Draft:Masjid al-Ghamama
 | |
| General Information | |
|---|---|
| Founder | 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz |
| Established | 2nd/8th century |
| Type | Mosque |
| Location | Medina |
| Other names | Masjid al-Istisqa' • Masjid al-Musalla • Musalla al-'Idayn • Cloud Mosque |
| Related events | Performance of Eid Prayers by the Prophet (s) • Performance of Prayer for Rain by the Prophet (s) |
| Specifications | |
| Status | Active |
| Area | 773 square meters |
| Architecture | |
| Renovation | In various years |
Masjid al-Ghamāma (Arabic: مسجد الغمامة), also designated as Masjid al-Istisqāʾ[1] and Masjid al-Muṣallā,[2] stands as a prominent historical mosque in Medina. Occupying an area of 773 square meters, it is situated southwest of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, approximately 300 meters distant.[3] Historical accounts state that the Prophet (s) performed the inaugural Eid Prayer of 2/624 in Medina[4] within an open expanse known as "Manakha".[5] During the caliphate of 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, this site was formally consecrated as a mosque.[6] A narration attributed to Abu Sa'id al-Khudri indicates that the Prophet (s) would proceed to the Musalla (place of prayer) on the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha and, following the prayer, would deliver the Eid sermon.[7]
The mosque served as the primary venue for Eid Prayer until the close of the 9th/15th century.[8]
The term Ghamāma denotes a cloud.[9] Two prominent traditions explain this appellation: one asserts that a cloud provided shade over the Prophet's (s) head during prayer,[10] while another suggests that clouds gathered and rain fell immediately following his performance of the Prayer for Rain (Istisqāʾ).[11] It has also been referred to as "Masjid al-Musalla"[12] because the Prophet (s) observed the prayers of the two Eids at this location.[13]
Masjid al-Ghamama has undergone numerous renovations throughout its history.[14] Repairs were conducted in the 2nd/8th century and again in the 8th/14th century between the years 748/1347-48 and 753/1352-53. The most significant structural restorations date to the reign of Sultan Hasan, a grandson of Qalawun of Egypt.[15] The edifice was further renovated during the Ottoman era in two distinct periods: under Abdülmecid I (r. 1255/1839 – 1277/1861) and Sultan Abdul Hamid II (r. 1293/1876 – 1327/1909). During the reign of Fahd b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, the former King of Saudi Arabia, extensive restoration and beautification of Masjid al-Ghamama were undertaken; the inscription recording these works is dated 1411/1990-1.[16]
Masjid al-Ghamama is located opposite the Bab al-Salam gate of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi. A green placard bearing the name of the mosque is affixed above the entrance portal.[17] distinct architectural features include six domes of varying dimensions and exterior arches adorned with black basalt and white detailing.[18]
Notes
- ↑ Najafī, Madīna-shināsī, 1386 Sh, p. 234.
- ↑ Samhūdī, Akhbār-i Madīna, 1376 Sh, p. 439.
- ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka-yi Mukarrama wa Madīna-yi Munawwara, 1385 Sh, p. 258.
- ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka-yi Mukarrama wa Madīna-yi Munawwara, 1385 Sh, p. 258.
- ↑ Ḥasanī, Sīrī dar amākin-i sarzamīn-i waḥy, 1371 Sh, p. 58.
- ↑ Samhūdī, Akhbār-i Madīna, 1376 Sh, p. 439; Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka-yi Mukarrama wa Madīna-yi Munawwara, 1385 Sh, p. 258.
- ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, 1379 Sh, p. 347.
- ↑ "Masjid-i Ghamāma, maḥall-i sāya-yi abr bar Rasūl-i Akram (s) dar Madīna-yi Munawwara", Shabestan News Agency.
- ↑ Shahīdī, ʿArshiyān, 1383 Sh, p. 102.
- ↑ Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, Mawsūʿat istidlāliyya fī l-fiqh al-Islāmī, 1407 AH, vol. 46, p. 117.
- ↑ Najafī, Madīna-shināsī, 1386 Sh, p. 234.
- ↑ Samhūdī, Akhbār-i Madīna, 1376 Sh, p. 439.
- ↑ Khuwaylid, Al-Masājid wa l-amākin al-athariyya, 1420 AH, p. 9.
- ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, 1379 Sh, p. 349.
- ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka-yi Mukarrama wa Madīna-yi Munawwara, 1385 Sh, p. 258; Samhūdī, Akhbār-i Madīna, 1376 Sh, p. 439.
- ↑ Jaʿfariyān, Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna, 1379 Sh, p. 349.
- ↑ "Masjid-i Ghamāma, maḥall-i sāya-yi abr bar Rasūl-i Akram (s) dar Madīna-yi Munawwara", Shabestan News Agency.
- ↑ "Masjid-i Ghamāma, maḥall-i sāya-yi abr bar Rasūl-i Akram (s) dar Madīna-yi Munawwara", Shabestan News Agency.
References
- Ḥasanī, ʿAlī Akbar. Sīrī dar amākin-i sarzamīn-i waḥy. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1371 Sh.
- Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, Sayyid Muḥammad. Mawsūʿat istidlāliyya fī l-fiqh al-Islāmī. Qom, Muʾassisa al-Fikr al-Islāmī, 1407 AH.
- Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1379 Sh.
- Khuwaylid, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Al-Masājid wa l-amākin al-athariyya. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1420 AH.
- "Masjid-i Ghamāma, maḥall-i sāya-yi abr bar Rasūl-i Akram (s) dar Madīna-yi Munawwara". Shabestan News Agency. Published: 19 Khordad 1399 Sh. Available online.
- Najafī, Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna-shināsī. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.
- Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka-yi Mukarrama wa Madīna-yi Munawwara. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1385 Sh.
- Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Akhbār-i Madīna. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1376 Sh.
- Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. ʿArshiyān. Tehran, Mashʿar, 1383 Sh.