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Imam al-Husayn's Prayer on the Noon of Ashura

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This article is about the Prayer of Imam al-Husayn (a) on the Noon of Ashura. For ritual performed under the same name, see Ashura Noon Prayer (ritual).
Painting of Ashura Noon Prayer by Hamid Jawanmardi, kept in the museum of the Shah Cheragh Holy Shrine.[1]

Imam al-Husayn's (a) Prayer on the Noon of Ashura refers to the noon and afternoon prayers[2] that Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions performed on the battlefield on the Day of Ashura in 61/680. The prayer was performed as a prayer of fear and in congregation.[3] Some have stated that this action thwarted the enemies' attempts to portray Imam al-Husayn (a) as an irreligious person.[4]

According to historical reports, Abu Thumama al-Sa'idi reminded Imam al-Husayn (a) of the prayer time at noon, and the Imam (a) prayed for him.[5] Imam al-Husayn (a) requested a truce from the enemy to perform prayer,[6] but the enemy refused.[7] Therefore, he ordered Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi to stand with half of the companions in front of the enemy so that the other companions could perform the prayer in congregation. Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah stood against the enemy's arrows and was martyred after being struck by thirteen arrows.[8]

The Ashura prayer has been reflected in art and literature. Some have depicted this event in paintings,[9] and several poets such as Shahriyar,[10] Saghir Isfahani,[11] and Habib Allah Chaychian[12] have mentioned it in their works.[13]

In countries such as Iran, Iraq[14], Russia[15], England[16] and the Netherlands[17] following the example of Imam al-Husayn (a), the ritual of performing the Zuhr and Asr prayers in congregation in mosques and streets after the Ashura mourning ceremonies every year is practiced.[18] It is reported that Iranian prisoners in the prisons of the Ba'athist regime of Iraq, following the prayer of Imam al-Husayn (a), used to perform their prayers in congregation.[19]

Despite the lives of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions being in danger, this action is evaluated in line with the practice of Qur'an 4:102, as well as the Prophetic Sira[20] and the Sira of Imam Ali (a)[21] who performed the prayer of fear in congregation during battles.[22] Some researchers have considered it a symbol of the significance of prayer[23] and a reviver of divine obligations.[24] It has also been said that prayer should take precedence over all matters, even jihad.[25]

Notes

  1. ↑ Display of the painting "The Noon Prayer of 'Ashura" at the Shah Cheragh (a) Shrine Museum.
  2. ↑ Rūḥānī, ʿĀshūrā wa qiyām-i Imām Ḥusayn (a), p. 51.
  3. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 105; Ṭūsī, al-Khilāf, vol. 1, p. 636.
  4. ↑ Was it a correct act for Imam al-Husayn (a) to perform the noon prayer (Salat al-Zuhr) on the day of 'Ashura in the battlefield, despite the extreme danger to his life?, (Persian).
  5. ↑ Abū Mikhnaf, Waqʿat al-ṭaff, p. 229.
  6. ↑ Abū Mikhnaf, Waqʿat al-ṭaff, p. 230.
  7. ↑ Qummī, Safīnat al-biḥār, vol. 1, p. 652.
  8. ↑ Ibn Ṭāwūs, al-Luhūf, p. 111; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 45, p. 21.
  9. ↑ See: The storage of the paintings "Noon Prayer of 'Ashura" and "The Standard-Bearer of Karbala" at the Rezvân School of Art, (Persian).
  10. ↑ Shahriyār, Dīvān-i Shahriyār, vol. 1, p. 503.
  11. ↑ Collectanea, Farhang-i ʿĀshūrāʾī, vol. 11, p. 43.
  12. ↑ The Bloody Mission, An Unpublished Poem by Hassān "The Noon Prayer of 'Ashura, (Persian)
  13. ↑ The Manifestation of Prayer in the Great Revolution of 'Ashura (2).
  14. ↑ A stunning scene of the Noon Prayer of 'Ashura in Karbala, may it be glorified.; Holding the congregational noon prayer on the Day of 'Ashura at the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Aba al-Fadl al-'Abbas (a).
  15. ↑ The Day of 'Ashura in Muslim-populated regions of Russia, (Persian).
  16. ↑ Holding the Noon Prayer of 'Ashura in London, (Persian).
  17. ↑ The global frequency of Muharram: from standard-bearing in Los Angeles to boat mourning in Kashmir.
  18. ↑ The approach of the Headquarters for the Establishment of Prayer in organizing the Noon Prayer of 'Ashura, (Persian).
  19. ↑ Raḥmāniyān, Qiṣṣih-yi namāz-i āzādigān, p. 231.
  20. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 3, p. 456; Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 1, p. 310.
  21. ↑ Ṭūsī, Tahdhīb al-aḥkām, vol. 3, p. 173.
  22. ↑ Was it a correct act for Imam al-Husayn (a) to perform the noon prayer (Salat al-Zuhr) on the day of 'Ashura in the battlefield, despite the extreme danger to his life?, (Persian)
  23. ↑ Aʿrāfī, Fiqh-i tarbiyatī, vol. 24, p. 249; Shafīʿī, Gūhar-hā-yi manthūr, vol. 3, p. 457.
  24. ↑ Muḥaddithī, Farhang-i ʿĀshūrā, p. 485.
  25. ↑ Aʿrāfī, Fiqh-i tarbiyatī, vol. 24, p. 249.

References

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