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{{Infobox Shia scholar
{{Infobox Shia scholar
| title   = 'Allama Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi
| title = Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi
| image   = Allama Majlisi.jpg
| image = Allama Majlisi.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| image_size =
| caption   = al-'Allama Majlisi
| caption = Painting of al-'Allama al-Majlisi by one his contemporary painters
| Full name   = Muhammad Baqir b. Muhammad Taqi b. al-Maqsud 'Ali al-Majlisi
| Full name = Muhammad Baqir b. Muhammad Taqi b. al-Maqsud 'Ali al-Majlisi
| Nickname   = al-'Allama al-Majlisi, the Second Majlisi
| Nickname = Al-'Allama al-Majlisi, the Second al-Majlisi
| Lineage   =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives   = [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]] (father) {{•}} [[Mulla Salih al-Mazandarani]]
| Well known relatives = [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]] (father), [[Mulla Salih Mazandarani]]
| Birth = [[1037]]/1628-9
| Birth = [[1037]]/1628-9
| Place of study =
| Place of study =
Line 14: Line 14:
| Death= [[1110]]/1699-1700
| Death= [[1110]]/1699-1700
| Burial place = Grand Mosque of Isfahan
| Burial place = Grand Mosque of Isfahan
| Professors = [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]]{{•}} [[Mulla Salih al-Mazandarani]]{{•}} [[Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani]]
| Professors = [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]], [[Mulla Salih al-Mazandarani]], [[Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani]]
| Permission to narrate from =
| Permission to narrate from =
| Permission to ijtihad from =
| Permission to ijtihad from =
| Permission to narrate to =
| Permission to narrate to =
| Permission to ijtihad to =
| Permission to ijtihad to =
| Works = ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''{{•}} ''[[Mir'at al-'uqul]]''{{•}} ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]''{{•}} ''[['Ayn al-hayat]]''{{•}} ''[[Hayat al-qulub]]'', and ...
| Works = ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', ''[[Mir'at al-'uqul]]'', ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]'', ''[['Ayn al-hayat]]'', ''[[Hayat al-qulub]]'', ...
| Scholarly activities =
| Scholarly activities =
| Socio-political activities= Religious reformation at his time; Working as [[Shaykh al-Islam]] in the time of Shah Sultan Sulayman and [[Shah Sultan Husayn]]
| Socio-political activities= Religious reformation at his time; Working as [[Shaykh al-Islam]] in the time of Shah Sultan Sulayman and [[Shah Sultan Husayn]]
Line 25: Line 25:
| Official website=
| Official website=
}}
}}
'''Muḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad Taqī b. al-Maqsūd ʿAlī al-Majlisī''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| محمد باقر بن محمد تقي بن المقصود علي المجلسي}}) known as '''ʿAllāma al-Majlisī''' ({{iarabic|علامة مجلسي}}) or the '''Second Majlisī''' ({{iarabic|المجلسي الثاني}}) (b. [[1037]]/1628-9 d. [[1110]]/1699) was among the most famous [[shi'a]] scholars in [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]]. He was among influential government officials of [[Shi'a]] in [[Safavid]] era and the author of the comprehensive hadith collection of ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''.
'''Muḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad Taqī b. al-Maqsūd ʿAlī ʾal-Majlisī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|محمد باقر بن محمد تقي بن المقصود علي المجلسي}}) known as '''ʾal-ʿAllāma ʾal-Majlisī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|العلامة المجلسي}}) or the '''Second al-Majlisī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|المجلسي الثاني}}) (b. [[1037]]/1628-9 d. [[1110]]/1699) was among the most famous [[Shi'a]] scholars in [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]]. He was among influential government officials in [[Safavid]] era and the author of the comprehensive hadith collection of ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]''.


He was specialist in different Islamic sciences such as [[exegesis of Qur'an]], Hadith studies, fiqh, [[Usul al-Fiqh]], history of [[Islam]], [[rijal]], [[Dirayat al-hadith]].
He was specialist in different Islamic sciences such as [[exegesis of Qur'an]], hadith studies, fiqh, [[usul al-fiqh]], history of [[Islam]], [[rijal]], [[dirayat al-hadith]].


Majlisi wrote many works such as: ''Bihar al-anwar'', ''[[Mir'at al-'uqul]]'', ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]'', ''[[Zad al-ma'ad]]'', ''[[Tuhfat al-za'ir]]'', ''[['Ayn al-hayat]]'', ''[[Hayat al-qulub]]'', ''[[Jala' al-'uyun]]'' and ''[[Hilyat al-muttaqin]]''.
Al-Majlisi wrote many works such as: ''Bihar al-anwar'', ''[[Mir'at al-'uqul]]'', ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]'', ''[[Zad al-ma'ad]]'', ''[[Tuhfat al-za'ir]]'', ''[['Ayn al-hayat]]'', ''[[Hayat al-qulub]]'', ''[[Jala' al-'uyun]]'', and ''[[Hilyat al-muttaqin]]''.


== Birth and Lineage ==
== Birth and Lineage ==
He was born in [[Isfahan]] in [[1037]]/ 1628. He was born in the rule of [[Safavids]] and the last year of the rule of [[Shah 'Abbas I]]. His father, [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi]] was among the noblemen and famous Islamic authorities of his time and one of the students of [[Shaykh al-Baha'i]], [[Mulla 'Abd Allah Shushtari]], and [[Mirdamad]]. Muhammad Baqir's mother was a daughter of [[Sadr al-Din Muhammad 'Ashuri Qummi]] who was in a family of knowledge and virtue.
He was born in [[Isfahan]] in [[1037]]/1628. He was born in the rule of [[Safavids]] and the last year of the rule of [[Shah 'Abbas I]]. His father, [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]] was among the noblemen and famous Islamic authorities of his time and one of the students of [[Baha' al-Din al-'Amili]], [['Abd Allah al-Shushtari]], and [[Mirdamad]]. Muhammad Baqir's mother was a daughter of Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-'Ashuri al-Qummi who was in a family of knowledge and virtue.
 
It is quoted from [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi|Muhammad Baqir's father]], "One night after the [[midnight prayer]], I had a great feeling and just heard my kid's crying. I said to God, 'O God! By the rights of [[Muhammad (s)]] and his family (a) make this kid a preacher of Your religion and the rulings of the [[Prophet (s)|Master of Prophets (s)]] and bless him with limitless opportunities.'"<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Vol.102, P.11</ref> It is also quoted from him that he ordered his wife not to milk Muhammad Baqir when she was not Tahir.


It is said that Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi had three wives, 4 sons, and 5 daughters.
It is said that Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi had three wives, 4 sons, and 5 daughters.
=== Family of Majlisi ===
Family of 'Allama Majlisi is among the most honorable [[Shi'a]] families in recent centuries. There have been about a hundred pious scholars in this family.


Muhammad Baqir's progenitor of his father was [[Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani]]. He was among the [[hadith]] scholars and memorizers of the [[Qur'an]]. Muhammad Baqir's grandfather was [[Mulla Maqsud]] who is described as a pious poet and a knowledgeable scholar. His father's mother was the daughter of Kamal al-Din Shaykh [[Hasan 'Amili Natanzi Isfahani]]. Muhammad Baqir's brothers were Mirza 'Aziz Allah and Mulla 'Abd Allah who have been praised by [[Muhaddith Nuri]]. [[Amina Beygum]] was the most famous sister of Majlisi who was among the scholars of her time and the wife of [[Mulla Salih al-Mazandarani]].
=== Majlisi Family===
Family of al-'Allama al-Majlisi is among the most honorable [[Shi'a]] families in recent centuries. There have been about a hundred pious scholars in this family.


=== Reason for Naming Majlisi ===
Muhammad Baqir's progenitor of his father was [[Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani]]. He was among the [[hadith]] scholars and memorizers of the [[Qur'an]]. Muhammad Baqir's grandfather was Mulla Maqsud who is described as a pious poet and a knowledgeable scholar. His father's mother was the daughter of Kamal al-Din al-Hasan al-'Amili al-Natanzi al-Isfahani. Muhammad Baqir's brothers were Mirza 'Aziz Allah and Mulla 'Abd Allah who have been praised by [[Muhaddith Nuri]]. [[Amina Biygum]] was the most famous sister of al-Majlisi who was among the scholars of her time and the wife of [[Mulla Salih Mazandarani]].
 
=== Reason for Naming===
It is said that since his grandfather held great majlis (religious gathering) or since he used the pen-name "Majlisi", his family become famous as Majlisi. Another report is that they became famous as Majlisi was because Muahammad Taqi was living in the village Majlis of [[Isfahan]].
It is said that since his grandfather held great majlis (religious gathering) or since he used the pen-name "Majlisi", his family become famous as Majlisi. Another report is that they became famous as Majlisi was because Muahammad Taqi was living in the village Majlis of [[Isfahan]].


== Education ==
== Education ==
[[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi|His father]] began his education from early ages and Muhammad Baqir was interested in learning all religious sciences. He wrote;
[[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi|His father]] began his education from early ages and Muhammad Baqir was interested in learning all religious sciences. He wrote;


:::"I was interested in different religious sciences since when I was a youth and I loved them and due to [[God]]'s mercy I could enter gardens of knowledge. Then I learned right and wrong judgments in that knowledge so that I earned various fruits and colorful flowers of that for myself. I drank from every spring and picked up from every bouquet."<ref>Majlisi, Vol.1, P.2</ref>
:"I was interested in different religious sciences since when I was a youth and I loved them and due to God's mercy I could enter gardens of knowledge. Then I learned right and wrong judgments in that knowledge so that I earned various fruits and colorful flowers of that for myself. I drank from every spring and picked up from every bouquet."<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Vol.1, P.2</ref>


== Scholarly Position ==
== Scholarly Position ==
'Allama Majlisi has such a fame in different Islamic sciences that needs no explanations. He was among great scholars who had comprehensive knowledge. He was the top scholar of his time in different Islamic sciences such as [[exegesis of Qur'an]], [[hadith studies]], [[fiqh]], [[usul]], history, [[rijal]] and [[diraya]]. A look at ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' best demonstrate this.
Al-'Allama al-Majlisi has such a fame in different Islamic sciences that needs no explanations. He was among great scholars who had comprehensive knowledge. He was the top scholar of his time in different Islamic sciences such as [[exegesis of Qur'an]], [[hadith studies]], [[fiqh]], [[usul]], history, [[rijal]], and [[diraya]]. A look at ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' best demonstrate this.


Moreover, having knowledge of rational sciences such as [[philosophy]], [[logic]], mathematics, [[Arabic literature]], geography, [[medicine]], [[astronomy]] and [[occult sciences]] made him a great personality.
Moreover, having knowledge of rational sciences such as [[philosophy]], [[logic]], mathematics, [[Arabic literature]], geography, [[medicine]], [[astronomy]], and [[occult sciences]] made him a great personality.


He was very sharp-witted about the hadiths which were difficult to understand. His explanations about [[hadith|hadiths]] and verses of the [[Qur'an]] are very nice and very little mistakes could be found in them. In addition to hadiths, 'Allama Majlisi was very knowledgeable in fiqh even though most of the volumes of ''Bihal al-anwar'' dedicated to fiqh did not become rewritten and corrected.
He was very sharp-witted about the hadiths which were difficult to understand. His explanations about [[hadith|hadiths]] and verses of the [[Qur'an]] are very nice and very little mistakes could be found in them. In addition to hadiths, al-'Allama al-Majlisi was very knowledgeable in fiqh even though most of the volumes of ''Bihal al-anwar'' dedicated to fiqh did not become rewritten and corrected.


== Father's Prayer for Him ==
== In the Talk of the Noble ==
It is quoted from [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi|Muhammad Baqir's father]], "One night after the [[midnight prayer]], I had a great feeling and just heard my kid's crying. I said to God, 'O God! By the rights of [[Muhammad (s)]] and his family (a) make this kid a preacher of Your religion and the rulings of the [[Prophet (s)|Master of Prophets (s)]] and bless him with limitless opportunities.'"<ref>Majlisi, Vol.102, P.11</ref> It is also quoted from him that he ordered his wife not to milk Muhammad Baqir when she was not Tahir.
 
== Majlisi in the Talk of the Noble ==
About him, it is said that he was the first person who taught [[hadith sciences]] in [[[Safavid]] era.
About him, it is said that he was the first person who taught [[hadith sciences]] in [[[Safavid]] era.


[[Shaykh Hurr al-'Amili]] says, "He paid attention to all sciences and studied them carefully."<ref>Majlisi, Vol.107, P.104</ref>
[[Al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili]] says, "He paid attention to all sciences and studied them carefully."<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Vol.107, P.104</ref>


[[Muhammad 'Ali Ardabili]] praised him greatly.
[[Muhammad 'Ali Ardabili]] praised him greatly.


[[Mirza Muhamamd Tunkabuni]] says, "His ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]'' alone made 3000 of [[Levant]] Sunnis convert to Shi'a."<ref>Tunikabuni, P.205</ref>
[[Mirza Muhamamd Tunkabuni]] says, "His ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]'' alone made 3000 of [[Syria]]n Sunnis convert to Shi'a."<ref>Tunikabuni, ''Qisas al-'ulama'', P.205</ref>


The Sunni scholar 'Abd al-'Aziz Dihlawi, who wrote books against Shi'a, said, "If Shi'a is called Majlisi's religion, it would be fine; that was he who promoted this school and before that it was not influential."<ref>Al-Amin, Vol.9, P.183</ref>
The Sunni scholar 'Abd al-'Aziz Dihlawi, who wrote books against Shi'a, said, "If Shi'a is called Majlisi's religion, it would be fine; that was he who promoted this school and before that it was not influential."<ref>Al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', Vol.9, P.183</ref>


== Teachers and Hadith References ==
== Teachers and Hadith References ==
According to [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]]'s ''al-Fayd al-Qudsi fi tarjimat al-Allama al-Majlisi'', Majlisi's teachers are many and Nuri mentions 18 of them:
According to [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]]'s ''al-Fayd al-Qudsi fi tarjimat al-Allama al-Majlisi'', Majlisi's teachers are many and Nuri mentions 18 of them:
 
{{cb|2}}
* [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi]], his father who passed away in 1071 AH.
* [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]], his father (d. 1071/1660-1),
* [[Mulla Salih Mazandarani]], the author of ''Sharh Usul al-Kafi'' (d. 1081 AH)
* [[Mulla Salih Mazandarani]], the author of ''Sharh usul al-kafi'' (d. 1081/1670-1)
* [[Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani]], the author of ''[[Tafsi al-safi]]'', ''[[al-Mahajjat al-bayda]]'' and ''[[al-Wafi]]'' (d. 1081 AH)
* [[Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani]], the author of ''[[Tafsi al-safi]]'', ''[[al-Mahajjat al-bayda]]'' and ''[[al-Wafi]]'' (d. 1081/1670-1)
* [[Sayyid 'Ali Khan Madani]], the author of ''[[Riyad al-salikin]]'', a commentary of ''[[Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya]]'' (d. 1118 AH)
* [[Sayyid 'Ali Khan Madani]], the author of ''[[Riyad al-salikin]]'', a commentary of ''[[al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya]]'' (d. 1118/1706-7)
* [[Mulla Khalil Qazwini]], the author of ''Safi'', a commentary of ''[[al-Kafi]]'' (d. 1081 AH)
* [[Mulla Khalil al-Qazwini]], the author of ''Safi'', a commentary of ''[[al-Kafi]]'' (d. 1081/1670-1)
* [[Shaykh Hurr al-'Amili]], the author of ''[[Wasa'il al-shi'a]]'' (d. 1104 AH)
* [[Al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili]], the author of ''[[Wasa'il al-Shi'a]]'' (d. 1104/1692-3)
* [[Mulla Muhammad Tahir Qummi]] (d. 1198 AH)
* Mulla Muhammad Tahir al-Qummi (d. 1198/1783-4)
* [[Mirza Raf' al-Din Na'ini]] (d. 1199 AH)
* Mirza Raf' al-Din al-Na'ini (d. 1199/1784-5)
* [[Mulla Hasan 'Ali Shushtari]] (d. 1029)
* Mulla Hasan 'Ali al-Shushtari (d. 1029/1619-20)
* [[Mirza Muhammad Qasim Quhpa'i]]
* Mirza Muhammad Qasim al-Quhpa'i
* [[Muhammad Sharif Ruydashti Isfahani]] (d. 1087 AH)
* Muhammad Sharif Ruydashti Isfahani (d. 1087/1676-7)
* [[Amir Sharaf al-Din Husayni Shulistani]] (d. 1060 AH)
* Amir Sharaf al-Din al-Husayni al-Shulistani (d. 1060/1650)
* [[Allama Shaykh 'Ali]] (d. 1103 AH)
* Al-Allama al-Shaykh 'Ali (d. 1103/1691-2)
 
{{end}}
== Students and Narrators ==
== Students and Narrators ==
Some reports have mentioned the number of his students exceeded 1000, each of whom became a famous scholar of his own field. [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]] mentioned 49 of them, some of whom are:
Some reports have mentioned the number of his students exceeded 1000, each of whom became a famous scholar of his own field. [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]] mentioned 49 of them, some of whom are:
 
{{cb|2}}
* [[Mirza 'Abd Allah Afandi Isfahani]], the author of ''[[Riyad al-'ulama]]'' and ''[[Sahifa thalitha Sajjadiyya]] (d. 1137 AH)
* [[Mirza 'Abd Allah Afandi al-Isfahani]], the author of ''[[Riyad al-'ulama]]'' and ''[[al-Sahifa al-thalitha al-Sajjadiyya]] (d. 1137/1724-5)
* [[Sayyid Ni'mat Allah Jaza'iri]], the author of ''[[al-Anwar al-Nu'maniyya]] (d. 1112 AH)
* [[Al-Sayyid Ni'mat Allah al-Jaza'iri]], the author of ''[[al-Anwar al-Nu'maniyya]] (d. 1112/1700-1)
* [[Shaykh 'Abd Allah Bahrani]], the author of ''[[Awalim al-'ulum]]'' (d. 1127 AH)
* [[Al-Shaykh 'Abd Allah al-Bahrani]], the author of ''[[Awalim al-'ulum]]'' (d. 1127/1715)
* [[Muhamamd b. 'Ali Ardabili]], the author of ''Jami' al-Ruwat on rijal'' (d. 1101 AH)
* [[Muhamamd b. 'Ali al-Ardabili]], the author of ''Jami' al-ruwat'' (d. 1101/1689090)
* [[Mirza Muhammad Mashhadi]], the author of the Qur'an commentary ''[[Kanz al-Daqa'iq]]'' (d. 1125 AH)
* [[Mirza Muhammad al-Mashhadi]], the author of the Qur'an commentary ''[[Kanz al-daqa'iq]]'' (d. 1125/1713)
* [[Mulla Muhamamd Rafi' Gilani]]
* [[Mulla Muhamamd al-Rafi' al-Gilani]]
* [[Mir Muhammad Husayn Khatun Abadi]]
* [[Mir Muhammad Husayn al-Khatunbadi]]
* [[Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Khwansari]]
* [[Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khwansari]]
* [[Mulla Muhammad Sarab Tunkabuni]]
* [[Mulla Muhammad Sarab al-Tunkabuni]]
 
{{end}}
== Scholarly, Political and Cultural Services ==
== Scholarly, Political and Cultural Services ==
# Fighting with [[Sufism|Sufis]] and their thoughts and beliefs
* Fighting with [[Sufism|Sufis]] and their thoughts and beliefs
# Writing different books in different topics of [[fiqh]], [[exegesis of Qur'an]], [[theology]], [[hadith studies]], history, [[du'a]] and prayers and writing the hadith encyclopedia of ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' and collecting hadiths and categorizing them.
* Writing different books in different topics of [[fiqh]], [[exegesis of Qur'an]], [[theology]], [[hadith studies]], history, [[du'a]] and prayers, and writing the hadith encyclopedia of ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' and collecting hadiths and categorizing them.
# Writing and translating some religious texts in simple Persian for common people.
* Writing and translating some religious texts in simple Persian for common people.
# Issuing [[fatwa]] and answering people's religious questions in most simple ways.
* Issuing [[fatwa]] and answering people's religious questions in the most simple ways.
#Religious reformations and fighting with centers of corruption, idol houses and fighting alcohol drinking.
* Religious reformations and fighting with centers of corruption, idol houses, and fighting alcohol drinking.
# Establishing [[Friday prayer]], congregations, gatherings and speeches.
* Establishing [[Friday prayer]], [[congregatioal prayer]], religious gatherings, and speeches.
# Accepting the position of judgment and being Sheykh al-Islam at the time of Shah Sultan Sulayman and Shah Sultan Husayn and using his influence for establishing Shi'a beliefs.
* Accepting the position of judgment and being [[Shaykh al-Islam]] at the time of Shah Sultan Sulayman and Shah Sultan Husayn and using his influence for establishing Shi'a beliefs.
#Reconciling people's arguments.
* Reconciling people's arguments.


== Works ==
== Works ==
[[File:Bihar al-anwar.jpg|thumbnail|one volume of the great hadith collection of ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'']]
[[File:Bihar al-anwar.jpg|thumbnail|one volume of the great hadith collection of ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'']]
'Allamah Majlisi's works in different topics which exceed 70 topics in Persian and Arabic. [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] counted Majlisi's works as 169 volumes.
'Allamah Majlisi's works in different topics which exceed 70 topics in Persian and Arabic. [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] counted Majlisi's works as 169 volumes.
{{cb|2}}
* ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' in 110 volumes which is considered the great encyclopedia of Shi'a hadiths.
* ''[[Mir'at al-'uqul]]'' as a commentary on [[al-Shaykh al-Kulayni]]'s ''[[al-Kafi]]'' in 26 volumes.
* ''[[Maladh al-akhyar fi fahm tahdhib al-akhbar]]'' as the commentary on [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]]'s ''[[al-Tahdhib]]'' in 16 volumes.
* ''Al-wajizat fi l-rijal''
* ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]'' on beliefs in Persian
* ''[[Zad al-ma'ad]]'' on practices and supplications of every month in Persian
* ''Sharh al-arba'in''
* ''[[Tuhfat al-za'ir]]'' on pilgrims' prayers upon their visits
* ''[['Ayn al-hayat]]'' on advice and rulings from verses and hadiths from the Infallible (a) in Persian
* ''[[Mishkat al-anwar]]'' about the [[Qur'an]] and du'as, recitation and rewards for it
* ''[[Hayat al-qulub]]'' on the lives of [[prophets (a)]], the Prophet of Islam (s) and Imams (a).
* ''[[Jala' al-'uyun]]'' on history and the hardships of the [[Infallible (a)]].
* ''[[Hilyat al-muttaqin]]'' on the manners of socializing and recommended actions in individual and collective lives in Persian.
* ''Al-Fara'id al-tariqiyyah fi sharh al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya''
* ''Rabi' al-asabi'''
* ''Risalat diyat''
* ''Risalat al-i'tiqad''
* ''Risalat al-awzan''
* ''Risalat al-shukuk''
* ''Miqbast al-masabih''
* ''Al-Masa'il al-hindiyya''
* ''Sirat al-naja''
{{end}}


# ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' in 110 volumes which is called the Great Encyclopedia of Shi'a Hadiths.
[[File:674px-ضریح مقبره علامه مجلسی (پدر و پسر).jpg|thumbnail|the tomb of al-'Allama al-Majlisi and his father, [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]] in [[Isfahan]]]]
# ''[[Mir'at al-'uqul]]'' as a commentary on Shaykh al-Kulayni's ''[[al-Kafi]]'' in 26 volumes.
# ''[[Maladh al-akhyar fi fahm tahdhib al-akhbar]]'' as the commentary on [[Shaykh al-Tusi]]'s ''[[al-Tahdhib]]'' in 16 volumes.
# ''Al-wajizat fi al-rijal''
# ''[[Haqq al-yaqin]]'' on beliefs in Persian
# ''[[Zad al-Ma'ad]]'' on practices and supplications of every month in Persian
# ''Shah al-Arba'in''
# ''[[Tuhfat al-za'ir]]'' on Pilgrims' prayers upon their visits
# ''[['Ayn al-Hayat]]'' on advice and rulings from verses and hadiths from the Infallible (a) in Persian
# ''[[Mishkat al-anwar]]'' about the [[Qur'an]] and du'as, recitation and rewards for it
# ''[[Hayat al-qulub]]'' on the lives of [[prophets (s)]], the Prophet of Islam (s) and Imams (a).
# ''[[Jala' al-'uyun]]'' on history and the hardships of the [[Infallible (a)]].
# ''[[Hilyat al-muttaqin]]'' on the manners of socializing and recommended actions in individual and collective lives in Persian.
# ''Al-Fara'id al-tariqiyyah fi sharh al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya''
# ''Rabi' al-asabi'''
# ''Risala diyyat''
# ''Risala al-i'tiqad''
# ''Risala al-awzan''
# ''Risala al-shukuk''
# ''Miqbas al-masabih''
# ''Al-Masa'il al-hindiyya]]
# ''Sirat al-najat''
 
== Demise ==
== Demise ==
[[File:674px-ضریح مقبره علامه مجلسی (پدر و پسر).jpg|thumbnail|the tomb of 'Allama Majlisi and his father, [[Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi]] in [[Isfahan]]]]
Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi passed away in the eve of [[Ramadan 27]], [[1110]]/[[March 29]], 1699 in [[Isfahan]] at the age of 70. He was buried beside the [[Grand Mosque of Isfahan]] beside the grave of [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi|his father]] according to his will.
Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi passed away in the eve of 27th of [[Ramadan]] 1110 AH/29th of March, 1699 in [[Isfahan]] at the age of 70. He was buried beside the [[Grand Mosque of Isfahan]] beside the grave of [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi|his father]] according to his will.
 
== Notes ==
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== References ==
<div style="{{column-count|2}}">
* [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Al-Amin, Sayyid Muhsin]], ''[[A'yan al-shi'a]]'', [[Bierut]], dar al-ta'aruf li al-matbu'at;
* Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'', Beirut, mu'assisa al-wafa', 1403;
* [[Mirza Muhammad Tunikabuni|Tunikabuni, Mirza Muhammad]], ''Qisas al-'ulama'';
</div>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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== External Links ==
== Notes ==
*The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C محمد باقر مجلسی] in Farsi WikiShia.
{{notes}}


== References ==
{{references}}
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C محمد باقر مجلسی] in Farsi WikiShia.
* Amin, Sayyid Muhsin al-. ''A'yan al-Shi'a''. Bierut, Dar al-Ta'aruf li-l-Matbu'at;
* Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-. ''Bihar al-anwar''. Beirut, mu'assisa al-wafa', 1403 AH;
* Tunikabuni, Mirza Muhammad. ''Qisas al-'ulama'';
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{{Shi'a Faqihs}}
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Revision as of 23:03, 11 July 2016

Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi
Painting of al-'Allama al-Majlisi by one his contemporary painters
Painting of al-'Allama al-Majlisi by one his contemporary painters
Personal Information
Full NameMuhammad Baqir b. Muhammad Taqi b. al-Maqsud 'Ali al-Majlisi
Well-Known AsAl-'Allama al-Majlisi, the Second al-Majlisi
Well-Known RelativesMuhammad Taqi al-Majlisi (father), Mulla Salih Mazandarani
Birth1037/1628-9
ResidenceIsfahan
Death1110/1699-1700
Burial PlaceGrand Mosque of Isfahan
Scholarly Information
ProfessorsMuhammad Taqi al-Majlisi, Mulla Salih al-Mazandarani, Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani
WorksBihar al-anwar, Mir'at al-'uqul, Haqq al-yaqin, 'Ayn al-hayat, Hayat al-qulub, ...
Socio-Political Activities
Socio-Political
Activities		Religious reformation at his time; Working as Shaykh al-Islam in the time of Shah Sultan Sulayman and Shah Sultan Husayn


Muḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad Taqī b. al-Maqsūd ʿAlī ʾal-Majlisī (Arabic: محمد باقر بن محمد تقي بن المقصود علي المجلسي) known as ʾal-ʿAllāma ʾal-Majlisī (Arabic: العلامة المجلسي) or the Second al-Majlisī (Arabic: المجلسي الثاني) (b. 1037/1628-9 d. 1110/1699) was among the most famous Shi'a scholars in fiqh and hadith. He was among influential government officials in Safavid era and the author of the comprehensive hadith collection of Bihar al-anwar.

He was specialist in different Islamic sciences such as exegesis of Qur'an, hadith studies, fiqh, usul al-fiqh, history of Islam, rijal, dirayat al-hadith.

Al-Majlisi wrote many works such as: Bihar al-anwar, Mir'at al-'uqul, Haqq al-yaqin, Zad al-ma'ad, Tuhfat al-za'ir, 'Ayn al-hayat, Hayat al-qulub, Jala' al-'uyun, and Hilyat al-muttaqin.

Birth and Lineage

He was born in Isfahan in 1037/1628. He was born in the rule of Safavids and the last year of the rule of Shah 'Abbas I. His father, Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi was among the noblemen and famous Islamic authorities of his time and one of the students of Baha' al-Din al-'Amili, 'Abd Allah al-Shushtari, and Mirdamad. Muhammad Baqir's mother was a daughter of Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-'Ashuri al-Qummi who was in a family of knowledge and virtue.

It is quoted from Muhammad Baqir's father, "One night after the midnight prayer, I had a great feeling and just heard my kid's crying. I said to God, 'O God! By the rights of Muhammad (s) and his family (a) make this kid a preacher of Your religion and the rulings of the Master of Prophets (s) and bless him with limitless opportunities.'"[1] It is also quoted from him that he ordered his wife not to milk Muhammad Baqir when she was not Tahir.

It is said that Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi had three wives, 4 sons, and 5 daughters.

Majlisi Family

Family of al-'Allama al-Majlisi is among the most honorable Shi'a families in recent centuries. There have been about a hundred pious scholars in this family.

Muhammad Baqir's progenitor of his father was Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani. He was among the hadith scholars and memorizers of the Qur'an. Muhammad Baqir's grandfather was Mulla Maqsud who is described as a pious poet and a knowledgeable scholar. His father's mother was the daughter of Kamal al-Din al-Hasan al-'Amili al-Natanzi al-Isfahani. Muhammad Baqir's brothers were Mirza 'Aziz Allah and Mulla 'Abd Allah who have been praised by Muhaddith Nuri. Amina Biygum was the most famous sister of al-Majlisi who was among the scholars of her time and the wife of Mulla Salih Mazandarani.

Reason for Naming

It is said that since his grandfather held great majlis (religious gathering) or since he used the pen-name "Majlisi", his family become famous as Majlisi. Another report is that they became famous as Majlisi was because Muahammad Taqi was living in the village Majlis of Isfahan.

Education

His father began his education from early ages and Muhammad Baqir was interested in learning all religious sciences. He wrote;

"I was interested in different religious sciences since when I was a youth and I loved them and due to God's mercy I could enter gardens of knowledge. Then I learned right and wrong judgments in that knowledge so that I earned various fruits and colorful flowers of that for myself. I drank from every spring and picked up from every bouquet."[2]

Scholarly Position

Al-'Allama al-Majlisi has such a fame in different Islamic sciences that needs no explanations. He was among great scholars who had comprehensive knowledge. He was the top scholar of his time in different Islamic sciences such as exegesis of Qur'an, hadith studies, fiqh, usul, history, rijal, and diraya. A look at Bihar al-anwar best demonstrate this.

Moreover, having knowledge of rational sciences such as philosophy, logic, mathematics, Arabic literature, geography, medicine, astronomy, and occult sciences made him a great personality.

He was very sharp-witted about the hadiths which were difficult to understand. His explanations about hadiths and verses of the Qur'an are very nice and very little mistakes could be found in them. In addition to hadiths, al-'Allama al-Majlisi was very knowledgeable in fiqh even though most of the volumes of Bihal al-anwar dedicated to fiqh did not become rewritten and corrected.

In the Talk of the Noble

About him, it is said that he was the first person who taught hadith sciences in [[[Safavid]] era.

Al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili says, "He paid attention to all sciences and studied them carefully."[3]

Muhammad 'Ali Ardabili praised him greatly.

Mirza Muhamamd Tunkabuni says, "His Haqq al-yaqin alone made 3000 of Syrian Sunnis convert to Shi'a."[4]

The Sunni scholar 'Abd al-'Aziz Dihlawi, who wrote books against Shi'a, said, "If Shi'a is called Majlisi's religion, it would be fine; that was he who promoted this school and before that it was not influential."[5]

Teachers and Hadith References

According to Mirza Husayn Nuri's al-Fayd al-Qudsi fi tarjimat al-Allama al-Majlisi, Majlisi's teachers are many and Nuri mentions 18 of them:

Students and Narrators

Some reports have mentioned the number of his students exceeded 1000, each of whom became a famous scholar of his own field. Mirza Husayn Nuri mentioned 49 of them, some of whom are:

Scholarly, Political and Cultural Services

  • Fighting with Sufis and their thoughts and beliefs
  • Writing different books in different topics of fiqh, exegesis of Qur'an, theology, hadith studies, history, du'a and prayers, and writing the hadith encyclopedia of Bihar al-anwar and collecting hadiths and categorizing them.
  • Writing and translating some religious texts in simple Persian for common people.
  • Issuing fatwa and answering people's religious questions in the most simple ways.
  • Religious reformations and fighting with centers of corruption, idol houses, and fighting alcohol drinking.
  • Establishing Friday prayer, congregatioal prayer, religious gatherings, and speeches.
  • Accepting the position of judgment and being Shaykh al-Islam at the time of Shah Sultan Sulayman and Shah Sultan Husayn and using his influence for establishing Shi'a beliefs.
  • Reconciling people's arguments.

Works

one volume of the great hadith collection of Bihar al-anwar

'Allamah Majlisi's works in different topics which exceed 70 topics in Persian and Arabic. Aqa Buzurg Tihrani counted Majlisi's works as 169 volumes.

the tomb of al-'Allama al-Majlisi and his father, Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi in Isfahan

Demise

Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi passed away in the eve of Ramadan 27, 1110/March 29, 1699 in Isfahan at the age of 70. He was buried beside the Grand Mosque of Isfahan beside the grave of his father according to his will.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, Vol.102, P.11
  2. ↑ Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, Vol.1, P.2
  3. ↑ Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, Vol.107, P.104
  4. ↑ Tunikabuni, Qisas al-'ulama, P.205
  5. ↑ Al-Amin, A'yan al-Shi'a, Vol.9, P.183

References

  • The material for this article is mainly taken from محمد باقر مجلسی in Farsi WikiShia.
  • Amin, Sayyid Muhsin al-. A'yan al-Shi'a. Bierut, Dar al-Ta'aruf li-l-Matbu'at;
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-. Bihar al-anwar. Beirut, mu'assisa al-wafa', 1403 AH;
  • Tunikabuni, Mirza Muhammad. Qisas al-'ulama;
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