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* Editorial box added [[User:Shakeri|Shakeri]] ([[User talk:Shakeri|talk]]) 08:30, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
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{{Infobox book
{{Infobox book
| name = Rawdat al-shuhada'
| name = Rawdat al-shuhada'
| image = کتاب روضة الشهداء.jpg
| image = کتاب روضة الشهداء.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| image_size = 230px
| caption =
| caption ='''Bibliographical Information'''
| alt = Rawdat al-shuhada'
| alt =  
| author = [[Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi]]
| author = [[Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi]]
| title_orig = {{ia|رَوضَة الشُّهَداء}}
| title_orig = {{ia|رَوضَة الشُّهَداء}}
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| language = Farsi
| language = Farsi
| series =
| series =
| subject =
| subject = Martyrdom of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and the tragedies of the [[event of Karbala]]
| genre =
| genre =
| published = [[1435]]/2013
| published = [[1435]]/2013
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}}
}}


'''''Rawḍat al-shuhadāʾ''''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|رَوضَة الشُّهَداء}}) is a book in Farsi about the martyrdom of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and the tragedies of the [[event of Karbala]] written by [[Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi]] (d. [[910]]/1504). The reason for naming mourning ceremonies for Imam al-Husayn (a) in Iran as "[[Rawda]]" has been reciting this book in such gatherings. ''Rawdat al-shuhada' ''was the reason for publication of other [[Maqtal]]s [reports of Imam's (a) martyrdom] at the times of [[Safavids]] and [[Qajars]]. In ''[[Hamasa-i Husayni]]'', [[Murtada Mutahhari|Shahid Mutahhari]] seriously criticized some of the reports in this book.
'''''Rawḍat al-shuhadāʾ''''' (Arabic: {{ia|رَوضَة الشُّهَداء}}) is a book in Farsi about the martyrdom of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and the tragedies of the [[event of Karbala]] written by [[Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi]] (d. [[910]]/1504). The reason for naming mourning ceremonies for Imam al-Husayn (a) in Iran as "[[Rawda]]" has been reciting this book in such gatherings. ''Rawdat al-shuhada' ''was the reason for publication of other [[Maqtal]]s (reports of Imam's (a) martyrdom) at the times of [[Safavids]] and [[Qajars]]. In ''[[Hamasa-i Husayni]]'', [[Murtada Mutahhari|Shahid Mutahhari]] seriously criticized some of the reports in this book.


==About the Author==
==About the Author==
Line 61: Line 46:


== Content ==
== Content ==
The Book has 10 chapters and an ending which briefly discusses the lives of the 12 [[Imams (a)]], but the main purpose of the author is discussing the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a), for which he begins with the trials of the [[prophets (a)]] and the cruelties of [[Quraysh]] towards [[the Prophet (s)]].
The Book has 10 chapters and an ending which briefly discusses the lives of the [[12 Imams (a)]], but the main purpose of the author is discussing the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a), for which he begins with the trials of the [[prophets (a)]] and the cruelties of [[Quraysh]] towards the [[Prophet (s)]].


=== Chapters of the Book ===
=== Chapters of the Book ===
{{col-begin|2}}
{{col-begin|2}}
* First Chapter: On the trials of some of the Prophets (Upon whom be peace)
* First Chapter: On the trials of some of the Prophets (Upon whom be peace)
* Second Chapter: on the cruelties of Quraysh and other disbelievers towards the Master of the Righteous [the Prophet (s)]
* Second Chapter: on the cruelties of Quraysh and other disbelievers towards the Master of the Righteous (the Prophet (s))
* Third Chapter: On the demise of the Master of the prophets (s)
* Third Chapter: On the demise of the Master of the prophets (s)
* Forth Chapter: On some of the states of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]]
* Forth Chapter: On some of the states of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]]
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== Importance and Features ==
== Importance and Features ==
According to what is mentioned in the preface of the book, strong prose style accompanied with poems, historical account, verses and hadiths, abundance of theological, historical and jurisprudential information, benefitting from a variety of sources especially non-Shi'a ones, comprehensiveness and being the first common [[Maqtal]] are among the advantages of the book.
According to what is mentioned in the preface of the book, strong prose style accompanied with poems, historical account, verses and hadiths, abundance of theological, historical and jurisprudential information, benefiting from a variety of sources especially non-Shi'a ones, comprehensiveness and being the first common [[Maqtal]] are among the advantages of the book.


Regarding its fluent and beautiful prose style, the book soon became popular at its time and even now is indirectly benefited in mourning gatherings. It has been translated to different languages and converted to poetic style for many times so far.
Regarding its fluent and beautiful prose style, the book soon became popular at its time and even now is indirectly benefited in mourning gatherings. It has been translated to different languages and converted to poetic style for many times so far.
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Regardless of its popularity, this book has been criticized by scholars and researchers of next periods due to its weaknesses of the content and serious objections have been pointed about it. From the viewpoint of the critics, the most important problem of ''Rawdat al-shuhada' ''is its [[Sufi]] look, wrong narrations and stories. Critics have said that the book has only mentioned the hardships and does not narrate an epic and political account of the [[event of Karbala]] and does not look through its causes and nature either.
Regardless of its popularity, this book has been criticized by scholars and researchers of next periods due to its weaknesses of the content and serious objections have been pointed about it. From the viewpoint of the critics, the most important problem of ''Rawdat al-shuhada' ''is its [[Sufi]] look, wrong narrations and stories. Critics have said that the book has only mentioned the hardships and does not narrate an epic and political account of the [[event of Karbala]] and does not look through its causes and nature either.


Scholars such as Mirza [['Abd Allah Afandi]] in his ''[[Riyad al-'ulama']]'', Mirza [[Husayn Nuri]] in his ''[[Lu'lu' wa marjan]]'' and [[Murtada Mutahhari|Shahid Mutahhari]] in his ''[[Hamasa-i Husayni]]'' have mentioned objections and criticisms about ''Rawdat al-shuhada''.
Scholars such as Mirza [['Abd Allah Afandi]] in his ''[[Riyad al-'ulama']]'', [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]] in his ''[[Lu'lu' wa marjan]]'' and [[Murtada Mutahhari|Shahid Mutahhari]] in his ''[[Hamasa Husayni]]'' have mentioned objections and criticisms about ''Rawdat al-shuhada''.


== Printing ==
== Printing ==
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==References==
==References==
{{references}}
{{references}}
* The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_(%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8) روضة الشهداء]}} in Farsi Wikishia.
* The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:روضة الشهداء|روضة الشهداء]]}} in Farsi Wikishia.
{{end}}
{{end}}
{{Mourning of Muharram-horizontal}}
{{Mourning of Muharram-horizontal}}
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{{Bibliography of Imam al-Husayn (a)}}
{{Bibliography of Imam al-Husayn (a)}}
{{Bibliography of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}}
{{Bibliography of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}}
{{Bibliography of 10th/16th Century}}
[[fa:روضة الشهداء (کتاب)]]
[[fa:روضة الشهداء (کتاب)]]
[[ar:روضة الشهداء (كتاب)]]
[[ar:روضة الشهداء (كتاب)]]
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[[ur:روضۃ الشہداء (کتاب)]]
[[ur:روضۃ الشہداء (کتاب)]]
[[id:Raudhah al-Syuhadā]]
[[id:Raudhah al-Syuhadā]]
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{section|editorial box}}}|editorial box|{{Editorial Box
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| references =
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| featured article =
| major edits =
* Editorial box added [[User:Shakeri|Shakeri]] ([[User talk:Shakeri|talk]]) 08:30, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
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[[Category:Bibliography of Ashura]]
[[Category:Bibliography of Ashura]]
[[Category:Maqtal works]]
[[Category:Maqtal works]]
[[Category:Written sources of 15th century]]
[[Category:Written sources of 15th century]]

Revision as of 01:57, 21 March 2018

Rawdat al-shuhada'
Bibliographical Information
Bibliographical Information
AuthorMulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi
Original titleرَوضَة الشُّهَداء
LanguageFarsi
SubjectMartyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the tragedies of the event of Karbala
Published1435/2013


Rawḍat al-shuhadāʾ (Arabic: رَوضَة الشُّهَداء) is a book in Farsi about the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the tragedies of the event of Karbala written by Mulla Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi (d. 910/1504). The reason for naming mourning ceremonies for Imam al-Husayn (a) in Iran as "Rawda" has been reciting this book in such gatherings. Rawdat al-shuhada' was the reason for publication of other Maqtals (reports of Imam's (a) martyrdom) at the times of Safavids and Qajars. In Hamasa-i Husayni, Shahid Mutahhari seriously criticized some of the reports in this book.

About the Author

Kamal al-Din Husayn b. Ali Wa'iz Kashifi Sabziwari (d. 910/1504) was a scholar of centuries 9th/16th and 10th/17th from Sabzevar. Kashifi wrote the book toward the end of his life. Mulla Husayn was a religious lecturer and poet; that is why he had the title of "Wa'iz" and the pen name as "Kashifi". His sessions and lectures have been famous at that time and those contemporary with him have reported about his position among people and before the rulers of his time. One of the features of Rawdat al-shuhada which made it lasting is its fluency and flow of the content. There are different opinions about the religion of the author.

He died in 910/1504 and his grave is now in Sabzevar on the way between the grave of Haj Mulla Hadi Sabziwari and the building of Musalla of the city.

In Words of Agha Buzurg Tihrani

About the book, Agha Buzurg Tihrani said, Rawdat al-shuhada is in brilliant Farsi and written by Mawla Wa'iz Husayn b. 'Ali Kashifi Bayhaqi. This book is arranged in 10 chapters and an ending. In the ending of the book, the author has written the lineage of Imam al-Hasan (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a) and the biography of a group of their descendants. The ending of the book is in 34 pages with the title of "Ansab Sibta al-Nabi (s)".

Some have mentioned this possibility that this book has been the first Maqtal in Farsi which has spread among Farsi speakers to the extent that the reciter of that was called "Rawza Khan"; however, it will be mentioned in the chapter regarding Maqtals that Farsi Maqtal previous to it existed, from which, Rawdat al-shuhada' has quoted and that is the Farsi Maqtal written by Abu l-Mafakhir Razi, from him, Rawdat al-shuhada has quoted a poem.

Goal of Writing

Following the request of one of the noble people of Harat and since there was no comprehensive text for the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the event of Karbala, the author found it necessary to write such a text and even tried to translate Arabic poems as well.

Content

The Book has 10 chapters and an ending which briefly discusses the lives of the 12 Imams (a), but the main purpose of the author is discussing the tragedies of Imam al-Husayn (a), for which he begins with the trials of the prophets (a) and the cruelties of Quraysh towards the Prophet (s).

Chapters of the Book

  • First Chapter: On the trials of some of the Prophets (Upon whom be peace)
  • Second Chapter: on the cruelties of Quraysh and other disbelievers towards the Master of the Righteous (the Prophet (s))
  • Third Chapter: On the demise of the Master of the prophets (s)
  • Forth Chapter: On some of the states of Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)
  • Fifth Chapter: On some of the states of Imam 'Ali (a) from birth to martyrdom
  • Sixth Chapter: On virtues of states of Imam al-Hasan (a) from birth to martyrdom
  • Seventh Chapter: On virtues and merits of Imam al-Husayn (a) from birth to martyrdom
  • Eighth Chapter: On the martyrdom of Muslim b. 'Aqil b. Abi Talib and some of his children
  • Ninth Chapter: On arrival of Imam al-Husayn (a) in Karbala and his severe battle with the enemies
  • Tenth Chapter: On the events happened to the Ahl al-Bayt (a) after the event of Karbala
  • Ending: On the lineage of the Infallible Imams (a)

References

Although Kashifi has not clearly mentioned the references of Rawdat al-shuhada' , but reading through the book, it can be found that the books it quoted from are: Futuh for Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, Rawdat al-ahbab, Shawahid al-Nubuwwa, 'Uyun akhbar al-Rida, Kanz al-ghara'ib, Masabih al-qulub, Maqtal al-Shuhada', Nur al-A'imma. The author has also benefited from many unknown and unauthentic sources. He has not followed an accurate citation method even from these sources.

It seems that the author has only wanted to show that the book has references, nut his tendency to tell stories is more than authentic reporting.

Importance and Features

According to what is mentioned in the preface of the book, strong prose style accompanied with poems, historical account, verses and hadiths, abundance of theological, historical and jurisprudential information, benefiting from a variety of sources especially non-Shi'a ones, comprehensiveness and being the first common Maqtal are among the advantages of the book.

Regarding its fluent and beautiful prose style, the book soon became popular at its time and even now is indirectly benefited in mourning gatherings. It has been translated to different languages and converted to poetic style for many times so far.

Critiques

Regardless of its popularity, this book has been criticized by scholars and researchers of next periods due to its weaknesses of the content and serious objections have been pointed about it. From the viewpoint of the critics, the most important problem of Rawdat al-shuhada' is its Sufi look, wrong narrations and stories. Critics have said that the book has only mentioned the hardships and does not narrate an epic and political account of the event of Karbala and does not look through its causes and nature either.

Scholars such as Mirza 'Abd Allah Afandi in his Riyad al-'ulama', Mirza Husayn Nuri in his Lu'lu' wa marjan and Shahid Mutahhari in his Hamasa Husayni have mentioned objections and criticisms about Rawdat al-shuhada.

Printing

This book was first printed in Lahore in 1908, then in Mumbai in 1952 and later in Tehran in 1954. Later, this book was printed many more times.

References