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Istighfar: Difference between revisions
→Istighfar of The Prophets (a) and Other Infallibles (a)
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==Istighfar of The Prophets (a) and Other Infallibles (a)== | ==Istighfar of The Prophets (a) and Other Infallibles (a)== | ||
Most of the relevant Qur'anic verses are concerned with the istighfar of ordinary people. However, in one case the Qur'an refers to the istighfar of "rabbiyyun", by which are meant people who do not engage themselves with anything other than God.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 4, p. 41.</ref> And some verses talk about the istighfar of the prophets and angels. | Most of the relevant Qur'anic verses are concerned with the istighfar of ordinary people. However, in one case the Qur'an refers to the istighfar of "rabbiyyun", by which are meant "people who do not engage themselves with anything other than God".<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 4, p. 41.</ref> And some verses talk about the istighfar of the prophets and angels. | ||
Since [[prophets]] (a) are [[Infallibles]], their istighfar does not mean asking God to forgive their sins.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 6, p. 368; vol. 18, p. 254.</ref> According to Shiites and many [[jurists]] from the schools of [[Malik]], [[Abu Hanifa]], and [[Shafi'i]], all prophets are infallibles and they never commit even minor sins, since all people are commissioned to follow their lead, which is incompatible with their being fallible.<ref>Qurṭubī, ''al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 211-212; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 6, p. 367.</ref> Moreover, the Qur'an has described prophets as "mukhlasun".<ref>Qurʾān, 38:46; 12:24; 19:51.</ref> According to the [[Qur'an 38]]:82-83, there is no way for the [[Satan]] to tempt and deceive "mukhlasun" (dedicated servants). Thus istighfar in the case of prophets (a) should be explained in different ways. | Since [[prophets]] (a) are [[Infallibles]], their istighfar does not mean asking God to forgive their sins.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 6, p. 368; vol. 18, p. 254.</ref> According to Shiites and many [[jurists]] from the schools of [[Malik]], [[Abu Hanifa]], and [[Shafi'i]], all prophets are infallibles and they never commit even minor sins, since all people are commissioned to follow their lead, which is incompatible with their being fallible.<ref>Qurṭubī, ''al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 211-212; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 6, p. 367.</ref> Moreover, the Qur'an has described prophets as "mukhlasun".<ref>Qurʾān, 38:46; 12:24; 19:51.</ref> According to the [[Qur'an 38]]:82-83, there is no way for the [[Satan]] to tempt and deceive "mukhlasun" (dedicated servants). Thus istighfar in the case of prophets (a) should be explained in different ways. | ||
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* Prophets might practice istighfar in order not to commit sins, rather than asking for the forgiveness of something they did.<ref>Ṣādiqī, ''al-Furqān'', vol. 23, p. 406.</ref> | * Prophets might practice istighfar in order not to commit sins, rather than asking for the forgiveness of something they did.<ref>Ṣādiqī, ''al-Furqān'', vol. 23, p. 406.</ref> | ||
* The prophets' missions had effects that seemed wrong to many people. Thus they asked God to cover those effects from people. For example, people of [[Mecca]] thought that the Prophet (s) was an aggressive person who overlooked the traditions. However, after the [[Hudaybiyya peace treaty]] and the [[conquest of Mecca]], they learned the truth. And about the Prophet [[ | * The prophets' missions had effects that seemed wrong to many people. Thus they asked God to cover those effects from people. For example, people of [[Mecca]] thought that the Prophet (s) was an aggressive person who overlooked the traditions. However, after the [[Hudaybiyya peace treaty]] and the [[conquest of Mecca]], they learned the truth. And about the Prophet [[Moses (a)]], the [[Qur'an 26]]:14 says: "they hold a sin against me", although it was not a sin for Prophet Moses (a) to kill the man from Copts, since it counted as a case of helping an oppressed person. However, it was considered by people as a sin, and thus Moses (a) asked God to forgive him, in the sense of covering the deed from people so that they no longer consider him as sinful.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 19-21; Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 18, p. 254.</ref> Likewise, according to the Qur'an 7:129, "they [that is, [[Israelites]]] replied: 'we were hurt before you came to us, and after you came to us.'" Thus they blamed Prophet Moses (a) for their troubles. | ||
* For their natural lives, the prophets had to spend part of their time meeting their bodily needs, such as eating and drinking, and thus they were disconnected from the divine world during such engagements. So they asked God to forgive their having to engage in such activities.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 6, p. 366.</ref> | * For their natural lives, the prophets had to spend part of their time meeting their bodily needs, such as eating and drinking, and thus they were disconnected from the divine world during such engagements. So they asked God to forgive their having to engage in such activities.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 6, p. 366.</ref> | ||
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===The Viewpoint of Sunni Scholars=== | ===The Viewpoint of Sunni Scholars=== | ||
According to some Sunni scholars, the fact that prophets (a) asked for divine forgiveness makes it probable that they committed some [[major sins]], and so they asked God to turn their major sins into minor sins or asked Him to make them immune from insistence on minor sins.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 32, p. 162.</ref> Some other Sunni scholars reject that they commit any major sins, but they think that they asked God to forgive some minor sins they committed before or after their prophecy.<ref>Iskandarānī, ''Kashf al-asrār'', vol. 9, p. 191.</ref> Others maintain that prophets asked God to forgive their unintentionally committed sins.<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 30, p. 463.</ref> | According to some Sunni scholars, the fact that prophets (a) asked for divine forgiveness makes it probable that they committed some [[major sins]], and so they asked God to turn their major sins into minor sins or asked Him to make them immune from insistence on minor sins.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 32, p. 162.</ref> Some other Sunni scholars reject that they commit any [[major sins]], but they think that they asked God to forgive some [[minor sins]] they committed before or after their prophecy.<ref>Iskandarānī, ''Kashf al-asrār'', vol. 9, p. 191.</ref> Others maintain that prophets asked God to forgive their unintentionally committed sins.<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 30, p. 463.</ref> | ||
==Istighfar by Angels== | ==Istighfar by Angels== | ||