Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi

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Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi
LineageHimyar
Death66/685-6
Cause of DeathHe was killed by al-Mukhtar's companions
EraYazid b. Mu'awiyya, Umayyad dynasty
Known forKilling Ja'far b. 'Ali and 'Uthman b. Ali


Khawlī b. Yazīd al-Aṣbaḥī al-Iyādī al-Dārimī (Arabic: خولي بن يزيد الاصبحي الإیادي الدارمي) was in the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd in the Event of Karbala who participated in the killing and martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), 'Uthman, and Ja'far sons of Imam 'Ali (a). By order of 'Umar b. Sa'd, after the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), Khawli and Humayd b. Muslim al-Azdi took the head of Imam (a) to Ibn Ziyad. But, because they arrived there at night and the palace was closed, Khawli took the head to his house, making his wife seriously admonish him. This event is narrated in the mourning ceremonies of Shi'a as "Elegy of the Oven of Khawli". In some sources, beheading Imam al-Husayn (a) is attributed to Khawli. He was killed in the uprising of al-Mukhtar in 66/685.

Biography

There is no report in history books about his birth. He was not a famous nor an important person; thus his lineage is unknown. His father was Yazid al-Asbahi, who is said to be from the tribe of Himyar.[1] He was present in Karbala and was counted as one of the killers of Imam al-Husayn (a).[2] Al-Nawar bt. Malik[3] or 'Ayuf[4] was Khawli's wife. When Khawli took the head of Imam (a) to his house, his wife admonished him. She also later told the companions of al-Mukhtar about the hiding place of Khawli.[5] Al-Tabari mentioned that al-Nawar bt. Malik was from the Banu Asad tribe. He also mentioned that Khawli had another wife from Hadramis.[6]

In the Day of 'Ashura'

It is said that he was one of the killers of Ja'far b. 'Ali and 'Uthman b. Ali.[7] Khawli shot 'Uthman by an arrow and a man from Banu Darim killed him.[8] In Ziyarah al-Shuhada', Khawli is cursed as the person who shot arrows toward 'Uthman b. Ali.[9]

After that Imam al-Husayn (a) had received many injuries and felt exhausted, Khawli, encouraged by Shimr or Sinan, intended to decapitate Imam al-Husayn (a); but he started shivering in a way that he could not do that. Sinan reproached him and cut Imam al-Husayn's pure head by himself.[10] However, in some reports, it is said that Khawli was the one who decapitated Imam al-Husayn (a).[11] Regardless of the details, he was counted in most of the reports as one of the killers of Imam al-Husayn (a).[12]

After 'Ashura'

'Umar b. Sa'd gave Imam al-Husayn's pure head to Khawli so that he took it to Kufa to 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and give him the news of the victory of Kufa army.[13] Khawli arrived in Kufa at night so took the head of Imam (a) to his house and put it under a basin[14] and told his wife, "I have brought you something that will make us needless forever. This is the head of al-Husayn (a), which is in your house." His wife said: "Woe be to you! Others have brought gold and silver and you have brought the head of the son of the Prophet (s)! By God, I swear that my head and yours would never gather in one house."[15]

It is famously said among people that Khawli hid the head of Imam (a) in the oven of his house. Mourning for this event is recited in the second and third ten-days of Muharram and is known as "Elegy of the Oven of Khawli".

Death

After that al-Mukhtar took control of Kufa, he sent Abu 'Umra to track down the killers of Imam al-Husayn (a) including Khawli.[16] When Khawli knew that al-Mukhtar's companions are at his door, he hid in the cesspit. They asked his wife about him and she, who was displeased with him and had rebuked him for bringing the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) to her house, pointed to his hideout. Al-Mukhtar's companions brought him out and took him to al-Mukhtar. al-Mukhtar ordered them to kill him near his house and then burn his body.[17]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 1, p. 393; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 206.
  2. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 1, p. 393; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 468; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 6, p. 276.
  3. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 206; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 8, p. 189.
  4. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 6, p. 407.
  5. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 206; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, vol. 4, p. 240.
  6. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 6, p. 59.
  7. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 468.
  8. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 201; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, vol. 4, p. 92; Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 109.
  9. ↑ Ibn Mashhadī, al-Mazār al-kabīr, p. 487.
  10. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 453; Abū Mikhnaf, Waqʿat al-ṭaff, p. 255; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 45, p. 55.
  11. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 1, p. 393; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 204, 218; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 8, p. 272.
  12. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 450; Abū Mikhnaf, Waqʿat al-ṭaff, p. 253.
  13. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 113; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 45, p. 62, 107; Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib, vol. 4, p. 112.
  14. ↑ Abū Mikhnaf, Waqʿat al-ṭaff, p. 258.
  15. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 206; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, vol. 4, p. 80; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 455.
  16. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 6, p. 407.
  17. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 6, p. 406; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, vol. 4, p. 240; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 6, p. 59.

References

  • Abū Mikhnaf, Lūṭ b. Yaḥyā. Waqʿat al-ṭaff. Third edition. Qom: Daftar-i Nashr-i Islāmī, 1417 AH.
  • Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Mūḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1977 AH.
  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
  • Ibn Mashhadī, Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar. Al-Mazār al-kabīr. Qom: Daftar-i Nashr-i Islāmī, 1387 Sh.
  • Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib. Qom: Intishārāt-i ʿAllāma, 1379 Sh.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1404 AH.
  • Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Irshād. Qom: Kungira-yi Jahānī-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH.
  • Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1387 AH.
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