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Istighfar: Difference between revisions
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The word "istighfar" literally means to ask for forgiveness.<ref>Ḥimyarī, ''Shams al-ʿulūm'', vol. 8, p. 4982.</ref> It is from the Arabic root, "gh-f-r", {{ia|(غ-ف-ر)}} which originally means to cover.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 5, p. 26; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 373.</ref> Technically, it means to verbally or practically ask God to forgive one's sins in order to be immune to the pernicious effects of the sins and [[reward and punishment|divine punishment]].<ref>Ibn ʿĀshūr, ''al-Taḥrīr wa l-tanwīr'', vol. 3, p. 223; Rāghib, ''Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān'', p. 609.</ref> Some scholars have taken some occurrences of the word "istighfar" in the Qur'an to refer to believing,<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''al-Kashshāf'', vol. 2, p. 402.</ref> converting to Islam,<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 15, p. 158.</ref> or saying one's prayers.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 714.</ref> These are instances of the practical sort of istighfar. | The word "istighfar" literally means to ask for forgiveness.<ref>Ḥimyarī, ''Shams al-ʿulūm'', vol. 8, p. 4982.</ref> It is from the Arabic root, "gh-f-r", {{ia|(غ-ف-ر)}} which originally means to cover.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 5, p. 26; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 373.</ref> Technically, it means to verbally or practically ask God to forgive one's sins in order to be immune to the pernicious effects of the sins and [[reward and punishment|divine punishment]].<ref>Ibn ʿĀshūr, ''al-Taḥrīr wa l-tanwīr'', vol. 3, p. 223; Rāghib, ''Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān'', p. 609.</ref> Some scholars have taken some occurrences of the word "istighfar" in the Qur'an to refer to believing,<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''al-Kashshāf'', vol. 2, p. 402.</ref> converting to Islam,<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 15, p. 158.</ref> or saying one's prayers.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 714.</ref> These are instances of the practical sort of istighfar. | ||
Istighfar is either a verbal expression, such as "{{ia|استغفر اللّه}}" (I ask for God's forgiveness), or a deed, such as doing something that leads one to be forgiven by God. The verbal istighfar is discussed in [[jurisprudence]] in issues such as [[tahara]], [[prayer]], [[fasting]], [[hajj]], commerce, [[zihar]] and [[expiation]]. | Istighfar is either a verbal expression, such as "{{ia|استغفر اللّه}}" (I ask for God's forgiveness, astaghfirullāh), or a deed, such as doing something that leads one to be forgiven by God. The verbal istighfar is discussed in [[jurisprudence]] in issues such as [[tahara]], [[prayer]], [[fasting]], [[hajj]], commerce, [[zihar]] and [[expiation]]. | ||
==Use of Istighfar in The Qur'an== | ==Use of Istighfar in The Qur'an== | ||