Sura al-Saff
| al-Mumtahana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sura Number | 61 |
| Juz' | 28 |
| Revelation | |
| Revelation Number | 111 |
| Makki/Madani | Madani |
| Information | |
| Verse Count | 14 |
| Word Count | 226 |
| Letter Count | 966\ |
This article is an introduction to the Sura al-Saff; to read its text see text:Sura al-Saff.Sūra al-Ṣaff (Arabic: سورَة الصَّف) is the sixty first sura of the Qur'an. It is a Madani sura located in the juz' twenty eight. It is called "al-Saff" (literally: line) because its forth verse is about the lines of combatants (mujahidin). Topics mentioned in this sura include:
The exaltation and veneration of God, the reproach of people whose actions do not match their speech, the final victory of God's religion and its spread all over the world and the failure of counteractions by its enemies, and the encouragement of people to fight for God with their possessions and life.
A well-known verse in this sura is "Help from Allah and a victory near at hand, and give good news to the faithful." (verse thirteen) which is giving the good news of victory to the believers. The exegetes take this verse to refer to different conquests by Muslims, including the Conquest of Mecca.
Also, "imminent conquest" is interpreted as the final victory of Imam al-Mahdi (a). As to the virtue of the recitation of this sura, there is a hadith according to which if one recites Sura al-Saff, then as long as he is alive in this world, Jesus (a) will send peace to him and will ask for God's forgiveness for him, and on the day of Resurrection, he will be a companion of Jesus the Christ.
Introduction
- Naming
The sura is known as "al-Saff" (literally: line) because its forth verse refers to the line of combatants (mujahidin). It is also known as "Sura al-Hawāriyyun" (سورة الحواریون, Sura of Disciples) and "Sura 'Isa" (سورة عیسی, Sura of Jesus), because its last verse is concerned with Jesus (a) and his Disciples (that were his closest companions).[1]
- The place and order of the revelation
Sura al-Saff is a Madani sura of the Qur'an, and in the order of the revelation, it is the 111th sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the traditional order of compilation,[2] it is the sixty first sura located in the twenty eighth juz' of the Qur'an.
- The number of verses and other features
Sura al-Saff has forteen verses, 226 words, and 966 letters. It is one of the Mufassalat suras (the ones with numerous and short verses). Since Sura al-Saff begins with the exaltation (or tasbih) of God, it is taken to be one of the Musabbihat suras of the Qur'an as well.[3]
Content
Sura al-Saff calls and encourages the believers to fight on the path of God, and analogizes Islam to a light that unbelievers and the People of the Book try to extinguish, but God will perfect His religion and help it take over all religions, even if unbelievers and polytheists do not like.
The sura goes on to say that Muhammad (s) is a prophet sent from God and that Jesus (a) the son of Mary (a) had given the news of Muhammad's appearance. So, believers should follow Muhammad (s) and help God through jihad; they should not say what they do not do, and if they promise, they should keep it, because such sins lead to God's anger and the unhappiness of the Prophet (s).[4]
| Calling the believers to be persistent on their fight against the enemies of God's religion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction: verse 1 The general exaltation of all beings as a sign that God does not need people's help | First discourse: verses 2-9 The reproach of indolence in helping God's religion | Second discourse: verses 10-13 The reward for the jihad for God's religion | Third discourse: verse 14 Jesus's Disciples, instances of God's true helpers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First reward: verses 10-11 Emancipation from the afterlife punishment | First point: verse 14 The Disciples' announcement of readiness for helping God's religion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second reward: verse 12 Enjoying Heavenly blessings | Second point: verse 14 The victory of Jesus's helpers over their enemies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third reward: verse 13 Victory over the enemy with the help of God | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Famous Verses
Speech without Action
| “ | "O you who have faith! Why do you say what you do not do?, It is greatly outrageous to Allah that you should say what you do not do." | ” |
| — Qur'an 61:2 & 3 | ||
According to the occasion of the revelation of this verse, there were some Muslims who claimed: "if we knew what the most favorite action by God is, we would sacrifice our life and possessions for it". God introduced jihad as His most favorite action and tested them with the Battle of Uhud, but they fled from the battle.[6]
According to Tafsir al-Qummi, people whose actions do not match their speeches were, indeed, those of the companions of the Prophet (s) who had promised him for help, for compliance with his orders, and for fulfilling their pledge to the Prophet (s) about Amir al-Mu'minin (a), but God told them that they would not fulfill their promise.[7]
Victory from Allah
| “ | "Help from Allah and a victory near at hand, and give good news to the faithful. | ” |
| — Qur'an 61:13 | ||
There are different exegetical accounts of what is meant by "imminent conquest". Many people have interpreted it as referring to the Conquest of Mecca, and some have taken it to refer to the conquest of Persia and conquest of Rome, and others hold that it refers to all Islamic conquests that were achieved in a short time. According to Tafsir al-Qummi, "imminent conquest" refers to the victory of Qa'im Al Muhammad.[8] The verse has turned into a slogan or motto among the Shi'as, and in particular, Iranians.
Virtues and Features
There is a hadith from the Prophet (s) according to which if one recites the Sura of Jesus (that is, Sura al-Saff), then Jesus (a) will send peace to him and will ask for his forgiveness as long as he is in this world, and he will be a companion of Jesus (a) on the Day of Resurrection.[9]
According to a hadith from Imam al-Baqir (a), if one recites Sura al-Saff and persists on its recitation in his obligatory and recommended prayers, then God will put him in the same "line" (saff) as that of the angels and prophets (a).[10]
Historical Accounts
- Moses's (a) complaint about his people's harms to him. [11]
- Jesus's (a) call on the Isrealites, his giving the news of the prophethood of Muhammad (s), his miracles, and the accusations of magic against him.[12]
- Jesus's (a) conversations with his Disciples, a faction of Isrealites believing in Jesus (a) and another faction disbelieving him.[13]
External Links
Notes
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1255.
- ↑ Maʿrifat, Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 166.
- ↑ Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1255.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāyī, al-Mīzān, vol. 19, p. 248.
- ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
- ↑ Wāḥidī, Asbāb al-nuzūl, p. 448.
- ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 2, p. 365.
- ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 2, p. 366.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 9, p. 459.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Thawāb al-aʿmāl, p. 118.
- ↑ When Moses said to his people, ‘O my people! Why do you torment me, when you certainly know that I am Allah’s apostle to you? Qur'an 61:5
- ↑ And when Jesus son of Mary said, ‘O Children of Israel! Indeed I am the apostle of Allah to you, to confirm what is before me of the Torah, and to give the good news of an apostle who will come after me, whose name is Ahmad.’ But when he brought them manifest proofs, they said, ‘This is plain magic.’ Qur'an 61:6
- ↑ O you who have faith! Be Allah’s helpers, just as Jesus son of Mary said to his disciples, ‘Who will be my helpers for Allah’s sake?’ The Disciples said, ‘We will be Allah’s helpers!’ So a group of the Children of Israel believed, and a group disbelieved. Then We strengthened the faithful against their enemies, and they came to prevail [over them].Qur'an 61:14
References
- Khurramshāhī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn. Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān pazhūhī. Tehran: Dūstan-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh.
- Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān. Qom: Markaz-i Chāp wa Nashr-i Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1371 Sh.
- Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Fourth edition. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb, 1367 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Thawāb al-aʿmāl wa ʿiqāb al-aʿmāl. Second edition. Qom: Dār al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1406 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāyī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Translated to Farsi by Musawī Hamidānī. Fifth edition. Qom: Daftar al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1374 Sh.
- Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān. Edited by Yazdī Ṭabāṭabāyī & Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Second edition. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusru, 1372 Sh.
- Wāḥidī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-. Asbāb nuzūl al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1411 AH.