Ruqayya Daughter of the Prophet (s): Difference between revisions
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==View point of Shi'a and Sunni== | ==View point of Shi'a and Sunni== | ||
Sunni believes that Ruqayya was the daughter of the Prophet (s) and Khadija, and was the wife of 'Uthman b. 'Affan.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1839.</ref> And 'Uthman was called Dhu l-Nurayn (the one who has two lights) because he had married Ruqayya and Umm Kulthum -two daughters of the Prophet (s). | Sunni believes that Ruqayya was the daughter of the Prophet (s) and Khadija, and was the wife of 'Uthman b. 'Affan.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1839.</ref> And 'Uthman was called Dhu l-Nurayn (the one who has two lights) because he had married Ruqayya and Umm Kulthum -two daughters of the Prophet (s).<ref>Suyūṭī, ''Tārīkh al-khulafāʾ'', p. 119.</ref> | ||
But there are different standpoints about her among Shi'a scholars: | But there are different standpoints about her among Shi'a scholars: | ||
Revision as of 14:38, 10 May 2017
| Daughter of the Prophet (s) | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Ruqayya bt. Muhammad (s) |
| Lineage | Banu Hashim |
| Well-known Relatives | The Prophet (s), Khadija (a), 'Uthman b. 'Affan |
| Place of Birth | Mecca |
| Places of Residence | Mecca, Medina |
| Death/Martyrdom | 2/624 |
| Burial Place | Al-Baqi' Cemetery |
| Era | Early Islam |
| Known for | Wife of 'Uthman b. 'Affan |
| Activities | Migration to Abyssinia and Medina |
Ruqayya the daughter of the Prophet (s) (Arabic: رُقَیة بنت رسول الله) (d. 2/624) at first married 'Utba b. Abi Lahab, but when Sura al-Masad revealed, her husband divorced her, then she married 'Uthman b. 'Affan. She emigrated twice. She finally passed away in 2/624 and was buried in Baqi' Cemetery.
In the opinion of some Shi'a scholars such as al-Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-'Amili, Ruqayya was not the daughter of the Prophet (s) and Khadija (a), but she was the daughter of Hala, the sister of Khadija, and because she was brought up in the Prophet (s)'s house, she was known as the daughter of the Prophet (s).
Lineage
Ruqayya the daughter of Khadija bt. Khuwaylid[1] was born before Hijra in Mecca. She is counted as the eldest, the second, or even the last daughter of the Prophet (s).[2]
Marriage and Emigration
Ruqayya bt. Khadija married 'Utba b. Abi Lahab, but when Sura al-Masad was revealed, 'Utba divorced her by the order of his father, Abu Lahab.[3] After that she married 'Uthman b. 'Affan and emigrated with him to Abyssinia. When the Prophet (s) immigrated from Mecca to Medina, she emigrated from Abyssinia to Medina.[4] Historical sources cast doubt on she and 'Uthman b. 'Affan having two chidren named 'Abd Allah and 'Amr who died in childhood.[5]
When Khadija converted to Islam, Ruqayya also embraced Islam and pledged allegiance to the Prophet (s).[6]
Demise
When the Prophet (s) was on his way to the Battle of Badr, Ruqayya got typhoid and the Prophet (s) order 'Uthman to stay with her.[7] Ruqayya passed away in Ramadan 17, 2/March 16, 624 (on the day of Muslim's victory in the Battle of Badr).[8]
Shi'a sources,[9] however, reported a different cause for her death: 'Uthman beat her severely accusing her of revealing the hiding place of Mughayrat b. Abi l-'As to the Prophet (s).[10]
There are some reports that some women including Fatima (a) came to her grave and wept. The second caliph prevented them from crying at her grave by threatening them with a whip The Prophet (s) rebuked him and stopped him from doing this action..[11]
In her burial, the Prophet (s) prevented 'Uthman from entering her grave by saying "Whoever had intercourse last night will not enter the grave."[12]
Her name is mentioned in a supplication of the month of Ramadan: "O, Allah send your peace upon Ruqayya the daughter of your Messenger …"[13]
Tomb
The building on the graves of the Prophet's daughters: Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum, and Zaynab, was located on north of the Shi'a Imams's graves and on the southwest of the Prophet's wives's graves. However, historical sources reported that she was buried near the grave of 'Uthman b. Maz'un due to the Prophet's (s) order. In the past, there was a brass burial chamber on their (the Prophet's daughters) graves.[14] The building was destroyed by Wahhabis.
View point of Shi'a and Sunni
Sunni believes that Ruqayya was the daughter of the Prophet (s) and Khadija, and was the wife of 'Uthman b. 'Affan.[15] And 'Uthman was called Dhu l-Nurayn (the one who has two lights) because he had married Ruqayya and Umm Kulthum -two daughters of the Prophet (s).[16]
But there are different standpoints about her among Shi'a scholars:
- Ruqayya -the wife of 'Uthman- was not the daughter of the Prophet (s); but she was the daughter of Hala, sister of Khadija, and was brought up in the Prophet's (s) house. Ruqayya -the daughter of the Prophet (s)- was born after Bi'tha.[17]
- Ruqayya was the daughter of Khadija not the Prophet's. Because Khadija had married to other men before her marriage to the Prophet (s).
- Ruqayya was the daughter of Khadija and the Prophet (s).
Notes
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1139-1140.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1139-1140.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 401.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 3, p. 1308, vol. 4, 1139-1140; Kaḥḥāla, Aʿlām al-nisāʾ, vol. 1, p. 457; vol. 1, p. 457; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 35.
- ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 35; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1840; vol. 3, p. 1037.
- ↑ Kaḥḥāla, Aʿlām al-nisāʾ, vol. 1, p. 457.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 3, p. 1308.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 3, p. 1038.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 3, p. 236.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 22, p. 167.
- ↑ Kaḥḥāla, Aʿlām al-nisāʾ, vol. 4, p. 458.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 3, p. 487.
- ↑ Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Tahdhīb al-aḥkām, vol. 3, p. 120.
- ↑ Jaʿfarīyān, Panjāh safarnāmih Ḥajj Qājārī, vol. 5, p. 241.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1839.
- ↑ Suyūṭī, Tārīkh al-khulafāʾ, p. 119.
- ↑ ʿĀmilī, al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-Nabī al-aʿẓam, vol. 1, p. 123-125.
References
- The material for this article is mainly taken from رقیه دختر پیامبر (ص) in Farsi Wikishia.
