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Draft:Prayer of Fatima (a)

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Prayer of Fatima (a) is a recommended prayer taught by Gabriel to Fatima al-Zahra (a) and is considered effective for resolving significant difficulties. This two-unit (rak'a) prayer is also known as the Prayer of the Awwabin (the prayer of those who often turn to God). In the first rak'a, following Sura al-Hamd, Sura al-Qadr is recited one hundred times; in the second rak'a, following Sura al-Hamd, Sura al-Tawhid is recited one hundred times. After the taslim of the prayer, the supplication "Subhan dhi l-'izz al-shamikh..." is recited.

Hadith sources also mention other prayers under the title of the Prayer of Fatima (a).

Importance of the Prayer

Regarding the Prayer of Fatima (a), a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a) states that whenever a major problem arises, one should perform a two-rak'a prayer; this was the prayer that Fatima al-Zahra (a) used to perform.[1] This prayer is also referred to as the Prayer of the Awwabin (the prayer of those who return to God).[2] According to Shaykh Abbas Qummi, Gabriel taught this prayer to Fatima (a).[3]

How to Perform the Prayer

Shaykh Abbas Qummi describes the Prayer of Fatima (a) in Mafatih al-jinan, stating that Fatima al-Zahra (a) performed a two-rak'a prayer. In the first rak'a, after reciting Sura al-Hamd, she recited Sura al-Qadr one hundred times. In the second rak'a, after Sura al-Hamd, she recited Sura al-Tawhid one hundred times. Following the taslim of the prayer, she would recite a specific supplication.[Note 1][4]

According to Sayyid b. Tawus in Jamal al-usbu', it is preferable to recite the Tasbih of Fatima (a) after the prayer, followed by sending salawat one hundred times.[5]

Al-Shaykh al-Tusi notes in Misbah al-mutahajjid that it is appropriate after the prayer to uncover the knees and elbows, place all parts of prostration on the ground without any barrier, ask for one's needs, supplicate for whatever one desires, and recite a specific dhikr[Note 2] while in the state of prostration.[6]

Other Prayers

Hadith sources mention other prayers under the title of the Prayer of Fatima (a), including:

  1. Shaykh al-Tusi and Sayyid b. Tawus narrate that Muhammad b. Ali al-Halabi asked Imam al-Sadiq (a) on Friday to teach him an act that would be the best of deeds on this day. Imam al-Sadiq (a) replied: "I do not know anyone who was greater in the sight of the Messenger of Allah (s) than Fatima (a), and I do not know anything better than what the Prophet (s) taught his daughter." He then said: "On Friday, one should perform ghusl and pray two sets of two-rak'a prayers. In the first rak'a after Sura al-Hamd, recite Sura al-Tawhid fifty times; in the second rak'a after Sura al-Hamd, recite Sura al-Adiyat fifty times; in the third rak'a after Sura al-Hamd, recite Sura al-Zalzal fifty times; and in the fourth rak'a after Sura al-Hamd, recite Sura al-Fath fifty times." After the prayer, a specific supplication[Note 3] should be recited.[7]
  2. Based on a tradition that Shaykh al-Saduq narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a), the Prayer of Fatima, also called the Prayer of the Awwabin, consists of four rak'as. In each rak'a, after Sura al-Hamd, Sura al-Tawhid is recited fifty times.[8] Shaykh al-Saduq adds that since the people of Kufa knew it by the name of the Prayer of Fatima, he included it in his book and mentioned its reward.[9]

Furthermore, 'Allama Majlisi in Bihar al-anwar,[10] Ahmad Rahmani Hamadani in Fatimat al-Zahra' bahjat qalb al-Mustafa,[11] Isma'il Ansari Zanjani in al-Mawsu'at al-kubra 'an Fatima al-Zahra',[12] and Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Musawi in al-Kawthar fi ahwal Fatima[13] have narrated other prayers bearing the name of the Prayer of Fatima (a).

Notes

  1. ↑ Subḥān dhī l-ʿizz al-shāmikh al-munīf, subḥān dhī l-jalāl al-bādhikh al-ʿaẓīm, subḥān dhī l-mulk al-fākhir al-qadīm, subḥān man labisa l-bahjata wa-l-jamāl, subḥān man taraddā bi-l-nūr wa-l-waqār, subḥān man yarā athara l-naml fī l-ṣafā, subḥān man yarā waqʿa l-ṭayr fī l-hawāʾ, subḥān man huwa hākadhā lā hākadhā ghayruh; Glory be to the One who possesses the lofty and high glory, glory be to the One who is the owner of the exalted and great majesty, glory be to the One who possesses the ancient and proud kingdom, glory be to the One who wears the garment of beauty and joy, glory be to the One who is covered in light and dignity, glory be to the One who sees the footprint of the ant on the hard stone, glory be to the One who sees the path of the bird in the air, glory be to the One who is thus, and none but He is thus. (Qummī, Mafātīḥ al-jinān, Uswa, p. 41.)
  2. ↑ Yā man laysa ghayruhu rabbun yudʿā, yā man laysa fawqahu ilāhun yukhshā, yā man laysa dūnahu malikun yuttaqā, yā man laysa lahu wazīrun yuʾtā, yā man laysa lahu ḥājibun yurshā, yā man laysa lahu bawwābun yughshā, yā man lā yazdādu ʿalā kathrat al-suʾāl illā karaman wa-jūdan wa-ʿalā kathrat al-dhunūb illā ʿafwan wa-ṣafḥā, ṣalli ʿalā Muḥammad wa-āli Muḥammad (and then ask for one's needs). Translation: O One besides whom there is no Lord to be called upon, O One above whom there is no God to be feared, O One besides whom there is no ruler to be avoided, O One who has no minister to be approached through, O One who has no chamberlain to be bribed, O One who has no gatekeeper to be bypassed, O One whom the frequency of requests only increases in generosity and bounty, and the frequency of sins only increases in pardon and forgiveness; send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad.
  3. ↑ Ilāhī wa-sayyidī man tahayyaʾa aw taʿabbaʾa aw aʿadda aw istahadda li-wifādat makhlūq rajāʾa rifdih wa-fawāʾidih wa-nāʾilih wa-fawāḍilih wa-jawāʾizih, fa-ilayka yā ilāhī kānat tahyiʾatī wa-taʿbiʾatī wa-iʿdādī wa-istiʿdādī rajāʾa fawāʾidik wa-maʿrūfik wa-nāʾilik wa-jawāʾizik... (and continue the supplication). Translation: My God and my Master! If others have prepared and equipped and readied themselves for the arrival of a creature like themselves in hope of his support, benefits, gifts, merits, and prizes, then my preparation, equipment, and readiness are only toward You, O my God, in hope of Your benefits, Your kindness, Your gifts, and Your prizes...

References

  • Anṣārī Zanjānī, Ismāʿīl. al-Mawsūʿat al-kubrā ʿan Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ. Qom: Dalīl-i Mā, 1428 AH.
  • Raḥmānī Hamadānī, Aḥmad. Fāṭimat al-Zahrāʾ bahjat qalb al-Muṣṭafā (s). Tehran: Munīr, 1378 Sh.
  • Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs Ḥillī, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. Jamāl al-usbūʿ. Tehran: Muʾassasat al-Āfāq, 1371 Sh.
  • Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh. Qom: Jāmiʿa Mudarrisīn, 1413 AH.
  • Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan. Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid. Beirut: Muʾassasat Fiqh al-Shīʿa, 1411 AH.
  • ʿAllāma Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH.
  • Qummī, ʿAbbās. Mafātīḥ al-jinān. Qom: Uswa, n.d.
  • Mūsawī, Muḥammad Bāqir. al-Kawthar fī aḥwāl Fāṭima bint al-Nabī al-Aṭhar. Qom: Dalīl-i Mā, 1386 Sh.
  • Nūrī, Mīrzā Ḥusayn. Mustadrak al-wasāʾil. Beirut: Muʾassasa Āl al-Bayt, n.d.
  1. ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, vol. 6, p. 302.
  2. ↑ ʿAllāma Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 88, p. 171.
  3. ↑ Qummī, Mafātīḥ al-jinān, Uswa, p. 41.
  4. ↑ Qummī, Mafātīḥ al-jinān, Uswa, p. 41.
  5. ↑ Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, Jamāl al-usbūʿ, 1371 Sh, p. 171.
  6. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid, 1411 AH, p. 301.
  7. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid, 1411 AH, p. 315; Ibn Ṭāwūs, Jamāl al-usbūʿ, 1371 Sh, p. 172.
  8. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, 1413 AH, vol. 1, p. 544.
  9. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, 1413 AH, vol. 1, p. 566.
  10. ↑ ʿAllāma Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 88, pp. 183–185.
  11. ↑ Raḥmānī Hamadānī, Fāṭimat al-Zahrāʾ bahjat qalb al-Muṣṭafā, 1378 Sh, pp. 223–228.
  12. ↑ Anṣārī, al-Mawsūʿat al-kubrā, 1428 AH, vol. 22, pp. 398–426.
  13. ↑ Mūsawī, al-Kawthar fī aḥwāl Fāṭima bint al-Nabī al-Aṭhar, 1386 Sh, vol. 4, pp. 535–556.
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