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Jilsat al-istiraha

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Jilsat al-istirāḥa (Arabic: جِلْسَةُ الاستراحة, lit. 'the sitting of rest') refers to sitting with the body at rest after the second Sajda (prostration) of the prayer and before standing up (Qiyām), in rak'as that do not contain Tashahhud.[1]

Some jurists, such as al-'Allama al-Hilli and Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi, have stated that the recommendation (Istihbab) of this act in prayer is well-known among Shi'a scholars;[2] however, according to al-Sharif al-Murtada, Jilsat al-istiraha is obligatory based on Consensus (ijma') and the Principle of Precaution (Aṣl al-Iḥṭiyāṭ).[3] Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Tabataba'i Yazdi in the book al-Urwa al-wuthqa also considered performing Jilsat al-istiraha to be in accordance with precaution and deemed its obligation highly probable;[4] but al-Allama al-Hilli, a jurist of the 8th/14th century, relying on narrations and the Principle of Exemption (Aṣl al-Barāʾa), disputed the obligation of this act.[5]

According to the fatwa of some xontemporary Shi'a Marja's, performing Jilsat al-istiraha is a matter of Obligatory Precaution, while according to others, it is a matter of Recommended Precaution:[6] In the view of Imam Khomeini, Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulpaygani, Lutfullah Safi Gulpaygani, al-Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, and Husayn Nuri Hamadani, performing Jilsat al-istiraha is in accordance with obligatory precaution;[7] jurists such as Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei, Mirza Jawad Tabrizi, Muhammad Fadil Lankarani, Muhammad Taqi Bahjat, Nasir Makarim Shirazi, and Sayyid Musa Shubayri Zanjani consider performing Jilsat al-istiraha to be in accordance with recommended precaution.[8]

In jurisprudential texts, during Jilsat al-istiraha, Tawarruk for men[9] and Tarabbu' for women[10]—or for both women and men[11]—is considered recommended. Some jurists interpret "Tarabbuʿ" as sitting cross-legged, while others interpret it as kneeling (sitting on two knees).[12] Also, in the sitting of rest, the posture of Iqʿāʾ is considered reprehensible.[13] Iq'a' is a posture where one places the balls of the feet on the ground and rests the buttocks on the heels.[14]

Notes

  1. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1421 AH, vol. 5, p. 466.
  2. ↑ ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 171; Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1421 AH, vol. 5, p. 466.
  3. ↑ Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, Al-Intiṣār, 1441 AH, vol. 1, p. 312.
  4. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, 1419 AH, vol. 2, p. 576.
  5. ↑ ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 172.
  6. ↑ Banī-hāshimī Khumaynī, Risāla-yi tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ, 1392 Sh, vol. 1, p. 584.
  7. ↑ Banī-hāshimī Khumaynī, Risāla-yi tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ, 1392 Sh, vol. 1, p. 584.
  8. ↑ Banī-hāshimī Khumaynī, Risāla-yi tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ, 1392 Sh, vol. 1, p. 584.
  9. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1421 AH, vol. 5, p. 463.
  10. ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1421 AH, vol. 5, p. 465.
  11. ↑ Khūʾī, Al-Mustanad, 1421 AH, vol. 14, p. 261.
  12. ↑ Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh-i Fārsī, 1421 AH, vol. 2, pp. 436-437.
  13. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, 1419 AH, vol. 2, p. 575.
  14. ↑ Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh-i Fārsī, vol. 1, p. 656.

References

  • ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf. Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa fī aḥkām al-sharīʿa. Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
  • Banī-hāshimī Khumaynī, Muḥammad Ḥasan & Uṣūlī, Iḥsān. Risāla-yi tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ. Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1392 Sh.
  • Khūʾī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Al-Mustanad fī sharḥ al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā. Edited by Murtaḍā Burūjirdī. Qom, Muʾassasat Iḥyāʾ Āthār al-Imām al-Khūʾī, 1421 AH.
  • Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī. Farhang-i fiqh-i Fārsī. Qom, Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, 1382 Sh.
  • Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan b. Bāqir. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Edited by Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī bar Madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt (a). Qom, Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī bar Madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt (a), 1421 AH.
  • Sayyid al-Murtaḍā, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. Al-Intiṣār limā infaradat bih al-Imāmiyya. Edited by Ḥusayn Mūsawī Burūjirdī. Mashhad, Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmiyya, 1441 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim. Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā. Qom, Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1419 AH.
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