Umm Farwa bt. al-Qasim
| Mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a) | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Fatima (or Qariba) bt. al-Qasim b. Muhammad |
| Teknonym | Umm Farwa |
| Well-known Relatives | Imam al-Baqir (a) (husband), Imam al-Sadiq (a) (son) |
| Place of Residence | Medina |
| Burial Place | Al-Baqi' Cemetery, Medina |
Umm Farwa (Arabic: اُمّ فروة) was Imam al-Baqir's (a) wife and mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a). She was the daughter of al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr and her lineage also reaches Abu Bakr from her mother's side. Umm Farwa was a good woman who was praised by Imam al-Sadiq (a). She was also considered a narrator of hadith.
Lineage
Umm Farwa was the daughter of al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, Imam al-Baqir's (a) wife and mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a). Her father was al-Qasim who was trustworthy to Imam al-Sajjad (a) and his companion and was known as the faqih of the people of Hijaz.
The name of Imam al-Sadiq's (a) mother was Fatima or Qariba and her teknonym was Umm Farwa or Umm al-Qasim. Her mother was Asma', daughter of 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Bakr. Since Umm Farwa reached Abu Bakr from both his mother's side and his father's side, Imam al-Sadiq (a) has been called a grandson of Abu Bakr by Sunni people. They narrate a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a) saying, "Fathered me Abu Bakr twice" in which he (a) has twice called himself a child of Abu Bakr. Shi'a regard this narration forged and even taking the standards of Sunni people, it is not reliable.
Narration of Relationship between Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Abu Bakr
In Shi'a sources
Among Shi'a sources, the above-mentioned narration has only been mentioned in Kashf al-ghumma and al-Irbili has narrated it as a mursal narration (whose chain of transmitters is broken) because al-Hafiz 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Janabidhi has narrated it directly from Imam al-Sadiq (a) while he died in 611/1214-5 and Imam al-Sadiq (a) was martyred in 148/765. Moreover, this narration has not been mentioned in any other Shi'a sources.
In Sunni sources
This narration has been narrated by al-Dhahabi without any chain of transmission and although it has been mentioned in Tahdhib al-kamil with chain of transmission, in its chain of its transmitters, Hafs b. Ghiyath exists whose narrations have been considered unreliable. Ibn 'Asakir has also narrated this hadith from a person called Isma'il b. Muhammad b. al-Fadl while al-Dhahabi says that when Ibn 'Asakir met Isma'il, he was very old and his memory was faulty. Besides, in the reference, Ibn 'Asakir has mentioned for this narration, Mu'adh b. al-Muthanna exists who is considered unjust by Ahmad b. Hanbal.
Merits
About his mother, Imam al-Sadiq (a) said, "My mother was faithful, pious and good-doer and God loves good-doers."
Al-Mas'udi considered her among most pious women of her time. Mamaqani described her a pious and good-doing woman. Merits of this woman were so much some called Imam al-Sadiq (a), "Ibn al-Mukarrama" (Son of the Great Woman).
Narrator of Hadiths
Al-Barqi regarded Umm Farwa among narrators of Imam al-Sadiq's (a) hadiths and al-Mas'udi says that she had narrated hadith from 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a). Also, Mamaqani testified to her trustworthiness.
Imam al-Sadiq (a) said that, "my mother narrated a hadith from my father telling her, 'O Umm Farwa, I ask God a thousand times day and night to forgive the sins of my followers, because due to the knowledge we have about rewards, we tolerate about hardships and trials, while our followers tolerate without knowing about them.'"
Umm Farwa had a maid called Sa'ida who was famous for her knowledge and worship.
Grave
Umm Farwa is buried in al-Baqi' cemetery. The exact place of the grave is not known.
See Also
References
- The content of this article is mainly taken from ام فروة مادر امام صادق (ع) in Farsi WikiShia.
