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Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhani

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Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhanī (Arabic: زید بن وهب الجهني) (d. 83/702 – 86/705) was a prominent Tabi'ī of Kufa and a close companion of Imam Ali (a). He participated in the Wars of Imam Ali (a) and was known for his worship and generosity.

Zayd b. Wahb is considered the first authority of some of the sermons of Nahj al-balagha, and a book in this regard is attributed to him.

He narrated Hadith from Imam Ali (a), Abd Allah b. Mas'ud, Abu Dharr, and several others. In Rijal sources, he is introduced as Thiqa (reliable). Zayd b. Wahb died during the time of al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi.

Companionship with Imam Ali (a)

Zayd b. Wahb was among the prominent Tabi'un of Kufa[1] and a special companion of Imam Ali (a).[2] Mirza Husayn Nuri considered him among the pure Shi'a of the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[3] Zayd was present in the Battle of Jamal,[4] Siffin,[5] and Nahrawan,[6] and he reported the events of these battles.

He also narrated some of the Friday Prayer sermons of Imam Ali (a),[7] churchly traditions,[8] and the narration regarding the Prophet's (s) pact of brotherhood (Mu'akhat) with Imam Ali (a).[9] According to al-Tabrisi, he also reported the Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a).[10]

Based on a report in al-Khisal by al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Zayd b. Wahb was among those who assert against the succession of Abu Bakr.[11] However, al-Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei in Mu'jam rijal al-hadith considers this narration weak due to the presence of unknown individuals in its chain.[12]

Compilation of Imam Ali's (a) Sermons

Al-Shaykh al-Tusi attributed a book titled Khuṭab Amir al-Muʾminin (a) ʿalā l-manabir fi l-jumaʿ wa l-aʿyad wa ghayriha (Sermons of the Commander of the Faithful on the platform during Fridays, Eids, and other occasions) to Zayd b. Wahb and mentioned his chain of transmission to this book.[13] This work has been edited and published by Mahdi Mardani under the title "Kitab Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhani. According to Abd al-Zahra al-Khatib, a Nahj al-balagha scholar,[14] and Ja'far Subhani,[15] Zayd was the first compiler of the sermons of Imam Ali (a).

It is said that Sermon 171 of Nahj al-balagha, based on the Subhi Salih version, is narrated from Zayd b. Wahb.[16] Ibn Shahrashub also reported that Isma'il b. Mihran narrated from Zayd b. Wahb in his book regarding the sermons of Imam Ali (a),[17] and it is credible that he utilized Zayd's book.[18]

Status in Rijal

According to Rijal sources, Zayd b. Wahb narrated from about 15 narrators,[19] including Abu Dharr, Hudhayfa b. al-Yaman, Bara' b. 'Azib, Zayd b. Arqam,[20] 'Ammar b. Yasir, Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, Jarir b. Abd Allah al-Bajali,[21] and Abu l-Darda'.[22] It is also said that he learned the Quran from Abd Allah b. Mas'ud[23] and most of his narrations are from Imam Ali (a) and Abd Allah b. Mas'ud.[24]

About 30 narrators have narrated from Zayd;[25] including Habib b. Abi Thabit, Sulayman b. Mihran al-A'mash, Mansur b. Mu'tamir, Adi b. Thabit al-Ansari, Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i, Malik b. A'yan al-Juhani, Abd al-Aziz b. Rafi',[26] Hakam b. Utayba, Salama b. Kuhayl, Isma'il b. Khalid, and Husayn b. Abd al-Rahman.[27] Some believe that al-A'mash was a constant companion of Zayd and benefited the most from him.[28]

Reliability

Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Barqi in his Rijal placed Zayd b. Wahb in the section of non-unknowns (ghayr majhulin);[29] which, according to Abd Allah Mamaqani[30] and Mirza Husayn Nuri,[31] indicates that al-Barqi considered him Thiqa. Ibn Dawud al-Hilli[32] and Allama al-Hilli[33] mentioned Zayd in the section of the praised ones (Mamduhin). Abd Allah Mamaqani also praised him.[34]

Ja'far Subhani described Zayd b. Wahb as truthful (Saduq), Muhaddith, Faqih, and historian.[35] Also, some Sunni scholars considered him a Faqih[36] and Thiqa,[37] and regarded his narrations from Abu Dharr as valid and authentic.[38]

Biography

Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhani[39] al-Hamdani[40] was from the Quda'a tribe.[41] His Kuniya is mentioned as Abu Sulayman.[42] He lived during the Jahiliyya and became Muslim during the time of the Prophet (s). Zayd, along with a group of his tribe, set out to meet the Prophet (s), but on the way, they were informed of the Prophet's (s) demise.[43] After the demise of the Prophet (s), he emigrated from Yemen[44] and settled in Kufa.[45] Some sources introduced Zayd as a generous person[46] and a man of worship.[47] He participated in the conquest of Azerbaijan during the caliphate of Abu Bakr.[48]

Zayd b. Wahb passed away during the time of al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi.[49] Sources differ regarding the year of his death, reporting 83/702 or 86/705.[50] Mahdi Mardani, the editor of the book of Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhani, believes that based on numerous indications and the categorical statement of some historians,[51] Zayd's death was in 84/703.[52]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, vol. 2, p. 599; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 149.
  2. ↑ Ibn Dāwūd al-Ḥillī, Al-Rijāl, p. 164; see also: Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 149.
  3. ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, Khātima, vol. 7, p. 417.
  4. ↑ Ibn Abī Shayba, Al-Muṣannaf, vol. 7, p. 546.
  5. ↑ For example, see: Ibn Muzāḥim, Waqʿat Ṣiffīn, pp. 232–234, 256, 326, 391, 450.
  6. ↑ For example, see: Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha, vol. 2, p. 276.
  7. ↑ For example, see: Ṭūsī, Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid, vol. 1, p. 380.
  8. ↑ For example, see: Shaykh Ṣadūq, Al-Tawḥīd, p. 398; Shaykh Ṣadūq, Al-Khiṣāl, vol. 2, p. 461.
  9. ↑ Kūfī, Manāqib al-Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn, vol. 1, p. 329.
  10. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Al-Iḥtijāj, vol. 2, p. 290.
  11. ↑ Shaykh Ṣadūq, Al-Khiṣāl, vol. 2, p. 465.
  12. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 8, p. 374.
  13. ↑ Shaykh Ṭūsī, Fihrist kutub al-Shīʿa, p. 202.
  14. ↑ Ḥusaynī al-Khaṭīb, Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha, vol. 1, p. 69.
  15. ↑ Subḥānī, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, vol. 1, p. 360.
  16. ↑ Ḥusaynī al-Khaṭīb, Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha, vol. 2, p. 407.
  17. ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib, vol. 2, p. 47.
  18. ↑ Raḥmatī, "Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhanī", vol. 22, p. 73.
  19. ↑ Ḥāfiẓ al-Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 10, p. 112.
  20. ↑ Subḥānī, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, vol. 1, p. 358.
  21. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 441.
  22. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, vol. 2, p. 534.
  23. ↑ Ṣafadī, Al-Wāfī bi-l-wafayāt, vol. 15, p. 26.
  24. ↑ Mardānī, "Kitāb Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhanī...", p. 91.
  25. ↑ Ḥāfiẓ al-Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 10, pp. 112–113.
  26. ↑ Subḥānī, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, vol. 1, p. 358.
  27. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 441.
  28. ↑ Mardānī, "Kitāb Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhanī...", p. 91.
  29. ↑ Barqī, Rijāl al-Barqī, p. 6.
  30. ↑ Māmāqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 1, p. 472.
  31. ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, Khātima, vol. 7, p. 417.
  32. ↑ Ibn Dāwūd al-Ḥillī, Al-Rijāl, p. 164; see also: Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 149.
  33. ↑ ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, Khulāṣat al-aqwāl, p. 194.
  34. ↑ Māmāqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 1, p. 472.
  35. ↑ Subḥānī, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, vol. 1, p. 359.
  36. ↑ Ibn al-Kalbī, Nasab Maʿadd wa l-Yaman al-kabīr, vol. 2, p. 727.
  37. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 6, p. 160; Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 442; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, vol. 2, p. 534.
  38. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 442.
  39. ↑ Shaykh Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, p. 64.
  40. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 441.
  41. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 6, p. 160.
  42. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 441.
  43. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, vol. 2, p. 599; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 149.
  44. ↑ Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, vol. 4, p. 591.
  45. ↑ Shaykh Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, p. 64.
  46. ↑ Ibn Munqidh, Lubāb al-ādāb, p. 105.
  47. ↑ Iṣfahānī, Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ, vol. 4, p. 171.
  48. ↑ Subḥānī, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, vol. 1, p. 358; Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 6, p. 160.
  49. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 442.
  50. ↑ For example, see: Subḥānī, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, vol. 1, p. 360; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, vol. 2, p. 534.
  51. ↑ Ṣafadī, Al-Wāfī bi-l-wafayāt, vol. 15, p. 26.
  52. ↑ Mardānī, "Kitāb Zayd b. Wahb al-Juhanī...", p. 93.

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