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Template:Sahaba Infobox ʿAbd Allāh or ʿAmr b. Qays b. Zāʾida[1] from the tribe of Banū ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy[2] was a Companion of Prophet Muhammad (s).[3] It is said that whoever of Bilāl and Ibn Umm Maktūm arrived at the mosque first would recite the Adhan, and the other would recite the Iqama.[4]

According to historians, his name was Ḥuṣayn before Islam, but the Prophet (s) named him ʿAbd Allāh.[5] His father was the maternal uncle of Khadīja (a), the wife of the Prophet (s), and his mother was ʿĀtika bt. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAnkatha from the Makhzūm clan.[6] There is no precise information about his date of birth or how he became blind, but it is said that he lost his sight in childhood.[7]

According to reports by historians, Ibn Umm Maktūm was present in Mecca early in the Bi'tha (Prophetic mission) and became interested in Islam. When the Prophet (s) was speaking with some leaders of the Quraysh, such as al-Walid b. al-Mughira, hoping that they would convert to Islam, Ibn Umm Maktūm asked the Prophet (s) to recite the Qur'an for him.

According to historians and exegetes, verses 1 and 2 of Sura ʿAbasa were revealed concerning him.[8] It is also said that after the Battle of Tabuk, verse 95 of Sura al-Nisa' was revealed reprimanding those who refrained from participating in the battle; nevertheless, Ibn Umm Maktūm would participate in battles afterward, saying: "Give the war banner to me, for I am blind and cannot flee."[9]

Some historians have said that he and Mus'ab b. 'Umayr were the first to go to Medina before the Migration to invite people to Islam,[10] but some sources have indicated that he migrated to Medina after the Battle of Badr[11] and settled in the Suffa of the Prophet's Mosque.[12]

It is said that the Prophet (s) had special trust in him and appointed him as his deputy in Medina during various battles, including Uhud, Khandaq, Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayza.[13]

It is said that Ibn Umm Maktūm was present in the Battle of al-Qadisiyya holding a black banner. Then he returned to Medina and died there;[14] and according to a narration, he was killed in the same battle.[15] A grave in Bab al-Saghir Cemetery is attributed to him.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn Hishām, Al-Sīra al-nabawiyya, Dār al-Maʿrifa, vol. 1, p. 390; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 3, pp. 997-998.
  2. ↑ Zubayrī, Nasab Quraysh, 1951, p. 343; Ibn Ḥibbān, Mashāhīr ʿulamāʾ al-amṣār, 1959, p. 16.
  3. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 364.
  4. ↑ Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, 1415 AH, vol. 2, p. 42.
  5. ↑ Zubayrī, Nasab Quraysh, 1951, p. 343; Ibn Ḥibbān, Mashāhīr ʿulamāʾ al-amṣār, 1959, p. 16.
  6. ↑ Ibn Ḥazm, Jamharat ansāb al-ʿArab, 1983, p. 171.
  7. ↑ Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 1985, vol. 1, p. 362.
  8. ↑ Ibn Hishām, Al-Sīra al-nabawiyya, Dār al-Maʿrifa, vol. 1, pp. 389-390; Sayyid Murtaḍā, Tanzīh al-anbiyāʾ, pp. 118-119; Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 9, pp. 663-664.
  9. ↑ Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 1985, vol. 1, p. 364.
  10. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 1, p. 234.
  11. ↑ Ibn Qutayba, Al-Maʿārif, 1960, p. 290.
  12. ↑ Abū Nuʿaym, Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ, 1967, vol. 2, p. 4.
  13. ↑ Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ, Tārīkh Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ, 1415 AH, vol. 1, p. 71; Wāqidī, Al-Maghāzī, 1409 AH, various places.
  14. ↑ Ibn Qutayba, Al-Maʿārif, 1960, p. 290.
  15. ↑ Dhahabī, Al-ʿIbar, p. 15.
  16. ↑ Qāʾidān, Aṣghar, Amākin-i siyāḥatī wa ziyāratī-yi Dimashq, Anhar Digital Library.

References

  • Abū Nuʿaym, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh. Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ wa ṭabaqāt al-aṣfiyāʾ. Beirut, 1967.
  • Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. Al-ʿIbar fī khabar man ghabar. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.
  • Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ. Ed. Shuʿayb al-Arnaʾūṭ. Beirut, 1985.
  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. Beirut, Dār al-Jīl, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥazm, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad. Jamharat ansāb al-ʿArab. Beirut, 1983.
  • Ibn Ḥibbān, Muḥammad. Mashāhīr ʿulamāʾ al-amṣār. Cairo, 1959.
  • Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. Al-Sīra al-nabawiyya. Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
  • Ibn Qutayba, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muslim. Al-Maʿārif. Beirut, 1960.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410 AH.
  • Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ. Tārīkh Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ. Ed. Najīb Fawwāz. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH.
  • Sayyid Murtaḍā, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Tanzīh al-anbiyāʾ. Qom, Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, n.d.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 3rd ed., 1372 Sh.
  • Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī. Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1409 AH.
  • Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Isḥāq al-. Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1415 AH.
  • Zubayrī, Muṣʿab b. ʿAbd Allāh. Nasab Quraysh. Ed. E. Lévi-Provençal. Cairo, 1951.

Template:Bab al-Saghir Cemetery

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