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'Abd Allah b. Budayl
Personal Information
Full Name'Abd Allah b. Budayl b. Warqa' al-Khuza'i
LineageKhuza'a tribe
Well-Known RelativesBudayl b. Warqa' (father)
Muhajir/AnsarMuhajirun
Martyrdom37/657-58
Cause of MartyrdomIn the Battle of Siffin in the company of Imam 'Ali (a)
Religious Information
Conversion to IslamAt the time of the Conquest of Mecca
Presence at ghazwasHunayn, Tabuk, Jamal, Siffin
Known forEnvoy of the Prophet (s) to Yemen
Other ActivitiesParticipation in the siege against the third caliph, protest and speeches proving the legitimacy of Imam 'Ali (a)


Abd Allah b. Budayl al-Khuza'i (Arabic: عبدالله بن بُدَیل الخُزاعی) was among the companions of the Prophet (s), the companions of Imam 'Ali (a), and the witnesses of the Hadith of Ghadir. He converted to Islam along with his father during the Conquest of Mecca. He participated in the battles of Tabuk and Hunayn and was sent to Yemen as an envoy of the Prophet (s). Some narrations are recorded from him through intermediaries from the Prophet (s).

'Abd Allah b. Budayl participated in the conquests during the time of the Rashidun Caliphs, and the conquest of Isfahan, Kerman, and Hamadan took place by him. He was present during the siege and killing of the third caliph, Uthman b. Affan. He was among the first people to pledge allegiance to Imam 'Ali (a) and participated in the battles of Jamal and Siffin, where he attained martyrdom in the Battle of Siffin.  In the Battle of Jamal, 'Abd Allah b. Budayl had a conversation with Aisha proving the legitimacy of Imam 'Ali (a). He was among the commanders of Imam 'Ali's (a) army in the Battle of Siffin.

Identification

'Abd Allah b. Budayl b. Warqa' al-Khuza'i was among the companions of the Prophet (s)[1] and in the circle of the Emigrants;[2] however, Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Kashshi considered him among the Tabi'un.[3] He was also among the notables[4] and prominent figures among the companions of Imam 'Ali (a).[5]

'Abd Allah b. Budayl has been considered one of the five geniuses (duhat)[6] or six geniuses[7] and one of the prominent Arab orators,[8] possessing status,[9] nobility, and majesty.[10]

'Abd Allah's lineage has been traced to 'Adi b. 'Amr b. Rabi'a.[11] Precise information regarding his birth year is not available.[12] He attained martyrdom in the Battle of Siffin in the year 37/657-58.[13]

Prominent figures such as 'Abd al-Rahman al-Naysaburi,[14] Du'bal al-Khuza'i[15] and Abu l-Futuh al-Razi[16] are mentioned from 'Abd Allah's descendants; to the extent that "Budayli" is the title of those whose lineage reaches Budayl b. Warqa', 'Abd Allah's father.[17]

At the request of Commander of the Faithful 'Ali (a), 'Abd Allah, along with Khuzayma b. Thabit, Qays b. Sa'd b. 'Ubada, and others, bore witness to the Hadith of Ghadir[18] which is known as Yawm al-Rukban.[19]

During the Time of the Prophet (s)

'Abd Allah b. Budayl was among the elders of the Khuza'a tribe.[20] He, along with his father Budayl b. Warqa', met the Prophet of Islam (s) and converted to Islam during the Conquest of Mecca[21] or before that.[22] His father's house became a sanctuary for Meccans during the Conquest of Mecca.[23] He was also his father's executor in guarding the letter of the Messenger of God (s)[24] in which the Khuza'a tribe was praised.[25]

Some claim that 'Abd Allah was present in the Pledge of Ridwan.[26] He participated alongside the Prophet of Islam (s) in the battles of Ta'if, Tabuk, and Hunayn.[27] 'Abd Allah was also sent to Yemen as an envoy of the Messenger of God (s) along with his brother Muhammad[28] or 'Abd al-Rahman[29] or all three.[30] He narrated traditions from the Prophet Muhammad (s) through intermediaries.[31]

During the Time of the Caliphs

'Abd Allah b. Budayl participated in the conquests during the time of the Rashidun Caliphs and was the commander of 'Abd Allah b. 'Amir's vanguard army in the conquest of Isfahan in the year 29/649-50.[32] Some believe this conquest took place through peace.[33] Baladhuri believes that the second caliph sent 'Abd Allah towards Isfahan and this city was conquered by him in the year 23/643-44;[34] as Ya'qubi considered the conquest of Isfahan and Hamadan at the hands of Ibn Budayl in the year 23/643-44;[35] likewise the conquest of Kerman[36] and Tabas as the gateway to Khorasan has been attributed to him.[37] After the conquest of Tabas, 'Abd Allah requested the second caliph to entrust the governorship of this land to him, which was met with the caliph's opposition.[38]

Baladhuri, from the Sunni historians, considered 'Abd Allah among those who were present during the siege of the house of third caliph, Uthman b. Affan, and considered him among the killers of Uthman.[39] According to Dhahabi, the Sunni historian, he cut the jugular vein of the third caliph.[40]

During the Time of the Commander of the Faithful (a)

'Abd Allah b. Budayl was among the first Emigrants who pledged allegiance to Imam 'Ali (a).[41] During the time of the Commander of the Faithful (a), he was among the prominent figures present in the battles of Jamal and Siffin.[42] His son attained martyrdom in the Battle of Jamal.[43] In this battle, he conversed with Aisha and obtained a confession from her that she had heard a narration from the Messenger of God (s) regarding the legitimacy of Imam 'Ali (a).[44]

A conversation between Ibn Budayl and his brother 'Abd al-Rahman with the Imam regarding encouraging him to fight Mu'awiya is narrated.[45] Before the start of the Battle of Siffin, he was sent by the Commander of the Faithful (a) to the city of Anbar, and the Imam, within a letter, asked him to monitor the enemy's movements and not to take any action without his permission.[46]

'Abd Allah was the commander of the infantry[47] or the cavalry[48] or the commander of some Kufan tribes[49] or their reciters (qurra)[50] in the Battle of Siffin; likewise, it has been said that he was in charge of the right wing of Imam 'Ali's (a) army.[51] He delivered sermons to incite the companions of Imam 'Ali (a) for war[52] and to reveal the face of Mu'awiya and his army.[53] Some researchers have inferred from 'Abd Allah's words that he was among the most aware people regarding the situation of the time and the people of his era.[54] He was famous for his courage and fighting with two swords and two shields in the Battle of Siffin.[55]

Martyrdom

'Abd Allah b. Budayl attained martyrdom on the seventh[56] or ninth day of the Battle of Siffin[57] after his companions were martyred or wounded, by charging the enemy army alone; even though Malik al-Ashtar had asked him to stop his advance;[58] however, 'Abd Allah, who was determined to kill Mu'awiya,[59] advanced near his headquarters and killed 9 soldiers of the enemy army[60] and after they could not overcome him, he attained martyrdom by being stoned by the enemy.[61] Ibn A'tham al-Kufi reported further details of his warrior skills and bravery in the war.[62] Qadi al-Nu'man al-Maghribi claims that 'Abd Allah, along with three thousand of his companions, brought near 20,000 Syrians to destruction.[63]

According to the report of Ibn Abi l-Hadid, one of the Imam's companions came to 'Abd Allah b. Budayl's side in the last moments of his life, and 'Abd Allah made wills to him regarding God-wariness and helping the Imam and requested him to convey his greeting to the Imam; and after hearing 'Abd Allah's words, the Imam, while praising him, sent mercy upon him.[64]

Ya'qubi believes that 'Abd Allah's body was returned to the Imam's camp by his brother and Imam 'Ali (a) took God as witness to this matter.[65] His brother 'Abd al-Rahman has also been considered among the martyrs of the Battle of Siffin;[66] however, according to a report, he attained martyrdom in the Battle of Jamal.[67][68]

Mu'awiya intended to mutilate 'Abd Allah b. Budayl's body after his martyrdom, but he desisted from this act through the mediation of 'Abd Allah b. 'Amir[69] and it has even been said that Mu'awiya praised 'Abd Allah[70] and said: the love of the Khuza'a tribe for 'Ali is to the extent that if the women of this tribe also had the power to fight, they would fight 'Ali's enemies, let alone the men of this tribe.[71] Later, Mu'awiya also did not neglect to praise Ibn Budayl.[72]

In his book Sharh nahj al-balagha, Ibn Abi l-Hadid believes that Commander of the Faithful (a) mentioned 'Abd Allah and other martyrs of the Battle of Siffin in a speech after the end of the war and expressed regret for losing them.[73]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Sharh nahj al-balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 9, p. 111.
  2. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 5, p. 164; Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 1415 AH, vol. 4, p. 19.
  3. ↑ Kashshi, Rijal al-Kashshi, 1409 AH, p. 69.
  4. ↑ Dinawari, al-Akhbar al-tiwal, 1368 Sh, p. 175.
  5. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghaba, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 80.
  6. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 1415 AH, vol. 4, p. 19; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya, 1407 AH, vol. 5, p. 338.
  7. ↑ Ibn Habib, al-Muhabbar, Beirut, p. 184.
  8. ↑ Zirikli, al-A'lam, 1989, vol. 4, p. 73.
  9. ↑ Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 872.
  10. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 567.
  11. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 11, p. 511; with a slight difference: Ibn Hazm, Jamharat ansab al-'Arab, 1403 AH, p. 239.
  12. ↑ Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari believes that he was 24 years old at the time of martyrdom; (Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 4, p. 139) but in another place in his history book, he considered him among those who were present in the Conquest of Mecca and the battles of Hunayn and Tabuk. (Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 11, p. 511.)
  13. ↑ Zirikli, al-A'lam, 1989, vol. 4, p. 221.
  14. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 AH, vol. 33, p. 151.
  15. ↑ Tusi, al-Amali, 1414 AH, p. 361; Najashi, Rijal al-Najashi, 1365 Sh, p. 161.
  16. ↑ Nuri, Mustadrak al-wasa'il, al-Khatima, 1408 AH, vol. 3, p. 72.
  17. ↑ Sam'ani, al-Ansab, 1382 AH, vol. 2, p. 116.
  18. ↑ Kashshi, Rijal al-Kashshi, 1409 AH, p. 45.
  19. ↑ Bahrani Isfahani, 'Awalim al-'ulum, 1382 Sh, p. 489.
  20. ↑ Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 872; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghaba, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 80.
  21. ↑ Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 1, p. 150.
  22. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghaba, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 80; Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 872.
  23. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 1415 AH, vol. 1, p. 409.
  24. ↑ Ahmadi Miyanaji, Makātīb al-Rasūl (s), vol. 3, p. 127.
  25. ↑ Waqidi, al-Maghazi, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 749.
  26. ↑ Ibn Hayyun, Sharh al-akhbar, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 32.
  27. ↑ Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 1, p. 150, vol. 3, p. 872; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghaba, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 203.
  28. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 1415 AH, vol. 6, p. 5; Tusi, Rijal al-Tusi, 1373 Sh, p. 49.
  29. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 1415 AH, vol. 4, p. 18; Salihi al-Shami, Subul al-huda, 1414 AH, vol. 11, p. 363.
  30. ↑ Tusi, Rijal al-Tusi, 1373 Sh, p. 70; Ibn Dawud, al-Rijal, 1342 Sh, p. 199; Hilli, Rijal al-'Allama al-Hilli, 1411 AH, p. 103.
  31. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 1415 AH, vol. 1, p. 409, vol. 5, p. 438; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghaba, 1409 AH, vol. 4, p. 168; Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, 1403 AH, vol. 96, p. 308.
  32. ↑ Ibn Khayyat, Tarikh Khalifa, 1415 AH, p. 93; Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 326; Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 872.
  33. ↑ Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, al-Futuh, 1411 AH, vol. 2, p. 314; Bar Hebraeus, Tarikh mukhtasar al-duwal, 1992, p. 102.
  34. ↑ Baladhuri, Futuh al-buldan, 1988, p. 304.
  35. ↑ Ya'qubi, Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, Beirut, vol. 2, p. 157.
  36. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 566; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya, 1407 AH, vol. 7, p. 132.
  37. ↑ Baladhuri, Futuh al-buldan, 1988, p. 390; Ibn al-Faqih, al-Buldan, 1416 AH, p. 611.
  38. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 4, p. 180; Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408 AH, vol. 2, p. 566.
  39. ↑ Baladhuri, Ansab al-ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 8, p. 120.
  40. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 567.
  41. ↑ Mufid, al-Jamal wa l-nusra, 1413 AH, p. 103.
  42. ↑ Mufid, al-Jamal wa l-nusra, 1413 AH, p. 481.
  43. ↑ Mufid, al-Jamal wa l-nusra, 1413 AH, p. 342.
  44. ↑ Ibn Hayyun, Sharh al-akhbar, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 525; Mufid, al-Kafi'a, 1372 Sh, p. 35; Mufid, al-Jamal wa l-nusra, 1413 AH, p. 433.
  45. ↑ Baladhuri, Ansab al-ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 2, p. 331.
  46. ↑ Ahmadi Miyanaji, Makātīb al-A'imma (a), 1426 AH, vol. 1, p. 358.
  47. ↑ Ibn Khayyat, Tarikh Khalifa, 1415 AH, p. 117; Minqari, Waq'at Siffin, 1382 AH, p. 205; Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 541.
  48. ↑ Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, al-Futuh, 1411 AH, vol. 3, p. 25; Ibn Shahrashub, Manaqib Al Abi Talib (a), 1379 AH, vol. 3, p. 169.
  49. ↑ Dinawari, al-Akhbar al-tiwal, 1368 Sh, p. 172; Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 5, p. 11.
  50. ↑ Ibn Miskawayh, Tajarib al-umam, 1379 Sh, vol. 1, p. 522.
  51. ↑ Minqari, Waq'at Siffin, 1382 AH, p. 208, 232; Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 5, p. 15; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya, 1407 AH, vol. 7, p. 262, 271, 310.
  52. ↑ Ibn Miskawayh, Tajarib al-umam, 1379 Sh, vol. 1, p. 522; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya, 1407 AH, vol. 7, p. 262.
  53. ↑ Minqari, Waq'at Siffin, 1382 AH, p. 102, 234; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Sharh nahj al-balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 3, p. 180– 874; Baladhuri, Ansab al-ashraf, 1417 AH, vol. 2, p. 294.
  54. ↑ Ahmadi Miyanaji, Makātīb al-A'imma (a), 1426 AH, vol. 1, p. 358.
  55. ↑ Minqari, Waq'at Siffin, 1382 AH, p. 245; Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 541.
  56. ↑ Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Sharh nahj al-balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 5, p. 186; Ahmadi Miyanaji, Makātīb al-A'imma (a), 1426 AH, vol. 1, p. 535.
  57. ↑ Hashimi Khu'i, Minhaj al-barā'a, 1400 AH, vol. 15, p. 258.
  58. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 5, p. 23; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya, 1407 AH, vol. 7, p. 264.
  59. ↑ Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Sharh nahj al-balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 5, p. 197.
  60. ↑ Ibn Miskawayh, Tajarib al-umam, 1379 Sh, vol. 1, p. 528.
  61. ↑ Minqari, Waq'at Siffin, 1382 AH, p. 246; Dinawari, al-Akhbar al-tiwal, 1368 Sh, p. 176.
  62. ↑ Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, al-Futuh, 1411 AH, vol. 3, p. 25.
  63. ↑ Ibn Hayyun, Sharh al-akhbar, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 32.
  64. ↑ Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Sharh nahj al-balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 8, pp. 92–93.
  65. ↑ Ya'qubi, Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, Beirut, vol. 2, p. 182.
  66. ↑ Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 872; Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghaba, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 80; Mas'udi, Muruj al-dhahab, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 384.
  67. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al-Isaba, 1415 AH, vol. 4, p. 19; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Sharh nahj al-balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 9, p. 111.
  68. ↑ Mas'udi, without mentioning 'Abd al-Rahman, reported the killing of 'Abd Allah's brother in the Battle of Jamal. (Mas'udi, Muruj al-dhahab, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 388.)
  69. ↑ Minqari, Waq'at Siffin, 1382 AH, p. 246; Mas'udi, Muruj al-dhahab, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 388; Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 873.
  70. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-ghaba, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 81; Dinawari, al-Akhbar al-tiwal, 1368 Sh, p. 176; Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa l-muluk, 1387 AH, vol. 5, p. 24.
  71. ↑ Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, al-Isti'ab, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 873.
  72. ↑ Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, al-Futuh, 1411 AH, vol. 3, p. 162.
  73. ↑ Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Sharh nahj al-balagha, 1404 AH, vol. 10, p. 110.

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