Martyrs of Karbala
| Mourning of Muharram |
|---|
 |
| Events |
| Figures |
| Places |
| Occasions |
| Rituals |
| Year 60/680 | |
|---|---|
| Rajab 15 (April 21) |
Death of Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan |
| Rajab 28 (May 4) |
Departure of Imam al-Husayn b. 'Ali (a) from Medina. |
| Sha'ban 3 (May 9) |
Arrival of Imam al-Husayn (a) to Mecca. |
| Ramadan 10 (June 14) |
Arrival of Kufiyans' first letter to Imam (a) |
| Ramadan 12 (June 16) |
Arrival of 150 letters from Kufa |
| Ramadan 14 (June 18) |
Arrival of the letter from leaders of Kufa |
| Ramadan 15 (June 19) |
Departure of Muslim b. 'Aqil from Mecca toward Kufa. |
| Shawwal 5 (July 9) |
Arrival of Muslim b. 'Aqil to Kufa. |
| Dhu l-Hijja 8 (September 9) |
Departure of Imam al-Husayn (a) form Mecca and uprising of Muslim b. 'Aqil in Kufa |
| Dhu l-Hijja 9 (September 10) |
Martyrdom of Muslim b. 'Aqil |
| Year 61/680 | |
| Muharram 1 (October 1) |
Asking for help of 'Ubayd Allah b. al-Hurr al-Ju'fi and 'Amr b. Qays in Qasr Bani Muqatil |
| Muharram 2 (October 2) |
Arrival of Imam (a) to Karbala |
| Muharram 3 (October 3) |
Arrival of 'Umar b. Sa'd with 4,000 people to Karbala |
| Muharram 6 (October 6) |
Habib b. Muzahir's asking for help of Banu Asad |
| Muharram 7 (October 7) |
Banding of water by 'Umar b. Sa'd and joining Muslim b. 'Awsaja al-Asadi to Imam (a) |
| Muharram 9 (October 9) |
Arrival of Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan to Karbala |
| Muharram 9 (October 9) |
Shimr's Safe conduct for Umm al-Banin's children |
| Muharram 9 (October 9) |
Announcing of the Battle by 'Umar b. Sa'd and Imam's (a) asking for a delay |
| Muharram 10 (October 10) |
Events of Ashura and the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), his Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) and his companions |
| Muharram 11 (October 11) |
Moving the captives towards Kufa and the burial of martyrs by Banu Asad |
| Muharram 12 (October 12) |
Arrival of captives to Kufa and the burial of the martyrs according to the narration |
| Muharram 19 (October 19) |
Moving the captives from Kufa towards Syria |
| Safar 1 (October 31) |
Arrival of the captives and the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) to Syria |
| Safar 20 (November 19) |
Arba'in and the return of Ahl al-Bayt (a) to Karbala and Medina (in some accounts) |
Martyrs of Karbala (Arabic: شهداء كربلاء) are those who were martyred on Muharram 10th ('Ashura'), 61/ October 10, 680, in Karbala by Umar b. Sa'd's army. Martyrs of Karbala include Imam al-Husayn (a), some members of Banu Hashim (Hashemites) and some of his companions. The exact number of martyrs of Karbala is unknown; however according to what is reported by majority of historians they were seventy-two. Some martyrs are mentioned in all of the books, in which the event of Karbala is narrated, but some are only mentioned in some sources. eighteen martyrs are from Banu Hashim (Hashimites) and the rest are Imam al-Husayn's companions. al-Abbas b. Ali and Ali al-Akbar, Imam al-Husayn's son, are the best known martyrs of Banu Hashim and al-Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi, Habib b. Muzahir and Muslim b. Awsaja al-Asadi are the famous martyrs among Imam's companions. Except for Hurr b. Yazid, all the martyrs were buried in Karbala.
Number of Martyrs
There are different reports about the number of the martyrs of Karbala in sources.[1] However, in most of them they were counted seventy-two,[2] eighteen of which were from Banu Hashim (Hashemites) and the rest were from other tribes.[3] They were divided into thirty-four cavalry and forty infantry.[4] In al-Irsahd, al-Shaykh al-Mufid reported that the heads of martyrs of Karbala were seventy-two.[5] Reporting the same number of heads, al-Baladhuri added that Abu Mikhnaf narrated the number of heads which was brought by each tribe to Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad: thirteen heads were brought by the tribe of Kinda led by Qays b. al-Ash'ath, twenty heads by Hawazin led by Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan, seventeen heads by Banu Tamim, sixteen heads by Banu Asad, seven heads by Madhhij and nine heads by Qays (totally eighty-two heads).[6]
Some other sources have reported different numbers:
- Al-Mas'udi: All people who were killed along with Husayn (a) on the day of Ashura' in Karbala were eighty-seven.[7]
- Al-Sayyid b. Tawus: it is narrated that the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a) were seventy-eight people, seventy-nine with Imam (a).[8]
- Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi has narrated from Muhammad b. Abi Talib that they were eighty-two.[9]
- It is also reported from Imam al-Baqir (a) that the martyrs of Karbala were forty-five cavalry and one hundred infantries.[10]
Martyrs of Banu Hashim
According to the most famous narration, eighteen individuals from Banu Hashim were martyred including Imam al-Husayn (a) in Karbala.[11]
Children of Imam Ali (a)
Children of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)
Children of Imam al-Husayn (a)
- Ali known as Ali al-Akbar[15]
- Abd Allah[16] known as Ali al-Asghar[17]
Others
Rare Reports
The name of 42 members of Banu Hashim was mentioned just in some of references:
- Ibrahim b. Ali
- Al-Abbas al-Asghar b. Ali
- Ja'far b. Ali
- Abd Allah al-Akbar b. Ali
- Abd Allah al-Asghar b. Ali
- Ubayd Allah b. Ali
- Umar b. Ali
- Atiq b. Ali
- Al-Qasim b. Ali
- Bishr b. al-Hasan
- Umar b. al-Hasan
- Abu Bakr b. al-Husayn
- Abu Bakr b. al-Qasim b. al-Husayn
- Ibrahim b. al-Husayn
- Ja'far b. al-Husayn
- Hamza b. al-Husayn
- Zayd b. al-Husayn
- Al-Qasim b. al-Husayn
- Muhammad b. al-Husayn
- Umar b. al-Husayn
- Muhammad b. Aqil
- Muhammad b. Abd Allah b. Aqil
- Hamza b. Aqil
- Ali b. Aqil
- Awn b. Aqil
- Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Aqil
- Abu Sa'id b. Aqil
- Ibrahim b. Muslim b. Aqil
- Muhammad b. Muslim b. Aqil
- Abd al-Rahman b. Muslim b. Aqil
- Ubayd Allah b. Muslim b. Aqil
- Abu Abd Allah b. Muslim b. Aqil
- Ali b. Muslim b. Aqil
- Ibrahim b. Ja'far
- Muhammad b. Ja'far
- Awn b. Ja'far b. Ja'far
- Abu Bakr b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far
- Awn al-Asghar b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far
- Al-Husayn b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far
- Ubayd Allah b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far
- Muhammad b. al-Abbas
- Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Hashimi[19]
Martyrs of Companions
I do not know any companion better and more loyal than my companions ...
Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, al-Irshad, vol.2 p.91
Sahaba
Companions of Imam Ali
Others
- Ibrahim b. al-Husayn al-Asadi
- Hudhayfa b. Asid al-Ghifari's nephew (the son of his brother)
- Abu Hayaj
- Adham b. Umayya
- Anis b. Ma'qil al-Asbahi
- Burayr b. Khudayr al-Hamdani
- Bashir b. Amr al-Hadrami
- Jabir b. al-Hajjaj
- Jabala b. Ali al-Shaybani
- Junada b. al-Harith
- Jundab b. Hujayr
- Jawn b. Huwayy (Abu Dhar's slave)
- Juwayn b. Malik
- Al-Harith b. Imru' al-Qays
- Al-Harith b. Nahban
- Hamza b. Abd al-Muttalib's slave
- Abu l-Hutuf b. al-Harth
- Al-Hajjaj b. Zayd
- Al-Hajjaj b. Masruq
- Al-Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi
- Al-Hallas b. Amr
- Nu'man b. Amr
- Hanzala b. As'ad
- Rafi'
- Rumayth b. Amr
- Zuhayr b. Bishr al-Khath'ami
- Zuhayr b. Sulaym al-Azdi
- Zuhayr b. al-Qayn al-Bajali
- Zayd b. Ma'qil
- Salim b. Amr
- Sa'd b. Hanzala al-Tamimi
- Sa'id b. Abd Allah al-Hanafi
- Sa'id b. Kardam
- Sulayman b. Razin (Imam al-Husayn's slave)
- Sulayman b. Rabi'a
- Sawwar b. Abi Himyar
- Suwayd b. Amr b. Abi Muta'
- Sayf b. al-Harith al-Jabiri
- Shabib b. Abd Allah al-Nahshali
- Sayf b. Malik
- Darghama b. Malik
- Shawdhab
- Dubab b. Amir
- Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri
- Amir b. Muslim
- Salim (Amir b. Muslim's slave)
- Abbad b. Abi l-Muhajir
- Abd al-Rahman b. Abd Allah al-Arhabi
- Abd Allah b. Qays al-Ghifari
- Abd al-Rahman b. Qays al-Ghifari
- Uqba b. Salt
- Ammar b. Hassan al-Ta'i
- Umran b. Ka'b
- Umar b. Ahduth al-Hadrami
- Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi
- Sa'd b. Abd Allah al-Kufi, (Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi's slave)
- Amr b. Khalid al-Azdi
- Khalid b. Amr al-Azdi
- Amr b. Dubay'a
- Amr b. Abd Allah al-Junda'i
- Amr b. Qaraza al-Ansari
- Imam al-Husayn's turk slave
- Qarib b. Abd Allah (Imam al-Husayn's slave)
- Al-Qasim b. Habib al-Azdi
- Qa'nab b. Amr al-Namiri
- Kinana b. Atiq
- Malik b. Abd Allah b. Sari' al-Jabiri
- Mujammi' b. Ziyad
- Mujammi' b. Abd Allah al-A'idhi
- Mujammi' b. Abd Allah al-A'idhi's son
- Mas'ud b. al-Hajjaj
- Abd al-Rahman b. Mas'ud
- Muslim b. Kathir
- Munjih (Imam al-Husayn's slave)
- Na'im b. al-Ajlan
- Hafhaf b. Muhannad al-Rasibi
- Hammam b. Salama al-Qanisi
- Wahb b. Wahb
- Yahya b. Sulaym al-Mazini
- Yazid b. Ziyad b. Muhasir
- Yazid b. Thubayt al-Abdi
- Abd Allah b. Yazid b. Thubayt al-Abdi
- Ubayd Allah b. Yazid b. Thubayt al-Abdi[22]
Manner and Place of Burial
Muharram 11th[23] or 13th[24] of 61 AH/ October 11 or 13, 680; is mentioned as the time when the martyrs of Karbala were buried. According to some reports, after Ibn Sa'd and his soldiers returned, a group of people from Banu Asad who lived near Karbala, went to the battlefield and at a time of night, when they were safe from the enemies, prayed upon the bodies of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions and then buried them.[25]
Most of the martyrs are buried in the collective grave of the martyrs of Karbala, below the grave of Imam al-Husayn (a). Ali al-Akbar (a) is buried below the feet of Imam (a) and Ali al-Asghar (a), according to the more famous report, is buried beside Imam (a). The shrine of al-Abbas b. Ali (a) is near Alqama Creek and the shrine of al-Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi is in the outskirt of the city of Karbala.[citation needed]
See Also
Notes
- ↑ Group of authors, Tarīkh-i qīyām wa maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-Shuhadaʾ (a), 1391 Sh, vol. 2, p. 483-485.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1977, p. 395. Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, 1967, vol. 5, p. 422. Dīnawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, 1373 Sh, p. 256. Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Kitāb al-Futūḥ, 1411 AH, vol. 5, p. 101.
- ↑ Group of authors, Tarīkh-i qīyām wa maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-Shuhadaʾ (a), 1391 Sh, vol. 2, p. 485.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1977, p. 395. Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, 1967, vol. 5, p. 422. Dīnawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, 1373 Sh, p. 256. Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Kitāb al-Futūḥ, 1411 AH, vol. 5, p. 101.
- ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 113.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1977, p. 207.
- ↑ Masʿūdī, Murūj al-dhahab, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 61.
- ↑ Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, al-Luhūf, Anwār al-Hudā, p. 85.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 45, p. 4.
- ↑ Qumī, Nafas al-mahmūm, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, p. 236.
- ↑ Group of authors, Tarīkh-i qīyām wa maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-Shuhadaʾ (a), 1391 Sh, vol. 2, p. 485-487.
- ↑ Qumī, Nafas al-mahmūm, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, p. 295-298.
- ↑ Qumī, Nafas al-mahmūm, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, p. 292-295. Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), vol. 2, p. 294.
- ↑ Khwārazmī, Maqtal al-Ḥusayn, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 48.
- ↑ Qumī, Nafas al-mahmūm, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, p. 276. Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), vol. 2, p. 294.
- ↑ Qumī, Nafas al-mahmūm, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, p. 317-318. Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), vol. 2
- ↑ Muḥaddithī, Farhang-i ʿĀshūrā, 1393 Sh, p. 348. Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), vol. 2, p. 294.
- ↑ Qumī, Nafas al-mahmūm, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, p. 286-290. Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), vol. 2, p. 294.
- ↑ Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), vol. 2, p. 294-298.
- ↑ Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), p. 293.
- ↑ Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), p. 293.
- ↑ Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), 1395 Sh, vol. 1, p. 298-301.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, 1967, vol. 5, p. 455. Masʿūdī, Murūj al-dhahab, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 63.
- ↑ Muqarram, Maqtal al-Ḥusayn, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, p. 319.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1977, vol. 3, p. 411. Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, 1967, vol. 5, p. 455. Masʿūdī, Murūj al-dhahab, 1409 AH, vol. 3, p. 259.
References
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- Dīnawarī, Aḥmad b. Dāwūd al-. Al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl. Qom, al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1373 Sh.
- Group of authors. Tarīkh-i qīyām wa maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-Shuhadaʾ (a). Qom, Muʾassisa-yi Amūzishī wa Pajhūhishī-yi Imām Khomeinī, 1391 Sh.
- Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Aḥmad. Kitāb al-Futūḥ. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwaʾ, 1411/1991.
- Khwārizmī, al-Muwaffaq b. Aḥmad al-. Maqtal al-Ḥusayn. Qom, Anwār al-Hudā, 1423 AH.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Taqī al-. Biḥār al-anwār, Beirut, Muʾassisat al-Wafā, 1403 AH.
- Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿādin al-jawhar. Ed. Asʿad Dāghir. Qom, Dār al-Hijra, 1409 AH.
- Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat hujaj Allāh ʿalā l-ʿibād. Qom, Kungira-yi Jahānī-yi Shaykh-i Mufīd, 1413 AH.
- Muḥaddithī, Jawād al-. Farhang-i ʿĀshūrā. Qom, Nashr-i Maʿrūf, 1393 Sh.
- Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad. Shahādatnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a). Translated by Maḥdī Mihrīzī et al. Qom, Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1395 Sh.
- Muqarram, ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-. Maqtal al-Ḥusayn. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, nd.
- Qumī, Shaykh ʿAbbās. Nafas al-mahmūm fī muṣībat sayyidinā l-Ḥusayn al-maẓlūm. Qom, al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, nd.
- Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-. Al-Luhūf fī qatlā l-ṭufūf. Qom, Anwār al-Hudā, nd.
- Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr. Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Ed. Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut, Dār al-Turāth, 1967.