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Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Mujtaba (a): Difference between revisions
Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Mujtaba (a) (view source)
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Shiite and Sunni sources contain numerous reports of al-Hasan's virtues. According to these reports, he was one of the [[People of the Cloak]], about whom the [[Verse of Purity]] (Qur'an 33:33) was revealed. The verses [[76:8]], [[42:23]], and [[3:61]] were also revealed about him, his parents, and his brother. He gave all his wealth to charity twice, and because of such acts of [[generosity]], he came to be called "The Generous One of the Family of the Prophet (s)". He went to [[hajj]] twenty-five times barefoot. | Shiite and Sunni sources contain numerous reports of al-Hasan's virtues. According to these reports, he was one of the [[People of the Cloak]], about whom the [[Verse of Purity]] (Qur'an 33:33) was revealed. The verses [[76:8]], [[42:23]], and [[3:61]] were also revealed about him, his parents, and his brother. He gave all his wealth to charity twice, and because of such acts of [[generosity]], he came to be called "The Generous One of the Family of the Prophet (s)". He went to [[hajj]] twenty-five times barefoot. | ||
There is not much information about his life during the caliphate of [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Umar]]. It is reported that Umar appointed him as a witness in the [[six-member council]] that was to choose the third caliph. During the revolt at the end of [[Uthman]]'s caliphate, he was tasked by [[Imam Ali (a)]] to protect the house of the caliph. During the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), al-Hasan (a) moved with his father to [[Kufa]] and was one of the commanders of his army in the battles of [[battle of Jamal|Jamal]] and [[battle of Siffin|Siffin]]. | There is not much information about his life during the caliphate of [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Umar b. al-Khattab]]. It is reported that Umar appointed him as a witness in the [[six-member council]] that was to choose the third caliph. During the revolt at the end of [[Uthman]]'s caliphate, he was tasked by [[Imam Ali (a)]] to protect the house of the caliph. During the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), al-Hasan (a) moved with his father to [[Kufa]] and was one of the commanders of his army in the battles of [[battle of Jamal|Jamal]] and [[battle of Siffin|Siffin]]. | ||
On [[Ramadan 21]], [[40 AH]]/[[January 28]], [[661 CE|661]], and after the [[martyrdom]] of Imam Ali (a), al-Hasan (a) became the Imam and successor of his father. More than forty-thousand men pledged their [[allegiance]] to him on the same day. However, [[Muʿawiya]] did not accept his caliphate, and launched a military expedition against him. Imam al-Hasan (a) sent an army under the command of [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas]] to confront Muʿawiya's army. The Imam (a) himself headed to [[Sabat]] with a group of soldiers. Muʿawiya tried to spread rumors among the Imam's (a) troops to prepare the ground for a peace-treaty. At the same time, one of the [[Kharijites]] tried to assassinate Imam al-Hasan (a), which resulted in the Imam’s (a) injury. The Imam (a) was taken to [[Madain]] to receive treatment. Simultaneously, a group of Kufan chiefs wrote a letter to Muʿawiya and promised him to either kill al-Hasan (a) or to surrender him to Muʿawiya. Muʿawiya sent their letter to Imam al-Hasan (a) and proposed a peace treaty to the Imam (a). Seeing no other choices before him, Imam al-Hasan (a) accepted the peace treaty and abdicated the caliphate with the condition that Muʿawiya should rule according to the [[Qur'an]] and the [[Sunna]] of the Prophet (s) and should not appoint any successor for himself, and that no one, including the Shiites, should be persecuted. Muʿawiya did not abide by any of these conditions later. The peace treaty with Muʿawiya led to the dissatisfaction of a number of the Imam’s (a) companions, so much so that some of them called the Imam (a) the Humiliator of the Believers. | On [[Ramadan 21]], [[40 AH]]/[[January 28]], [[661 CE|661]], and after the [[martyrdom]] of Imam Ali (a), al-Hasan (a) became the Imam and successor of his father. More than forty-thousand men pledged their [[allegiance]] to him on the same day. However, [[Muʿawiya]] did not accept his caliphate, and launched a military expedition against him. Imam al-Hasan (a) sent an army under the command of [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas]] to confront Muʿawiya's army. The Imam (a) himself headed to [[Sabat]] with a group of soldiers. Muʿawiya tried to spread rumors among the Imam's (a) troops to prepare the ground for a peace-treaty. At the same time, one of the [[Kharijites]] tried to assassinate Imam al-Hasan (a), which resulted in the Imam’s (a) injury. The Imam (a) was taken to [[Madain]] to receive treatment. Simultaneously, a group of Kufan chiefs wrote a letter to Muʿawiya and promised him to either kill al-Hasan (a) or to surrender him to Muʿawiya. Muʿawiya sent their letter to Imam al-Hasan (a) and proposed a peace treaty to the Imam (a). Seeing no other choices before him, Imam al-Hasan (a) accepted the peace treaty and abdicated the caliphate with the condition that Muʿawiya should rule according to the [[Qur'an]] and the [[Sunna]] of the Prophet (s) and should not appoint any successor for himself, and that no one, including the Shiites, should be persecuted. Muʿawiya did not abide by any of these conditions later. The peace treaty with Muʿawiya led to the dissatisfaction of a number of the Imam’s (a) companions, so much so that some of them called the Imam (a) the Humiliator of the Believers. | ||
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{{Shi'a-Vertical}} | {{Shi'a-Vertical}} | ||
== | ==Early Life== | ||
===Name=== | ===Name=== | ||
The Word “al-Hasan” in Arabic means good or beautiful. This name was chosen for Imam al-Hasan (a) by the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Ibn Ḥabal, ''al-Musnad'', vol. 1, p. 98, 118; Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 6, p. 33-34.</ref> According to a hadith, this name was chosen by God's command,<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''al-Manāqib'', vol. 4, p. 397; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 10, p. 244.</ref> and did not have a precedent in pre-Islamic history.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 657; Ibn al-Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 2, p. 10.</ref> | The Word “al-Hasan” in Arabic means good or beautiful. This name was chosen for Imam al-Hasan (a) by the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>Ibn Ḥabal, ''al-Musnad'', vol. 1, p. 98, 118; Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 6, p. 33-34.</ref> According to a hadith, this name was chosen by God's command,<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''al-Manāqib'', vol. 4, p. 397; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 10, p. 244.</ref> and did not have a precedent in pre-Islamic history.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 657; Ibn al-Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 2, p. 10.</ref> | ||
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'''The Loneliest Leader''' | '''The Loneliest Leader''' | ||
The Loneliest Leader (Tanhatarin Sardar) was a tv series, | The Loneliest Leader (Tanhatarin Sardar) was a tv series, broadcast by the Iranian tv Channel One, that depicted an account of Imam al-Hasan’s life, the story of his [[peace treaty with Mu'awiya]], the circumstances of the Islamic society and the Shia during his lifetime and a little after his martyrdom.<ref>[https://rasekhoon.net/media/show/1132152/ The Loneliest Leader, Rasikhun website]</ref> | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||