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Isma'il b. Mihran

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Ismāʿīl b. Mihrān al-Sakūnī (Arabic: إسماعيل بن مِهران السَکوني) (alive until 224/839) was a companion of Imam al-Rida (a) and a narrator of Imam al-Jawad (a), who also transmitted hadiths from Imam al-Sadiq (a) via intermediaries. Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei, relying on the views of al-Tusi and al-Najashi, considers him trustworthy (Thiqa). He believes that the criticism by Ibn al-Ghada'iri refers only to his transmission from weak narrators and does not indicate Isma'il's own lack of reliability.

Isma'il has over 126 fiqh narrations and narrated from transmitters such as Safwan b. Yahya, Safwan al-Jammal, and Zakariyya b. Adam. Ibrahim b. Hashim and Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Barqi narrated from him. His works include Thawab al-Qur'an and Khuṭab Amir al-Mu'minin (a).

Connection with Imams

Isma'il b. Mihran b. Abi Nasr al-Sakuni[1] was a Kufan narrator[2] whose name appears in biographical sources among the narrators of Imam al-Sadiq (a), Imam al-Rida (a), and Imam al-Jawad (a).[3] Al-Shaykh al-Tusi, in his Rijal, listed him once among the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)[4] and another time among the companions of Imam al-Rida (a);[5] however, in al-Fihrist, he explicitly stated that Isma'il narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a) via intermediaries.[6]

Abd Allah Jawadi Amuli in the book Rijāl-i tafsīrī, pointing to the variations in the manuscripts of Rijal al-Tusi, suggests that the inclusion of Isma'il b. Mihran among the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a) might be due to textual discrepancies. He also believes that narrations that ostensibly introduce Isma'il b. Mihran as a direct narrator of Imam al-Sadiq (a) are actually related to Sulayman b. Mihran al-A'mash, whose name was recorded as Isma'il in some manuscripts due to scribal error (Taṣḥīf).[7]

Isma'il b. Mihran also met with Imam al-Jawad (a) and narrated hadiths from him,[8] including a hadith that explicitly signifies the Imamate of Imam al-Hadi (a),[9] which, according to some views, indicates his Imami faith.[10] In total, over 126 narrations have been transmitted from him in hadith sources,[11] most of which are in the field of fiqh.[12]

Isma'il b. Mihran was known by the kunyas Abu Ya'qub[13] or Abu Muhammad.[14] In some documents (Isnad), he is referred to as "al-Kufi".[15] His dates of birth and death are unknown,[16] but according to some reports, he was alive until 224/838-9.[17]

Reliability

Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei, a Shi'a hadith scholar, considers the reliability (Wathāqa) of Isma'il as certain, relying on the views of al-Shaykh al-Tusi, al-Najashi, and al-'Ayyashi.[18] Ahmad b. 'Ali al-Najashi, a 4th/10th-century biographical scholar, introduced Isma'il b. Mihran as a trustworthy person (Thiqa).[19] Al-Kashshi, also a biographical scholar, praised Isma'il in one report using terms such as Thiqa, Fāḍil (virtuous), and pious, while in another report, he mentioned him as accused of Ghuluww (exaggeration).[20]

Ibn al-Ghada'iri, a biographical scholar, believed that Isma'il b. Mihran narrated many hadiths from weak individuals.[21] He also considered his hadiths to have defects and described his personality as shaky.[22] In the view of Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei, Ibn al-Ghada'iri's statement does not imply Isma'il's lack of trustworthiness; rather, it merely indicates that he narrated hadiths from weak narrators.[23]

Teachers and Students

Some of the narrators from whom Isma'il b. Mihran narrated hadith include: Zakariyya b. Adam, Nadr b. Suwayd, Hammad b. 'Uthman, Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr, Safwan b. Yahya, Safwan al-Jammal, and Hasan b. 'Ali b. Abi Hamza al-Bata'ini.[24]

Some of the narrators who narrated from Isma'il b. Mihran include: Ibrahim b. Hashim, Salih b. Abi Hammad, Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Barqi, 'Ali b. Hasan b. Faddal, Abu 'Abd Allah al-Razi, and Ibn Mas'ada.[25]

Works

In Rijal al-Najashi and al-Fihrist of al-Shaykh al-Tusi, several works have been attributed to Isma'il b. Mihran, including Thawab al-Qur'an, Al-Ahlilaja, Sifat al-mu'min wa l-fajir, and Khuṭab Amir al-Mu'minin (a).[26] Agha Buzurg Tihrani, a Shi'a bibliographer, considered him the first writer in the field of ethics.[27]

Notes

  1. ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, 1365 Sh, p. 27.
  2. ↑ Javādī Āmulī, Rijāl-i tafsīrī, 1398 Sh, p. 261.
  3. ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, 1365 Sh, p. 27; Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 161.
  4. ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 161.
  5. ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 352.
  6. ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Fihrist, 1420 AH, p. 27.
  7. ↑ Javādī Āmulī, Rijāl-i tafsīrī, 1398 Sh, p. 264.
  8. ↑ Sharīʿatī et al, «Ismāʿīl b. Mihrān», p. 244.
  9. ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 323.
  10. ↑ Sharīʿatī et al, «Ismāʿīl b. Mihrān», p. 244.
  11. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 103.
  12. ↑ Shiyāsī, «Gūna-shināsī-yi riwāyāt-i fiqhī...», p. 2.
  13. ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, 1365 Sh, p. 27.
  14. ↑ Wāsiṭī Baghdādī, Al-Rijāl, 1364 Sh, p. 38.
  15. ↑ Javādī Āmulī, Rijāl-i tafsīrī, 1398 Sh, p. 261.
  16. ↑ Javādī Āmulī, Rijāl-i tafsīrī, 1398 Sh, p. 262.
  17. ↑ Sharīʿatī et al, «Ismāʿīl b. Mihrān», p. 245.
  18. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 107.
  19. ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, 1365 Sh, p. 27.
  20. ↑ Kashshī, Rijāl al-Kashshī, 1409 AH, p. 589.
  21. ↑ Wāsiṭī Baghdādī, Al-Rijāl, 1364 Sh, p. 38.
  22. ↑ Wāsiṭī Baghdādī, Al-Rijāl, 1364 Sh, p. 38.
  23. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 107.
  24. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 103.
  25. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 4, p. 103.
  26. ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, 1365 Sh, p. 27; Ṭūsī, Al-Fihrist, 1420 AH, p. 27.
  27. ↑ Tihrānī, Al-Dharīʿa, 1408 AH, p. 47.

References

  • Javādī Āmulī, ʿAbd Allāh. Rijāl-i tafsīrī. Qom, Isrāʾ, 2nd ed., 1398 Sh.
  • Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Rijāl al-Kashshī. Mashhad, Muʾassisa-yi Nashr-i Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1st ed., 1409 AH.
  • Khūʾī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. Najaf, Muʾassisa al-Imām al-Khūʾī al-Islāmiyya, n.d.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Ed. ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 4th ed., 1407 AH.
  • Najāshī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. Rijāl al-Najāshī. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī al-Tābiʿa li-Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn, 6th ed., 1365 Sh.
  • Sharīʿatī, Ṣāliḥ et al. «Ismāʿīl b. Mihrān». In Dānishnāma-yi Imām Riḍā (a). Vol. 2. Qom, Markaz-i Bayn al-Milalī-yi Tarjuma wa Nashr-i al-Muṣṭafā (s), n.d.
  • Shiyāsī, Muḥammad. «Gūna-shināsī-yi riwāyāt-i fiqhī-yi Ismāʿīl b. Mihrān b. Muḥammad b. Abī Naṣr dar abwāb-i ṭahārat, ṣalāt, ṣawt wa dīyāt». Bunyād-i ʿIlmī Farhangī-yi Hād. Posted: 14 February 2024. Accessed: 6 Mihr 1404 Sh.
  • Tihrānī, Āghā Buzurg. Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-Shīʿa. Qom, Ismāʿīliyyān, 1408 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Al-Fihrist. Ed. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ṭabāṭabāʾī. Qom, Maktabat al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, 1st ed., 1420 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī al-Tābiʿa li-Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn, 3rd ed., 1373 Sh.
  • Wāsiṭī Baghdādī, Aḥmad b. Ḥusayn. Al-Rijāl (Ibn al-Ghaḍāʾirī). Ed. Muḥammad Riḍā Ḥusaynī. Qom, Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1st ed., 1364 Sh.
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