Abu Talib: Difference between revisions
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He had the position of [[Siqayat al-Haj]]. After [['Abd al-Muttalib]], his father passed away, he took the guardianship of Muhammad (s), his nephew, and greatly supported Muhammad (s) during his mission. It is quoted from the Prophet (s), "[[Quraysh]] feared me until Abu Talib was alive." [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] narrated that when Abu Talib passed away, angel [[Gabriel]] came to the Prophet (s) and told him, "Go out of Mecca since you have no support in this city." | He had the position of [[Siqayat al-Haj]]. After [['Abd al-Muttalib]], his father passed away, he took the guardianship of Muhammad (s), his nephew, and greatly supported Muhammad (s) during his mission. It is quoted from the Prophet (s), "[[Quraysh]] feared me until Abu Talib was alive." [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] narrated that when Abu Talib passed away, angel [[Gabriel]] came to the Prophet (s) and told him, "Go out of Mecca since you have no support in this city." | ||
On the day Abu Talib passed away, the Prophet (s) asked Imam 'Ali (a) to do the [[ritual ablution]] for Abu Talib and shroud him while he (s) was very sorrowful and cried and prayed [[God]] for Abu Talib's forgiveness. When they arrived at the burial place of Abu Talib, the Prophet (s) said, "I ask God for your forgiveness in the manner that all [[Jinn|Jinns]] and people wonder." He was buried in Mecca beside the grave of his father Abd al-Muttalib in [[al-Hajun cemetery]] (al-Ma'la cemetery). | On the day Abu Talib passed away, the Prophet (s) asked Imam 'Ali (a) to do the [[ritual ablution]] for Abu Talib and shroud him while he (s) was very sorrowful and cried and prayed [[God]] for Abu Talib's forgiveness. When they arrived at the burial place of Abu Talib, the Prophet (s) said, "I ask God for your forgiveness in the manner that all [[Jinn|Jinns]] and people wonder." He was buried in Mecca beside the grave of his father 'Abd al-Muttalib in [[al-Hajun cemetery]] (al-Ma'la cemetery). | ||
{{Timeline of Imam 'Ali's (a) life}} | {{Timeline of Imam 'Ali's (a) life}} | ||
== His Birth and Lineage == | == His Birth and Lineage == | ||
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== His Demise == | == His Demise == | ||
[[File:Hajun Cemetery-2.jpg|thumbnail|A view of [[al-Hajun Cemetery]], [[Mecca]], also well-known as Abu Talib Cemetery, where Abu Talib was buried]] | [[File:Hajun Cemetery-2.jpg|thumbnail|A view of [[al-Hajun Cemetery]], [[Mecca]], also well-known as Abu Talib Cemetery, where Abu Talib was buried]] | ||
There are different reports on the day and month Abu Talib passed away, but according to [[Shi'a]] sources, he passed away on 26th of [[Rajab]] 10 years after the Prophet's (s) beginning of his mission (22nd of March, 619) and three days later [[Lady Khadija (a)]] passed away at the age of 85 years old. Some have mentioned his demise happened on 1st of [[Dhu al-Qi'da]] (23rd of June) or [[Shawwal]] (25th of May). The [[Prophet (s)]] called that year "[['Am al-Huzn]]" (Year of Sadness). On the day Abu Talib passed away, the Prophet (s) asked [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] to do the [[ritual ablution]] for Abu Talib and shroud him while he (s) was very sorrowful and cried and prayed [[God]] for Abu Talib's forgiveness. When they arrived at the burial place of Abu Talib, the Prophet (s) said, "I ask God for your forgiveness in the manner that all [[Jinn|Jinns]] and people wonder."<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Vol.7, P.176</ref> He was buried in [[Mecca]] beside the grave of his father Abd al-Muttalib in [[al-Hajun cemetery]]. | There are different reports on the day and month Abu Talib passed away, but according to [[Shi'a]] sources, he passed away on 26th of [[Rajab]] 10 years after the Prophet's (s) beginning of his mission (22nd of March, 619) and three days later [[Lady Khadija (a)]] passed away at the age of 85 years old. Some have mentioned his demise happened on 1st of [[Dhu al-Qi'da]] (23rd of June) or [[Shawwal]] (25th of May). The [[Prophet (s)]] called that year "[['Am al-Huzn]]" (Year of Sadness). On the day Abu Talib passed away, the Prophet (s) asked [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] to do the [[ritual ablution]] for Abu Talib and shroud him while he (s) was very sorrowful and cried and prayed [[God]] for Abu Talib's forgiveness. When they arrived at the burial place of Abu Talib, the Prophet (s) said, "I ask God for your forgiveness in the manner that all [[Jinn|Jinns]] and people wonder."<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Vol.7, P.176</ref> He was buried in [[Mecca]] beside the grave of his father 'Abd al-Muttalib in [[al-Hajun cemetery]]. | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
Revision as of 14:55, 22 April 2015
 | This article is under revision. |
ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Ḥāshim (عبد مناف بن عبدالمطّلب بن هاشم) known as Abu Talib, the father of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) and the uncle of Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah (s) was among the nobility of Mecca and the Tribe of Banu Hashim. In the poems of Abu Talib, there are many verses which show his belief in Islam. These verses have been proved to have similar interpretations since their common point is Abu Talib's mentioning his belief in the Prophethood of the Prophet of Islam (s).
He had the position of Siqayat al-Haj. After 'Abd al-Muttalib, his father passed away, he took the guardianship of Muhammad (s), his nephew, and greatly supported Muhammad (s) during his mission. It is quoted from the Prophet (s), "Quraysh feared me until Abu Talib was alive." Al-Shaykh al-Mufid narrated that when Abu Talib passed away, angel Gabriel came to the Prophet (s) and told him, "Go out of Mecca since you have no support in this city."
On the day Abu Talib passed away, the Prophet (s) asked Imam 'Ali (a) to do the ritual ablution for Abu Talib and shroud him while he (s) was very sorrowful and cried and prayed God for Abu Talib's forgiveness. When they arrived at the burial place of Abu Talib, the Prophet (s) said, "I ask God for your forgiveness in the manner that all Jinns and people wonder." He was buried in Mecca beside the grave of his father 'Abd al-Muttalib in al-Hajun cemetery (al-Ma'la cemetery).
_Shrine.jpg) | |
| Mecca | |
|---|---|
| 599 | Birth |
| 605 | The beginning of the presence in the house of the Prophet (s) |
| 610 | The first person who believes in Islam |
| 613 | Supporting the Prophet (s) in the event of Yawm al-Dar |
| 616 | Presence in the siege of Shi'b Abi Talib |
| 619 | Demise of Abu Talib (Father) |
| 622 | Laylat al-Mabit: Ali (a) risked his life by sleeping in the Prophet's (s) bed |
| Medina | |
| 622 | Emigration to Medina |
| 624/2 | Participating in the Battle of Badr |
| 624/2 | Marriage with Lady Fatima (s) |
| 625/3 | Participating in the Battle of Uhud |
| 626/4 | Demise of Fatima bt. Asad (Mother) |
| 627/5 | Participating in the Battle of Khandaq and killing 'Amr b. 'Abd Wadd |
| 628/6 | Writing the content of Hudaybiyya peace treaty by order of the Prophet (s) |
| 629/7 | Victorious of Khaybar castle in the Battle of Khaybar |
| 630/8 | Participating in Conquest of Mecca and breaking idols by the order of the Prophet (s) |
| 630/9 | Successor of the Prophet (s) in Medina in the Battle of Tabuk |
| 631/9 | Delivering the Bara'a Verses to the polytheists |
| 631/9 | Presence in the event of Mubahala |
| 632/10 | Participating in Hajjat al-Wida' |
| 632/10 | Event of Ghadir |
| 632/11 | Demise of the Prophet (s) and his burial by Imam 'Ali (a) |
| Three caliphs period | |
| 632/11 | Incident of Saqifa and beginning of Caliphate of Abu Bakr |
| 632/11 | Attacking the house of Imam 'Ali (a) to take allegiance from him |
| 632/11 | Martyrdom of Lady Fatima (a) (wife) |
| 634/13 | Beginning of Caliphate of 'Umar b. al-Khattab |
| 644/23 | Participating in Six-Member Council to appoint the caliph |
| 644/23 | Beginning of Caliphate of Uthman b. Affan |
| 655/35 | Sending al-Hasanayn (a) to protect 'Usman |
| Caliphate | |
| 655/35 | Beginning of his Caliphate |
| 656/36 | The Battle of Jamal |
| 657/37 | The Battle of Siffin |
| 658/38 | The Battle of Nahrawan |
| 661/40 | Martyrdom (about 62 years old) |
His Birth and Lineage
Abu Talib was born 35 years before the Prophet (s) (in about 536). His father 'Abd al-Muttalib was grandfather of the Prophet (s) who was regarded by all Arab tribes as a nobleman and the preacher of Prophet Abraham's (a) monotheism. Abu Talib's mother was daughter of 'Amr b. 'A'idh al-Makhzumi. Abu Talib was known with his kunya and his name was 'Abd Manaf.
His Wife and Children
Abu Talib had four sons and three daughters. His sons in the order of age were Talib, 'Aqil, Ja'far and 'Ali (a) and his daughters were Umm Hani, Jammana and Rabta. The mother of all his children was Fatima bt. Asad. It is reported that he had another child called Taliq whose mother was 'Illa.
His Social Position, Occupation and Traits
Abu Talib had two jobs of serving hajj pilgrims and giving water to them in Mecca. His occupation was business and traded perfume and wheat.
According to a narration from Imam 'Ali (a) and the reports of historians, although Abu Talib was a needy person, he was a nobleman of Quraysh and dear to them.[1] He had a sheer grandeur and wisdom. About his generosity, it is said that, on the day he gave food to the needy, no one else in Quraysh gave food.[2] He was the first person who made the rule of swearing the guardians of the murdered in pre-Islam Jahiliyya era and later Islam confirmed it. Halabi said, "Following his father's conduct, he also had forbidden wine to himself."[3]
His Guardianship of the Prophet (s)
Following the order of his father, Abu Talib took the guardianship of his eight-year-old nephew. Accordingly, Ibn Shahr Ashub says, "In his deathbed, 'Abd al-Muttalib called Abu Talib and told him, "O my son! You well know about my love for Muhammad (s); now, how will you observe my will about him?" Abu Talib answered, "Do not advise me about Muhammad (s), since he is my nephew and my son!" when 'Abd al-Muttalib passed away, Abu Talib always gave priority to Muhammad (s) over himself and his own family."[4]
Also, Ibn Sa'd wrote, "Abu Talib paid a special attention to Muhammad (s) and showed more love to him than his children, provided him best of food and laid him in a bed next to his and always tried to take him with himself.[5] Whenever Abu Talib wanted to give food to his children, he told them, "Wait for my son (Muhammad (s)) to come!"[6]
The Prophet's (s) Support
Historical reports explain Abu Talib's unreserved supports of the Prophet (s) against pressures and threats of Quraysh. Although, Abu Talib was 75 years old at the starting point of the Prophet's (s) mission, he expressed his supports for the Prophet (s) from the beginning. During his meetings and talks with chiefs of Quraysh, he formally announced his support for the Prophet (s). He even criticized and threatened Quraysh to kill them for their offer for the exchange of the Prophet (s) with Ammara b. Walid al-Makhzumi who was a handsome, powerful young man. His support for the Prophet (s) was to the extent that he and his wife became like real parents of the Prophet (s). It is quoted from the Prophet (s), "Quraysh feared me until Abu Talib was alive."[7] Al-Shaykh al-Mufid narrated that when Abu Talib passed away, angel Gabriel came to the Prophet (s) and told him, "Go out of Mecca since you have no support in this city."[8]
His Poems
His poems reach more than a 1000 verses long known as Diwan Abu Talib. His poems confirm his support and acknowledgement of the Prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad (s). His most famous poem is an ode called Qasida Lamiyya.
His Belief
There are many disputes between Shi'a and Sunnis over Abu Talib's faith. Shi'a believes that Abu Talib was a Muslim according to hadiths narrated from the Ahl al-Bayt (a), while Sunni historians say that Abu Talib did not formally admitted Islam and died as a polytheist.
His Demise
There are different reports on the day and month Abu Talib passed away, but according to Shi'a sources, he passed away on 26th of Rajab 10 years after the Prophet's (s) beginning of his mission (22nd of March, 619) and three days later Lady Khadija (a) passed away at the age of 85 years old. Some have mentioned his demise happened on 1st of Dhu al-Qi'da (23rd of June) or Shawwal (25th of May). The Prophet (s) called that year "'Am al-Huzn" (Year of Sadness). On the day Abu Talib passed away, the Prophet (s) asked Imam 'Ali (a) to do the ritual ablution for Abu Talib and shroud him while he (s) was very sorrowful and cried and prayed God for Abu Talib's forgiveness. When they arrived at the burial place of Abu Talib, the Prophet (s) said, "I ask God for your forgiveness in the manner that all Jinns and people wonder."[9] He was buried in Mecca beside the grave of his father 'Abd al-Muttalib in al-Hajun cemetery.
Notes
References
- Baladhuri, Ahmad b. Yahya, Ansab al-ashraf, dar al-fikr, Beirut, 1420AH/2000;
- Ibn Abi al-Hadid, the commentari on Nahj al-Balagha, Ed. Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, dar ihya' al-kutub al-'arabiyya, 1378AH/1959;
- Ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fida' Ismail, Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya, dar ihya' al-turath al-'arabi, Beirut, 1408 AH/1988;
- Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad, Al-Tabaqat al-kubra, dar sadir, Beirut;
- Ibn Shahr Ashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali, Manaqib Al Abi Talib, 'Allama, Qum, 1379AH/1960;
- Qumi, Shaykh 'Abbas, Al-Kuna wa al-alghab, maktaba al-sadr, Tehran;
- al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Nu'man, Iman-i Abu Talib, dar al-mufid, Beirut, 1414AH/1994;
- Yaqubi, Ibn Wadih, Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, al-maktaba al-haydariyya, Najaf, 1384AH/1965;
See also
External Links
- The material for this article is mainly taken from ابوطالب in Farsi Wikishia.