Mikhnaf b. Sulaym

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Mikhnaf b. Sulaym
Companion ofImam 'Ali (a)
LineageAzd
Wellknown RelativesAbu Mikhnaf
Demise64/684 or 80/699-700


Mikhnaf b. Sulaym al-Ghāmidī al-Azdī (Arabic: مِخْنَف بن سُلَیْم الغامِدی الأَزْدی, d. 64/684 or 80/699-700) was one of the Companions of the Prophet (s) and a commander of the army of Imam Ali (a) in the battles of Jamal and Siffin, as well as his agent in Isfahan and Hamadan. He was in charge of collecting zakat on behalf of Imam Ali (a) for a while. Some pieces of advice is narrated from Imam Ali (a) addressed to him in this period. Abu Mikhnaf, the author of Maqtal al-Husayn (a), was one of his great grandchildren.

Lineage

According to Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei, he was 'A'isha's maternal cousin.[1] Saq'ab and 'Abd Allah were his brothers who were martyred in the Battle of Jamal.[2] He had another brother named 'Abd Shams.

Abu Mikhnaf, the author of Maqtal al-Husayn, was from his progeny.[3]

Conversion to Islam

Mikhnaf converted to Islam in the lifetime of the Prophet (s).[4] He is mentioned among the Companions.[5] He attended the conquests of Iraq in the period of 'Umar b. al-Khattab's caliphate.[6]

Imam Ali's (a) Government

Al-Shaykh al-Tusi and al-Barqi mentioned Mikhnaf as a companion of Imam Ali (a).[7] Imam (a) appointed Mikhnaf as the commander of the tribes of Azd, Bajila, Khath'am, and Khuza'a in the Battle of Jamal.[8] He was injured in this battle, and then his flag was held by his brothers, Saq'ab and 'Abd Allah, both of whom were martyred.[9] The following poem in the battle field is quoted from Mikhnaf:[10]

O self! You have lived and you have prospered
for a lifetime and before today, [you have lived as long as] is sufficient for you
And after that, there is no doubt that you are gone,
Did you not get bored during the time you lived?

When Imam Ali (a) went from Basra to Kufa, he berated some people for their failure to assist him, but he praised Mikhnaf b. Sulaym and his people.[11]

After the Battle of Jamal, he was appointed by Imam Ali (a) as his agent in Isfahan and Hamadan.[12] When the Battle of Siffin was imminent, Imam Ali (a) wrote him a letter and summoned him.[13] Upon receiving the Imam's (a) letter, Mikhnaf appointed al-Harith b. Abi l-Harith b. Rabi' as the governor of Isfahan and Sa'id b. Wahb as the governor of Hamadan, and then moved towards Kufa.[14] In the Battle of Siffin, he held the flag of the Azd tribe, and according to some sources, he was the commander of the tribes of Azd, Bajila, Khath'am, Ansar, and Khuza'a.[15]

After the Battle of Siffin, Mikhnaf was Imam Ali's (a) agent for the collection of zakat in the tribe of Bakr b. Wa'il in the Euphrates area.[16] At this time, Nu'man b. Bashir attacked Malik b. Ka'b al-Arhabi, Imam Ali's (a) agent in 'Ayn al-Tamr, and at Malik's request, Mikhnaf sent a group of people, including his son, 'Abd al-Rahman, for aid.[17]

Imam Ali's (a) advice to Mikhnaf is cited in some sources.[18] Some of scholars take the Letter 26 of Nahj al-balagha—regarding tax agents—to be addressed to Mikhnaf.[19]

Transmission of Hadiths

Abu Ramla (Abu Rumayla) has transmitted two haidths from the Prophet's (s) from Mikhnaf.[20] According to Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, the hadith appears in al-Sunan al-Arba'a.[21] It is said that his son, Habib, transmitted hadiths from him.[22]

Death

According to some sources, he was martyred in the Battle of Jamal.[23] But accounts of his presence in the Battle of Siffin[24] and events after that[25] refute this claim. Al-Tabari named him among people who died in 80/699.[26] According to Ibn Hajar, he was killed in 64/684 in the Tawwabun Uprising.[27]

Children

  • Habib: he transmitted some hadiths from his father.
  • 'Abd al-Rahman: when Nu'man b. Bashir attacked Malik b. Ka'b, Imam Ali's (a) agent in 'Ayn al-Tamr, Mikhnaf sent 'Abd al-Rahman and a group of other people to help Malik. 'Abd al-Rahman was an opponent of the Uprising of al-Mukhtar in Kufa.[28]
  • Sa'id: he is the grandfather of Abu Mikhnaf.

Notes

  1. ↑ Khoei, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 18, p. 107.
  2. ↑ Bilādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 2, p. 241; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 251.
  3. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1467; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 11, p. 547.
  4. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 11, p. 547.
  5. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1467; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 11, p. 547.
  6. ↑ Dīnawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, p. 114.
  7. ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl, p. 81; Barqī, Rijāl al-Barqī, p. 6.
  8. ↑ Bilādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 2, p. 241; Dinawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, p. 114; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmīl fī al-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 251.
  9. ↑ Bilādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 2, p. 241. Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmīl fī al-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 251.
  10. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 32, p. 175.
  11. ↑ Minqarī, Waqʿat Ṣiffīn, p. 8.
  12. ↑ Minqarī, Waqʿat Ṣiffīn, p. 11.
  13. ↑ Minqarī, Waqʿat Ṣiffīn, p. 104.
  14. ↑ Minqarī, Waqʿat Ṣiffīn, p. 105.
  15. ↑ Minqarī, Waqʿat Ṣiffīn, p.117.
  16. ↑ Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmīl fī al-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 375; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 93, p. 70.
  17. ↑ Bilādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 2, p. 446; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmīl fī al-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 375; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 133.
  18. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 93, p. 86.
  19. ↑ Dashtī, Tarjuma-yi Nahj al-balāgha, p. 507.
  20. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1467; Ibn Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 4, p. 352.
  21. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 6, p. 46.
  22. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1467.
  23. ↑ Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, al-Kāmīl fī al-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 251; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 4, p. 521.
  24. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 133.
  25. ↑ Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmīl fī al-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 375.
  26. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 11, p. 547.
  27. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, vol. 10, p. 71.
  28. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 6, p. 18, 104.

References

  • Barqī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. Rijāl al-Barqī. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tehran, 1383 AH.
  • Bilādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir al-Maḥmūdī. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1394 AH.
  • Dashtī, Muḥammad. Tarjuma-yi Nahj al-balāgha. Qom: Intishārāt-i Mashriqayn, 1379 Sh.
  • Dinawarī, Aḥmad b. Dāwūd al-. Al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl. Edited by ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿĀmir. Qom: Manshūrāt-i Raḍī, 1368 Sh.
  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥāmmad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥamamd. Al-Kāmīl fī al-tārīkh. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385 AH.
  • Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥamamd. Usd al-ghāba. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Al-Iṣāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd & ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1404 AH.
  • Khoei, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. Qom: Markaz-i Nashr-i Āthār-i Shīʿa, 1410 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥamam Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1404 AH.
  • Minqarī, Naṣr b. Muzāhim. Waqʿat Ṣiffīn. Edited by ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn. Cairo: al-Muʾassisat al-ʿArabīyya al-Ḥadītha, 1382 AH.
  • Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1387 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Rijāl. Qom: Daftar-i Nashr-i Islāmī, 1415 AH.
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