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Draft:Verse 56 of Sura al-Ma'ida

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Verse 56 of Sura al-Ma'ida
Verse's Information
Suraal-Ma'ida (Qur'an 5)
Verse56
Juz'6
Content Information
Place of
Revelation		Medina
TopicTheological
AboutAcceptance of Wilaya
Related VersesQur'an 5:55 (Verse of Wilaya)


Qur'an 5:56 identifies those who embrace the wilāya (guardianship) of God, His Messenger, and specific believers as the "Party of God" (Ḥizb Allāh), proclaiming their ultimate victory.[1] Exegetes regard this verse as a continuation and completion of the themes established in the preceding Verse of Wilaya.[2] Shi'a scholars, analyzing the collective connotation of the term ḥizb (party), interpret Wilaya in this context as denoting guardianship, leadership, and authoritative governance.[3] According to Fakhr al-Razi, a prominent Sunni exegete, the term "Hizb Allah" has also been equated with "Jund Allah" (Army of God) and "Ansar Allah" (Helpers of God).[4] The commentary Atyab al-bayan interprets the promised victory as salvation encompassing both this world and the hereafter.[5] In contrast, Sunni exegetes generally interpret the concept of wilaya in this verse as signifying friendship and assistance.[6]

Shi'a exegetes, alongside certain Sunni scholars, maintain that this verse was revealed in honor of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a).[7] Regarding the occasion of revelation, narratives state that following the descent of the Verse 55 of Sura al-Ma'ida, the Prophet (s) proceeded to the mosque with his companions. Upon being informed that Imam 'Ali (a) had bestowed his ring upon a beggar while in the state of bowing (rukūʿ) during prayer, the Prophet (s) exclaimed Takbir (Allāhu Akbar) and recited Qur'an 5:56.[8]

Both Shi'a and Sunni exegetes agree that the term "yatawalla" in Qur'an 5:56 is derived from the root "w-l-y" and signifies the acceptance of wilaya.[9] However, diverging from Sunni interpretations that define the term as 'friendship' or 'assistance,' Shi'a exegetes define "Wali" as 'guardian' or 'administrator' in this context.[10] From their perspective, believers are required to be *wilāya*-accepting (submitting to guardianship);[11] thus, whoever adheres to the wilaya of God and the Infallible Imams (a) constitutes the Hizb Allah and is assured victory.[12] Nasir Makarem Shirazi emphasizes that the usage of "Hizb Allah" and "ghalaba" (victory) reinforces the interpretation of wilaya as guardianship and governance, rather than mere friendship.[13]

A portion of Qur'an 5:56 on the logo of Hezbollah (Lebanon)

Shi'a scholars cite this verse as scriptural evidence for the succession of Imam 'Ali (a) following Prophet Muhammad (s),[14] attributing the phrase "those who believe" (al-ladhīna āmanū) specifically to Imam 'Ali (a).[15] Al-Hakim al-Haskani, a Sunni scholar, also asserts that verse 56 praises 'Ali (a), quoting Ibn 'Abbas to state that "Hizb Allah" encompasses the "Shi'at Allah" (Party of God), "Shi'at Muhammad," and "Shi'at 'Ali." He further interprets "ghalibun" (victorious) as referring to the superior servants of God and their triumph over opponents.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 433; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 433; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10.
  3. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 4, 1371 Sh, p. 433; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10.
  4. ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, 1420 AH, vol. 12, p. 387.
  5. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1369 Sh, vol. 4, p. 405.
  6. ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, 1420 AH, vol. 12, pp. 386-387; Al-Bayḍāwī, Anwār al-tanzīl, 1418 AH, vol. 1, p. 5; Rashīd Riḍā, Tafsīr al-manār, 1414 AH, vol. 1, p. 2.
  7. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10; Fakhr al-Rāzī, Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, 1420 AH, vol. 12, pp. 386-387; Al-Bayḍāwī, Anwār al-tanzīl, 1418 AH, vol. 1, p. 5; Rashīd Riḍā, Tafsīr al-manār, 1414 AH, vol. 1, p. 2; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm, 1419 AH, vol. 3, p. 127.
  8. ↑ Al-Wāḥidī, Asbāb al-nuzūl, 1411 AH, p. 202.
  9. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10; Fakhr al-Rāzī, Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, 1420 AH, vol. 12, pp. 386-387; Rashīd Riḍā, Tafsīr al-manār, 1414 AH, vol. 1, p. 2; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm, 1419 AH, vol. 3, p. 127.
  10. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 433; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10; Jawādī Āmulī, Tafsīr-i Tasnīm, 1391 Sh, vol. 23, p. 152; Al-Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 7, p. 83.
  11. ↑ Jawādī Āmulī, Tafsīr-i Tasnīm, 1391 Sh, vol. 23, p. 152; Jaʿfarī, Tafsīr Kawthar, 1376 Sh, vol. 3, p. 192.
  12. ↑ Jawādī Āmulī, Tafsīr-i Tasnīm, 1391 Sh, vol. 23, p. 152; Jaʿfarī, Tafsīr Kawthar, 1376 Sh, vol. 3, p. 192.
  13. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 433.
  14. ↑ Al-Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 7, p. 89; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10.
  15. ↑ Al-Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 7, p. 89; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 6, p. 10.
  16. ↑ Al-Ḥaskānī, Shawāhid al-tanzīl, 1411 AH, vol. 1, p. 246.

References

  • Al-Bayḍāwī, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar. Anwār al-tanzīl wa asrār al-taʾwīl. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1418 AH.
  • Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1420 AH.
  • Al-Ḥaskānī, ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh. Shawāhid al-tanzīl li-qawāʿid al-tafḍīl. Tehran: Wizārat al-Thaqāfa wa al-Irshād al-Islāmī, 1411 AH.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419 AH.
  • Jaʿfarī, Yaʿqūb. Tafsīr Kawthar. Qom: Hijrat, 1376 Sh.
  • Jawādī Āmulī, ʿAbd Allāh. Tafsīr-i Tasnīm. Qom: Isrāʾ, 1391 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1371 Sh.
  • Rashīd Riḍā, Muḥammad. Tafsīr al-manār. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1414 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1390 AH.
  • Al-Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
  • Ṭayyib, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran: Islām, 1369 Sh.
  • Al-Wāḥidī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad. Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1411 AH.
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