Hakima bt. al-Imam al-Jawad (a)
| Father | Imam al-Jawad (a) |
|---|---|
| Mother | Samana al-Maghribiyya |
| Place(s) of Residence | Medina • Samarra |
| Spouse(s) | Abu 'Ali Hasan b. 'Ali al-Mar'ash |
| Children | Husayn, Zayd, and Hamza |
| Demise | 274/887-8 |
| Place of Burial | Holy Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn, Samarra |
Ḥakīma (Arabic: حکیمة, d. 274/887-8) was the daughter of Imam al-Jawad (a). She lived in the periods of four Shiite Imams (a): Imam al-Jawad (a), Imam al-Hadi (a), Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a), and Imam al-Mahdi (a). She was alive until the Major Occultation. She was in charge of educating and training Narjis, the mother of Imam al-Mahdi (a). She witnessed the birth of Imam al-Mahdi (a). According to Shiite sources, Hakima met Imam al-Mahdi (a) during his Minor Occultation and played the role of a connection between the Imam (a) and people. She transmitted some hadiths from Imam al-Mahdi (a). Shiite scholars and historians admired her as a pious person. Her grave is located in Samarra in the Holy Shrine of al-'Askariyyayn.
Lineage
Hakima was the daughter of Imam Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Jawad (a). Her date of birth is not mentioned in historical sources, but since her brother, Imam al-Hadi (a), was born in 212/827. According to historical accounts, she was younger than her brother, she must have been born in the second decade of the 3rd/9th century, that is, between 213/828-9 and 220/835.[1]
Her mother, Samana Maghribiyya, known as "Sayyida", was also the mother of Imam al-Hadi (a), Musa al-Mubarqa', and other children of Imam al-Jawad (a).[2]
Hakima's husband was Abu 'Ali Hasan b. 'Ali al-Mar'ash, a progeny of Imam al-Sajjad (a). They had three sons: Husayn, Zayd, and Hamza.[3]
In the View of Scholars
In his Bihar al-anwar, al-'Allama al-Majlisi wrote about Hakima as follows: "there is a grave in the revered monument of al-'Askariyyayn (a) attributed to the knowledgeable, pious noblewoman, Hakima, the daughter of Imam al-Jawad (a). But we do not know why there is no letter of pilgrimage (or Ziyarah) for her, despite her obvious superiority and greatness as a confidant of Imams". He then adds: "one had better visit her with words which deserve her position".[4]
'Abd Allah Mamaqani mentioned Hakima among women who transmitted hadiths and then said: "Al-Wahid al-Bihbahani objects why no ziyarah is mentioned for her." He then adds: "still more stranger is that al-Shaykh al-Mufid did not mention Hakima among the children of Imam al-Jawad (a), and she was not mentioned in some books of history, biography, and genealogy."[5] Al-Shaykh al-Mufid did not explicitly mentioned Hakima among the children of Imam al-Jawad (a), but in another part of the book, al-Irshad,[6] he mentioned Hakima in chains of transmitters of hadiths as the paternal aunt of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a).
Characteristics
Hakima saw four Shiite Imams (a). Among the daughters of Imam al-Jawad (a), she was known for her knowledge.[7] She transmitted hadiths, including the well-known hirz of Imam al-Jawad (a).[8]
Imam al-Hadi (a) assigned the training of Narjis, the mother of Imam al-Mahdi (a), to Hakima. She transmitted many hadiths with respect to the marriage of Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a) with Narjis and the birth of Imam al-Mahdi (a).[9] Hakima witnessed the birth of Imam al-Mahdi and undertook some tasks of his birth. She was the first person who held Imam al-Mahdi (a) in her arms and kissed him when he was just born.[10] She frequently met Imam al-Mahdi (a) when Imam al-'Askari (a) was alive. She was a connection between the Imam (a) and people during the Minor Occultation.[11]
Demise
According to some scholars, the date of Hakima's demise is unknown.[12] However, others believe that she died in 274/887-8 without providing any evidence.[13]
Her grave is located in Samarra in the darih of the Holy Shrine of 'Askariyyayn (a).[14]
Notes
- ↑ Aʿlamī Ḥāʾirī, Tarājum aʿlām al-nisāʾ, vol. 2, p. 264, 285.
- ↑ Qummī, Muntahā l-āmāl, vol. 2, p. 497.
- ↑ Maḥallātī, Rayāḥīn al-sharī'a, vol. 4, p. 157; Maḥallātī, Maʾthar al-kubrā fī tārīkh Sāmarrāʾ, vol. 2, p. 303; Fakhr al-Rāzī, al-Shajarat al-mubāraka fī ansāb al-ṭālibīya, p. 169-170.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 102, p. 79.
- ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 3, p. 76.
- ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 351.
- ↑ Qummī, Muntahā l-āmāl, vol. 2, p. 502.
- ↑ Maḥallātī, Rayāḥīn al-sharī'a, vol. 4, p. 154.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 6, p. 217.
- ↑ Qummī, Muntahā l-āmāl, vol. 2, p. 502.
- ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 3, p. 76.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 6, p. 217.
- ↑ Maḥallātī, Rayāḥīn al-sharī'a, vol. 4, p. 157.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 102, p. 79.
References
- Aʿlamī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Tarājum aʿlām al-nisāʾ. 1st edition. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1417 AH.
- Amīn, al-Sayyid Muḥsin al-. Aʿyān al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Tʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1406 AH.
- Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. Al-Shajarat al-mubāraka fī ansāb al-ṭālibīya. 1st edition. Qom: Nashr-i Maktabat Ayatullāh Marʿashī Najafī, 1409 AH.
- Mamaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan. Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl. Najaf: Maṭbaʿat al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1352 AH.
- Maḥallātī, Ḍhabīḥ Allāh. Maʾthar al-kubrā fī tārīkh Sāmarrāʾ. Najaf: Maṭbaʿat al-Zahrāʾ, 1368 Sh.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. 2nd edition. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Wafaʾ, 1403 AH.
- Maḥallātī, Ḍhabīḥ Allāh. Rayāḥīn al-sharī'a. [n.p]. Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī, 1368 Sh.
- Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿala l-ʿibād. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1413 AH.
- Qummī, Shaykh ʿAbbās. Muntahā l-āmāl. Qom: Muʾassisat Intishārāt-i Hijrat, 1382 Sh.