Sura al-Ankabut
This article is an introduction to the Sura al-Ankabut; to read its text see text:Sura al-Ankabut.| al-Qasas | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sura Number | 29 |
| Juz' | 20, 21 |
| Revelation | |
| Revelation Number | 85 |
| Makki/Madani | Makki |
| Information | |
| Verse Count | 69 |
| Word Count | 983 |
| Letter Count | 4321\ |
Sūra al-'Ankabūt (Arabic: سورة العنكبوت) is the twenty ninth sura of the Qur'an. It is a Makki sura located in juz's twenty and twenty one. The name "al-'Ankabut" (spider) is adopted from the analogy made in verse forty one of this sura. This sura speaks about the unity of God, signs of God in the creation and fighting with polytheism; and to console the few Muslims in the beginning of Islam, it gives reports about the destinies of some previous prophets (a). Sura al-'Ankabut also speaks about the greatness of the Qur'an and the proofs of rightfulness of the Prophet (s) and the stubbornness of his opposers.
Verses forty one and fifty seven are among famous verses of Sura al-'Ankabut. In verse forty one, God likens the story of disbelievers' reliance on idols to spider and its weak net; and verse fifty seven warns that every soul shall taste death, then they shall be brought back to God. About the merits of recitation of this sura, it is transmitted from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura al-'Ankabut, he will be rewarded ten rewards for every believer or hypocrite [in the history].
Introduction
- Naming
The name of this sura is adopted from the allegory given in verse forty one.[1] In this allegory, God likens the story of a disbeliever who worships anything other than God to a spider and its net and calls the house of spider, the weakest of all houses.
- Order and Place of Revelation
Sura al-'Ankabut is a Makki sura. It was eighty fifth sura revealed to the Prophet (s). It is twenty ninth sura of the Qur'an,[2] located in juz's twenty and twenty one.
- Number of Verses and Other Features
Sura al-'Ankabut has sixty nine verses, 683 words, and 4321 letters. Regarding volume, this sura is among Mathani suras and is little more than one hizb (one-fourth of a juz').[3]
Content
Tafsir-i nimuna has explained the content of Sura al-'Ankabut in four general parts:
- Mentioning the "trial", the "condition of hypocrites" in trials and knowing their performance
- Consoling the Prophet (s) and the few believers in the beginning of Islam by mentioning some parts of the lives of other prophets (a) such as Noah (a), Abraham (a), Lut (a), and Shu'ayb (a).
- The Unity of God, signs of God in the creation and fighting with polytheism
- Weakness of idols, describing idol-worshippers as spider, discussing about the greatness of the Qur'an, the proofs of the rightfulness of the Prophet (s), stubbornness of his opposers, mentioning educational issues such as prayer, doing goodness toward the parents and righteous deeds, and mentioning the manner of discussion and rational encounter with opposers.[4]
| God's precedence in testing humans' faith | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction: verses 1-4 Testing people's faith in all times | First talk: verses 5-13 Different groups in divine trial | Second talk: verses 14-44 The consequence of disbelieving the prophets | Third talk: verses 45-68 Trial of the Prophet's (a) opposers | Conclusion: verse 69 Achievements of those who do jihad in the way of God from divine mercy and guidance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Group: verses 5-9 Believers and enduring hardships in the way of God | First example: verses 14-15 Destiny of the people of Noah (a) | First issue: verses 45-47 The Prophet's duties against opposers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second Group: verses 10-11 Hypocrites and not enduring hardships in the way of God | Second Example: verses 16-27 Destiny of the people of Abraham (a) | Second issue: verses 48-55 Excuses of the Prophet's (a) opposers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third Group: verses 12-13 Disbelievers and creating obstacles in the path of faith | Third Example: verses 28-35 Destiny of the people of Lut (a) | Third issue: verses 56-60 Believers' duties against opposers' pressures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth Example: verses 36-37 Destiny of the people of Shu'ayb (a) | Fourth Issue: Verses 61-68 Paradoxical beliefs of the Prophet's (a) opposers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fifth Example: verse 38 Destiny of the people of 'Ad and Thamud | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sixth Example: verse 39 Destiny of Qarun [Korah] and Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conclusion: verse 40-44 lessons from destinies of previous nations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occasion of Revelation
About some of the verses of Sura al-'Ankabut, different occasion of revelation are mentioned, the beginning verses of this sura were revealed about 'Ammar and Yasir who were tortured because of their belief in God or the verses were revealed about those Muslims who were in Mecca. The second occasion of revelation for the first verses of the sura is that Muslims who were in Medina wrote letters to Muslims in Mecca saying that, "your admission to Islam is not accepted from you, unless you emigrate." So, when they moved toward Medina, polytheists of Mecca went after them and killed some of them.[6][7]
Famous Verses
- Home of Spider
| “ | "The parable of those who take guardians instead of Allah is that of the spider that takes a home, and indeed the frailest of homes is the home of a spider, had they known!" | ” |
| — Qur'an, 29:41 | ||
In the interpretations of this verse, it is mentioned that God likens the masters of polytheists (i.e. idols) to the house of spider to imply that these masters cannot bring any benefit to their followers or guard them against harms and hardships.[8]
- Destination of Every Soul
| “ | "Every soul shall taste death. Then you shall be brought back to Us." | ” |
| — Qur'an, 29:57 | ||
In the interpretations of this verse, it is mentioned that one of the excuses of Muslims who lived in the lands of polytheists and did not want to emigrate was that they said: "if we go out of our homeland, the dangers of death and hunger would threaten us; and by emigration, we fall distant from our relatives and children." So, the Qur'an revealed the above verse as an answer to them, to tell them that there is no escape from death.[9]
Merits and Benefits
About the merits of this sura, it is transmitted from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites Sura al-'Ankabut will be rewarded ten rewards for every believer or hypocrite [in the history].[10] Reciting this sura before going to sleep is a means of relaxation and comfort in sleep.
Stories and Historical Accounts
- Story of Noah (a): 950 years of Noah's (a) prophethood among his people, The flood of Nuh (a) (verses 14 – 15)
- Story of Abraham (a): Inviting people to monotheism and avoiding idol-worshipping, Abraham's (a) survival from the fire, continuation of prophethood among descendants of Abraham (a), in prophets Isaac (a) and Jacob (a) (verses 16 – 28)
- Story of Lut (a): Lut's faith in Abraham (a), Lut's warning about heinous act of his people, coming of angels to Abraham (a) and informing him of the punishment of the people of Lut, Lut's wife among sinful people (verses 26 – 35)
- Prophethood of Shu'ayb (a) and inviting his people, rejection of Shu'ayb, the punishment of his people (verses 36 – 37)
- Punishment of the people of 'Ad and Thamud (verse 38)
External Links
Notes
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1245.
- ↑ Maʿrifat, Āmūzish ʿulūm-i Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 166.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1245.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 3, p. 487.
- ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 8, p. 427.
- ↑ Do the people suppose that they will be let off because they say, ‘We have faith,’ and they will not be tested? (2) Certainly, We tested those who were before them. So Allah shall surely ascertain those who are truthful, and He shall surely ascertain the liars. (Quran 29:2-3)
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāyī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 130-131.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 329.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 8, p. 425.
- ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān, vol. 4, p. 301.
References
- Baḥrānī, Sayyid Hāshim b. Sulaymān. Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom: Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1416 AH.
- Khurramshāhī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn. Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān pazhūhī. Tehran: Dūstān-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna. Edited by Aḥmad ʿAlī Bābāyī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1382 Sh.
- Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān. [n.p]: Markaz Chāp wa Nashr-i Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt, 1371 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Thawāb al-aʿmāl wa ʿiqāb al-aʿmāl. Edited by Muḥammad Riḍā Anṣārī. Qom: Nasīm-i Kawthar, 1382 Sh.
- Ṭabāṭabāyī, Mūhammad Ḥusayn al-. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Second edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1974.
- Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1406 AH.