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Forty-fourth Supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya

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This article is an introduction to the Forty-fourth Supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya; to read its text see text:Forty-fourth Supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.
Forty-fourth Supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
SubjectDu'a at the beginning of the month of Ramadan, the duties of believers in the month of Ramadan, the characteristics of the month of Ramadan
Hadith-Based/Non-Hadith-BasedHadith-Based
Issued byImam al-Sajjad (a)
NarratorMutawakkil b. Harun
Shi'a sourcesAl-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
MonographsSahba-yi hudur by Muhammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi
TimeAt the beginning of the month of Ramadan


The forty-fourth supplication of al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya (Arabic: الدعاء الرابع والأربعون من الصحيفة السجادية) is a supplication transmitted from Imam al-Sajjad (a). It has 19 parts and is recited at the beginning of the month of Ramadan. In this supplication, Imam al-Sajjad (a) outlines the duties of a believer during the month of Ramadan and the conditions of true fasting. He also prays to God for protection from the evil of Satan.

At the beginning of this supplication, Imam al-Sajjad (a) expresses gratitude to God for granting His servants the ability to be thankful. He then beseeches God for the purification of sins and attainment of the status of the righteous.

The forty-fourth supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is expounded in such commentaries as Diyar-i ashiqan by Husayn Ansarian, Shuhud wa shinakht by Mamduhi Kirmanshahi and Sahba-yi hudur by Muhammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi in Persian and in Riyad al-salikin by Sayyid Ali Khan al-Madani and some other books in Arabic.

Doctrines

The forty-fourth supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is a prayer recited by Imam al-Sajjad (a) upon the arrival of the month of Ramadan. In this supplication, the Imam (a) highlights the virtues of Ramadan while also addressing the duties of believers during this sacred month.[1]

Here are the doctrines in the supplication:

  • Praise be to God who made us praise Him.
  • God gives rewards of a benefactor to people who praise Him.
  • Praise be to God who guided us to His religion.
  • The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting, Islam, purity, freedom, vigilance, and the revelation of the Qur'an.
  • In order to honor the month of Ramadan, God forbade in it what was permitted in other months.
  • Laylat al-Qadr—one of the Ramadan nights—is superior to a thousand months.

The supplication also mentions some rules of fasting; in fasting, one should observe the following:

  • Avoiding foolish talks
  • Abstaining from ogling,
  • Preventing one's hands and legs from forbidden acts,
  • Eating only what is permissible and pure,
  • Preventing one's tongue from anything other than what God ordered,
  • Avoiding Riya'.

The things to do in the month of Ramadan, according to this supplication:

  • Being beneficent to one's relatives,
  • Giving gifts to one's neighbors,
  • Make sure that no one has any rights in one's possessions,
  • Purify one's possessions by giving zakat
  • Reconciling with a person who broke with us,
  • Do justice to one who ignored our rights,
  • Tolerate one's enemy except one with whom we are hostile because of God,
  • Ask God to help us to be fasting, vigilant, humble to God, and free from the devil in the other months as well.

Commentaries

In the commentaries of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, such as Riyad al-salikin by Sayyid Ali Khan al-Madani,[2] Fi zilal al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya by Muhammad Jawad Mughniya,[3] Riyad al-'arifin by Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Darabi,[4] Afaq al-ruh by Muhammad Husayn Fadl Allah,[5] the forty-fourth supplication is explicated. The words used in the supplication is also elucidated in lexical commentaries such as Fayd Kashani's Ta'liqat 'ala l-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya[6] and 'Izz al-Din al-Jaza'iri's Sharh al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya[7]

The forty-fourth supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is expounded in such commentaries as Diyar-i ashiqan by Husayn Ansarian,[8] Shuhud wa shinakht by Muhammad Hasan Mamduhi Kirmanshahi,[9] Sharh wa tarjumi-yi Sahifi-yi Sajjadiyya by Sayyid Ahmad Fihri,[10] and some other books in Persian.

Notes

  1. Mamdūḥī Kirmanshāhī, Shuhūd wa shinākht, vol. 3, p. 388.
  2. Madanī Shīrāzī, Rīyāḍ al-sālikīn, vol. 6, p. 5-94.
  3. Mughnīya, Fī zilāl al-Ṣaḥīfa, p. 499-513.
  4. Dārābī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿārifīn, p. 543-553.
  5. Faḍl Allāh, Āfāq al-rūḥ, vol. 2, p. 359-388.
  6. Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Taʿlīqāt ʿalā l-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya, p. 87-89.
  7. Jazā'irī, Sharh al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya, p. 216-222.
  8. Anṣārīyān, Diyār-i āshiqān, vol. 7, p. 399-470.
  9. Mamdūḥī Kirmanshāhī, Shuhūd wa shinākht, vol. 3, p. 383-424.
  10. Fihrī, Sharḥ wa tarjuma-yi Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya, vol. 3, p. 221-279.

References

  • Anṣārīyān, Ḥusayn. Dīyār-i Āshiqān: tafsīr-i jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya. Tehran: Payām-i Āzādī, 1372 Sh.
  • Dārābī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Rīyāḍ al-ʿārifīn fī sharḥ al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya. Edited by Ḥusayn Dargāhī. Tehran: Nashr-i Uswa, 1379 Sh.
  • Faḍl Allāh, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Āfāq al-rūḥ. Beirut: Dār al-Mālik, 1420 AH.
  • Fihrī, Sayyid Aḥmad. Sharḥ wa tarjuma-yi Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya. Tehran: Nashr-i Uswa, 1388 Sh.
  • Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Muḥammad b. al-Murtaḍā al-. Taʿlīqāt ʿalā l-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya. Tehran: Muʾassisat al-Buḥūth wa l-Taḥqīqāt al-Thiqāfīyya, 1407 AH.
  • Jazāʾirī, ʿIzz al-Dīn. Sharḥ al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1402 AH.
  • Madanī Shīrāzī, Sayyid ʿAlīkhān. Rīyāḍ al-sālikīn fī sharḥ al-Ṣaḥīfa Sayyid al-Sājjidīn. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1435 AH.
  • Mughnīya, Muḥammad Jawād al-. Fī zilāl al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya. Qom: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī, 1428 AH.
  • Mamdūḥī Kirmanshāhī, Shuhūd wa shinākht; tarjuma wa sharḥ Ṣaḥīfa-yi Sajjādīyya. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1388 SH.
  • Misbāḥ Yazdī, Muḥammad Taqī. Ṣahbā-yi ḥuḍūr. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Āmūzishī wa Pazhūhishī-yi Imām Khomeiniī, 1391 Sh.