Abu Turab: Difference between revisions
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{{infobox | |||
| bodyclass = vcard | |||
| bodystyle = border-radius: 5px;background-color:#dbf2cf | |||
| labelstyle = background-color:#a9d791; padding-left:5px; vertical-align:middle; | |||
| above = 'Ali b. Abi Talib<br /> <small>1st [[Shi'a]] [[Imam]] </small> <br /> <small>4th [[Caliph]] of [[Rashidun Caliphate]] </small> <br /> | |||
[[Amir al-Mu'minin]] | |||
| image = [[File:Imam Ali (a)-2.jpg|280px|frameless|center]] | |||
|caption= [[The Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[Najaf]] | |||
| header2 = | |||
| header3 = | |||
|label4= Born | |||
|data4= {{Circa}} {{Birth date|599|10|11|df=yes}} [[Common Era|CE]] <br> ([[Rajab 13]], 23 [[Hijri year|BH]]) | |||
|label5= Birthplace | |||
|data5= [[Mecca]], [[Arabia]] | |||
|label6= Beginning of Imamate | |||
|data6= From 28 [[Safar]] 11/28 May 632 | |||
|label7= Duration of Imamate | |||
|data7= 29 years | |||
|label8= Reign | |||
|data8= 656 – 661 | |||
|label9= Martyrdom | |||
|data9= {{Circa}} {{Death date and age|661|1|31|599|10|11|df=yes}} <br> ([[Ramadan 21]], 40 AH) | |||
|label10= Deathplace | |||
|data10= [[Kufa]], [[Iraq]] | |||
|label11= Place of Burial | |||
|data11= [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]], {{Coord|31|59|45|N|44|18|52.7|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} | |||
|label12= | |||
|data12= | |||
|label13= Successor | |||
|data13= [[Al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a)|al-Hasan]]<br />(As the Second Shia [[Imam]] and Caliph, and As the Fifth of Rashidun Caliphate) | |||
|label14= Father | |||
|data14= [[Abu Talib b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] | |||
|label15= Mother | |||
|data15= [[Fatima bt. Asad]] | |||
|label16= Brother(s) | |||
|data16= [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] • [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]] • Talib | |||
|label17= Sister(s) | |||
|data17= | |||
|label18= Spouse(s) | |||
|data18= [[Lady Fatima (a)|Fatima]] • [[Umama bt. Abu l-'As|Umama]] • [[Umm al-Banin]] • Layla • [[Asma' bt. 'Umays|Asma']] • Sahba' • [[Khawla bt. Ja'far|Khawla]] | |||
|label19= Son(s) | |||
|data19= [[Al-Hasan b. 'Ali|Al-Hasan]] • [[al-Husayn b. 'Ali|al-Husayn]] • [[Muhsin b. 'Ali|Muhsin]] • [['Abbas b. 'Ali|'Abbas]] • [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]] • [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] • [['Uthman b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Uthman]] • [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Ubayd Allah]] • [[Abu Bakr b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Abu Bakr]] • [[Muhammad b. al-Hanfiyya|Muhammad]] • [['Umar b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Umar]], ... | |||
|label20= Daughter(s) | |||
|data20= [[Zaynab bt. 'Ali|Zaynab]] • [[Umm Kulthum bt. 'Ali|Umm Kulthum]] • [[Ruqayya bt. 'Ali|Ruqayya]], ... | |||
|label21= Descendants | |||
|data21= [[Sayyid]], [['Alawi (surname)|'Alawi]] | |||
|label22= Titles | |||
|data22= [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] <small>(ruler of believers)</small> | |||
Bab Madinat al-Ilm <small>(door to the city of knowledge")</small> <br> | |||
[[Abu Turab]] <small>(father of the soil)</small><br> | |||
Murtada <small>(one who is chosen and contented)</small><br> | |||
Asad Allah <small>(lion of god)</small><br> | |||
Haydar <small>(lion)</small> | |||
|data23= <div class="hlist" style="font-family:Palatino Linotype; font-weight:bold; font-size: 120%;"></div> | |||
|below = <center>'''The Twelve Imams'''<br>[[Imam Ali (a)|'Ali]], [[Imam al-Hasan (a)|al-Hasan]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)|al-Husayn]], [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|al-Sajjad]], [[Imam al-Baqir (a)|al-Baqir]], [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)|al-Sadiq]], [[Imam Musa al-Kazim (a)|al-Kazim]], [[Imam 'Ali al-Rida (a)|al-Rida]], [[Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (a)|al-Taqi]], [[Imam 'Ali al-Hadi (a)|al-Hadi]], [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)|al-'Askari]], [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)|al-Mahdi]]</center> | |||
}} | |||
'''ʾAbū Turāb''' (Arabic: أبو تُراب) is one of [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam Ali's (a)]] titles which was given to him by [[the Prophet (s)]]. | '''ʾAbū Turāb''' (Arabic: أبو تُراب) is one of [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam Ali's (a)]] titles which was given to him by [[the Prophet (s)]]. | ||
Revision as of 12:12, 9 February 2016
| 'Ali b. Abi Talib 1st Shi'a Imam 4th Caliph of Rashidun Caliphate Amir al-Mu'minin | |
|---|---|
-2.jpg) | |
| Born | c. 11 October 599 CE (Rajab 13, 23 BH) |
| Birthplace | Mecca, Arabia |
| Beginning of Imamate | From 28 Safar 11/28 May 632 |
| Duration of Imamate | 29 years |
| Reign | 656 – 661 |
| Martyrdom | c. 31 January 661 (aged 61) (Ramadan 21, 40 AH) |
| Deathplace | Kufa, Iraq |
| Place of Burial | Najaf, Iraq, 31°59′45″N 44°18′52.7″E / 31.99583°N 44.314639°E |
| Successor | al-Hasan (As the Second Shia Imam and Caliph, and As the Fifth of Rashidun Caliphate) |
| Father | Abu Talib b. 'Abd al-Muttalib |
| Mother | Fatima bt. Asad |
| Brother(s) | Ja'far • 'Aqil • Talib |
| Spouse(s) | Fatima • Umama • Umm al-Banin • Layla • Asma' • Sahba' • Khawla |
| Son(s) | Al-Hasan • al-Husayn • Muhsin • 'Abbas • 'Abd Allah • Ja'far • 'Uthman • 'Ubayd Allah • Abu Bakr • Muhammad • 'Umar, ... |
| Daughter(s) | Zaynab • Umm Kulthum • Ruqayya, ... |
| Descendants | Sayyid, 'Alawi |
| Titles | Amir al-Mu'minin (ruler of believers)
Bab Madinat al-Ilm (door to the city of knowledge") |
'Ali, al-Hasan, al-Husayn, al-Sajjad, al-Baqir, al-Sadiq, al-Kazim, al-Rida, al-Taqi, al-Hadi, al-'Askari, al-Mahdi | |
ʾAbū Turāb (Arabic: أبو تُراب) is one of Imam Ali's (a) titles which was given to him by the Prophet (s).
Origin
"Abu Turab" is an Arabic word, which literally means "the father of dust". There are some traditions, or hadiths, explaining why Imam Ali (a) was titled as Abu Turab.
First Tradition
'Abaya b. Rib'i asked 'Abd Allah b. 'Abbas: "Why did the Prophet (s) give the title "Abu Turab" to 'Ali (a)?" He replied: "Because he [Ali (a)] is the owner of the earth and God's representative among people. The permanency and calmness of the earth is tied to his presence. I heard the Prophet (s) saying: 'In the Hereafter, the non-believer sees the position and the reward of the followers of Ali's and says: 'I wish I were of the dusty' (so I was related to the father of dust ['Ali (a)] and was one of his Shi'a) and this is what Qur'an reads 'and the faithless one will say 'I wish I were dust' (78/40).'"[1]
Second Tradition
Katwari[2] says: "The first person titled as 'Abu Turab' was 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a). When the Prophet (s) saw him laying on the ground and saw the dust on his clothing and body, he gently and kindly said to him: 'Get up, O' Abu Turab!' and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (a) liked this title the most. After this incident and because of the Prophet (s), it became a special feature for him, because the dust (earth) told him the news of the past and the future to the Day of Resurrection."[3]
Third Tradition
In a different (hadith), it is said: "In the middle of the month of Jumada l-Ula 2 A.H. (November 623), the Prophet (s) and a group of his companions left Medina seeking the caravan of Quraysh led by Abu Sufyan. They reached a place named 'Ashira but they did not find the caravan. During their stay in 'Ashira, the Prophet (s) encountered 'Ali (a) and 'Ammar while they were asleep on soil and there was dust over Ali's face and head. The Prophet (s) gently and kindly woke them up and said to Ali (a): O' Abu Turab! Get up. Do you not want me to tell you who are the most vicious people on earth? One of them is Ihmir (Qadar b. Salif) who killed the she-camel of the Prophet Salih and the other is the one who hits you on the head by sword and dyes your beard with your blood.'"[4]
Fourth Tradition
"From the time 'Ali (a) became famous as 'Abu Turab' ... Ali loved this title; because the Prophet (a) had given it to him."[5]
According to the two last traditions, the literal meaning of "Abu Turab" (i.e. the father of dust) may not be an exact meaning of "Abu Turab" as a title but rather the term "dusty person" would convey the meaning better.
During the Umayyad Period
Umayyad Caliphs issued that every speaker in any Muslim city should curse 'Ali (a). In this period, the title "Abu Turab" was used as a derogatory title for Imam Ali (a).
It has been narrated that a person came to Sahl b. Sa'd and said, "The governor of Medina is planning to force you to curse 'Ali (a) publicly on pulpit." He said, "How should I curse him?" He replied, "By calling him Abu Turab." Sahl said, "By God! The Prophet (s) gave him this title … by God, Abu Turab was Ali's best name [title]."[6]
It has also been narrated from Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju'fi that "I complained about Umayyad and their supporters to Imam Sajjad (a) and said: 'They are killing us wherever we go. They are uprooting us. They are cursing our master Amir al-Mu'minin (a) publicly on pulpits and minarets, in bazaars and alleys. They repudiate Imam 'Ali to the point that they gather in Masjid al-Nabi (the mosque of the Prophet (s)) and curse 'Ali (a) openly while no one prevents them doing so or expresses his disagreement with their action; and if one of us opposes them, they all attack him and say he is Rafidi (refuser (of the caliphate of the three first Caliphs)) and Abu Turabi (related to Abu Turab). They take him to their governor and claim that he praised Abu Turab and then beat him up, jailed him and finally killed him.'"[7]
See Also
Notes
References
- Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Bihar al-anwar
- Al-Katwari, 'Ala' al-Din 'Ali. Muhadara al-awa'il wa musamara al-awakhir
- Amini, 'Abd al-Husayn. Al-Qadir
- Ibn Athir. Al-Kamil fi al-tarikh
- Ibn Shahrashub. Manaqib
- Balazuri, Ahmad b. Yahya. Jumal min ansab al-ashraf. Edited by Suhayl Al-Zakar and Riyad Al-Zarkali. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1996.
- Amin, Sayyid Muhsin. A'yan al-Sh'ia. Edited by Sayyid Hasan Amin. Beirut: Dar al-Ta'aruf li-al-Matbu'at
External Links
- The material for this article is mainly taken from ابوتراب in Farsi Wikishia.