjalīlī et al., "ʿAlī b. Ḥadīd Madāʾinī, rāwī-yi muwaththaq-i Imāmī", pp. 193–197.
  22. ↑ Mīrjalīlī et al., "ʿAlī b. Ḥadīd Madāʾinī, rāwī-yi muwaththaq-i Imāmī", pp. 197–198.

References

  • Baḥrānī, Hāshim b. Sulaymān al-. Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Researcher: Qism al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyya Mūʾassisat al-Biʿtha. Qom, Mūʾassisat al-Biʿtha, 1st ed., 1374 Sh.
  • Barqī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Khālid al-. Rijāl al-Barqī. Editor: Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī & Ḥasan Muṣṭafawī. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1st ed., 1342 Sh.
  • Ḥakīm, Muḥsin al-. Mustamsak al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā. Qom, Dār al-Tafsīr, 1st ed., 1416 AH.
  • Ibn Dāwūd, Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. Al-Rijāl. Tehran, Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1st ed., 1342 Sh.
  • Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Rijāl al-Kashshī. Mashhad, Mūʾassisa-yi Nashr-i Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1st ed., 1409 AH.
  • Khūʾī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. Qom, Markaz-i Nashr-i Āthār al-Shīʿa, 1369 Sh.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Editor: ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 4th ed., 1407 AH.
  • Mīrjalīlī, ʿAlī Muḥammad et al. "ʿAlī b. Ḥadīd Madāʾinī, rāwī-yi muwaththaq-i Imāmī". Faṣlnāma-yi ʿUlūm-i Ḥadīth. Year 24. No. 2. 1398 Sh.
  • Najāshī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. Rijāl al-Najāshī. Qom, Mūʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 6th ed., 1365 Sh.
  • Subḥānī, Jaʿfar. Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ. Researcher: Gurūh-i Pazhūhish-i Mūʾassisa-yi Imām Ṣādiq. Qom, Mūʾassisa-yi Imām Ṣādiq (a), 1st ed., 1418 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Al-Istibṣār fīmā ukhtulifa min al-akhbār. Editor: Ḥasan al-Mūsawī al-Kharsān. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st ed., 1390 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. Editor: Jawād Qayyūmī Iṣfahānī. Qom, Mūʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 3rd ed., 1373 Sh.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. Editor: Ḥasan al-Mūsawī al-Kharsān. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 4th ed., 1407 AH.
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